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Nykel A, Woźniak R, Gach A. The Influence of Maternal Cell Contamination on Fetal Aneuploidy Detection Using Chip-Based Digital PCR Testing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091607. [PMID: 34573950 PMCID: PMC8466443 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal samples obtained by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling are at risk of maternal cell contamination (MCC). In traditional prenatal analysis, MCC is recommended to be assayed by special tests, such as the short tandem repeat analysis and, if detected at a high level, may result in failed analysis report. The objective of this study was to test the ability of chip-based digital PCR to detect fetal aneuploidies in the presence of MCC. To determine the level of accuracy of MCC detection, an aneuploid male sample was subjected to serial dilution with an euploid female sample. DNA was extracted from prenatal samples and analyzed with QuantStudio 3D Digital PCR. Digital PCR analysis allowed the detection of trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and X monosomy accurately in samples with 90%, 85%, and 92% of MCC, respectively. Moreover, our results indicated that digital PCR was able to accurately confirm the presence of Y chromosome at up to 95% contamination. The amniotic fluid and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) received in our clinical laboratory was subjected to further analysis of MCC based on the aneuploidy assessment algorithm, resulting in the identification of 10 contaminated samples and four cases of true fetal mosaicism. We conclude that chip-based digital PCR analysis enables the detection of fetal aneuploidy with high levels of accuracy, even in cases of significant MCC. Importantly, the algorithm eliminates the need for maternal DNA and additional MCC tests, which reduces costs and simplifies the diagnostic procedure. The method is easy to set up and suitable for routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nykel
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (A.G.); Tel.: +48-42271-1271 (A.G.)
| | - Rafał Woźniak
- Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, 00-241 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Gach
- Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, 00-241 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (A.G.); Tel.: +48-42271-1271 (A.G.)
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2
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Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Contini C, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F. Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in specimens from females affected by spontaneous abortion. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:433-440. [PMID: 30590693 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infections associated with spontaneous abortion (SA)? SUMMARY ANSWER There is no association of JCPyV or BKPyV with SA. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A large number of risk factors have been associated with SA. The role of polyomaviruses, including JCPyV and BKPyV, in SA remains to be clarified. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a case-control study including women affected by spontaneous abortion (SA, n = 100, the cases) and women who underwent voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VI, n = 100, the controls). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Viral DNAs were investigated by qualitative PCR and quantitative droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR) in matched chorionic villi tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SA (n = 100) and VI (n = 100). Indirect ELISAs with mimotopes/synthetic peptides corresponding to JCPyV and BKPyV viral capsid protein 1 epitopes were then employed to investigate specific IgG antibodies against JCPyV and BKPyV in human sera from SA (n = 80) and VI (n = 80) cohorts. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE JCPyV DNA was detected in 51% and 61% of SA and VI samples, respectively, with a mean viral DNA load of 7.92 copy/104 cells in SA and 5.91 copy/104 cells in VI (P > 0.05); BKPyV DNA was detected in 11% and 12% of SA and VI specimens, respectively, with a mean viral DNA load of 2.7 copy/104 cells in SA and 3.08 copy/104 cells in VI (P > 0.05). JCPyV was more prevalent than BKPyV in both SA and VI specimens (P < 0.0001). In PBMCs from the SA and VI cohorts, JCPyV DNA was detected with a prevalence of 8% and 12%, respectively, with a mean viral DNA load of 2.29 copy/104 cells in SA and 1.88 copy/104 cells in VI (P > 0.05). The overall prevalence of serum IgG antibodies against JCPyV detected by indirect ELISAs was 52.5% and 48.7% in SA and VI groups, respectively, whereas BKPyV-positive sera were found in 80% SA and 78.7% VI samples. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study did not investigate the presence of viral mRNA and/or proteins, which are indicative of an active viral infection, and these might be taken into consideration in future studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS JCPyV and BKPyV DNA sequences were detected and quantitatively analyzed for the first time by PCR/ddPCR in chorionic villi tissues and PBMCs from SA and VI specimens. Moreover specific immunological approaches detected serum IgG against JCPyV/BKPyV. Statistical analyses, however, do not indicate an association between these polyomaviruses and SA. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the University of Ferrara, FAR research grants and the University Hospital of Ferrara/University of Ferrara joint grant. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tagliapietra
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 64/B, Fossato di Mortara Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J C Rotondo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 64/B, Fossato di Mortara Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 64/B, Fossato di Mortara Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 64/B, Fossato di Mortara Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Magagnoli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 64/B, Fossato di Mortara Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Maritati
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology; University of Ferrara, 8, Aldo Moro Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Contini
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology; University of Ferrara, 8, Aldo Moro Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Vesce
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, 8, Aldo Moro Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 64/B, Fossato di Mortara Street, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 64/B, Fossato di Mortara Street, Ferrara, Italy
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Chevreau J, Becart L, Sergent F, Foulon A, Gondry J, Jedraszak G. Risk factors for failed chorionic villus sampling: results of a 4-year retrospective study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:141-146. [PMID: 31928264 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1712713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) allows for earlier results for aneuploidy or genomic abnormalities compared to amniocentesis. Nevertheless, the inability to provide complete results has been described as being more frequent with CVS. This study was conducted in order to identify risk factors for such failures.Study design: A retrospective single-center study was performed from January 2014 to December 2018. Participants were divided into two groups depending on whether complete CVS results were issued ("successful CVS group") or not ("failed CVS group"). Failure affected preliminary short-term cultures, long-term cultures, or both.Results: During the study period, 214 CVS were performed, 73 (34%) of which were classified in the failed CVS group. We observed significant intergroup differences between the successful and failed CVS groups for four variables: BMI (respectively 23.9 [±5.88] and 25.9 [±6.13] kg/m2), term at sampling (12.9 [±1.35] and 12.6 [±1.09] weeks gestation), trophoblastic location (posterior in 49 [40%] and 37 [66%] cases), and sampling approach (transcervical in 54 [43%] and 36 [64%] cases) (p < .05). In a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis, higher BMI, posterior trophoblastic location, and transcervical sampling approach were the only variables negatively influencing CVS success, with respective aOR [95% CI] of 0.947 [0.898; 0.996], 0.322 [0.160; 0.634], and 0.466 [0.238; 0.900].Conclusions: In the presence of CVS failure risk factors, a discussion could be initiated regarding a deferred amniocentesis as a first option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Chevreau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Amiens, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Lucie Becart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Amiens, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Fabrice Sergent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Amiens, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Arthur Foulon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Amiens, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jean Gondry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Amiens, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Guillaume Jedraszak
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Amiens, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France.,INSERM U1088, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
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Schouten J, van Vught P, Galjaard RJ. Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) for Prenatal Diagnosis of Common Aneuploidies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1885:161-170. [PMID: 30506197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8889-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) is a method to determine the copy number of up to 60 genomic DNA sequences in a single multiplex PCR based reaction.MLPA probes consist of two oligonucleotides that can hybridize next to each other on a certain DNA sequence of interest, where they are ligated. All ligated probes are subsequently amplified by PCR using a single set of primers. Each amplified MLPA probe has a unique length and can be visualized and quantified by capillary electrophoresis. As the primers are almost 100% consumed in the PCR reaction, the quantity of each PCR amplicon is proportional to the number of copies of each probe target sequence in the DNA sample. A trisomy 21 can therefore be detected by an approximately 50% increased signal of each chromosome 21 specific probe relative to reference samples.MLPA with the P095 Aneuploidy probemix for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y has been used as a rapid detection method on large numbers of samples from uncultured amniotic fluid or from chorionic villi. As compared to FISH and karyotyping, MLPA is more rapid, has a higher throughput, and is less expensive. MLPA however cannot detect low grade mosaicism, female triploidies, and copy number neutral chromosome abnormalities such as inversions and translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schouten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul van Vught
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Galjaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Brun S, Pennamen P, Mattuizzi A, Coatleven F, Vuillaume ML, Lacombe D, Arveiler B, Toutain J, Rooryck C. Interest of chromosomal microarray analysis in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal intrauterine growth restriction. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:1111-1119. [PMID: 30328630 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic utility of prenatal diagnosis using the chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for fetuses presenting with isolated or associated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). METHOD We retrospectively included all fetuses with IUGR referred for prenatal testing and studied by rapid fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), karyotype, and CMA. RESULTS Among the 162 IUGR fetuses (78 associated and 84 isolated IUGR) included, 15 had an abnormal FISH result: 10 associated and five isolated fetal IUGRs. Among the 143 fetuses studied by CMA, 10 (7%) presented pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs). All 10 were in the associated fetal IUGR group (10/65 or 15.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4%-26.2%) versus 0/78 in the isolated fetal IUGR group (95% CI: 0%-5.6%). Six fetuses (4.2%) carried variants of unknown significance (VOUS) (three associated and three isolated fetal IUGRs). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the added value of CMA in the case of associated fetal IUGR with an incremental yield of 6.1% (4/65) over karyotyping. No pathogenic CNVs were reported in the isolated fetal IUGR group. More studies must be conducted to determine when and whether CMA would be wisely indicated in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brun
- Centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine Maternity, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Didier Lacombe
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jerome Toutain
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A, Poggi A, Capucci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F. Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:100-107. [PMID: 30078192 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Miscarriage is one of the main complications occurring in pregnancy. The association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and silent bacterial infections has been poorly investigated. Ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis DNA sequences have been investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in chorionic villi tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from females with spontaneous abortion (SA, n = 100) and females who underwent voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VI, n = 100). U. parvum DNA was detected in 14% and 15% of SA and VI, respectively, with a mean of bacterial DNA load of 1.3 × 10-1 copy/cell in SA and 2.8 × 10 -3 copy/cell in VI; U. urealiticum DNA was detected in 3% and 2% of SA and VI specimens, respectively, with a mean DNA load of 3.3 × 10-3 copy/cell in SA and 1.6 × 10-3 copy/cell in VI; M. hominis DNA was detected in 5% of SA specimens with a DNA load of 1.3 × 10-4 copy/cell and in 6% of VI specimens with a DNA load of 1.4 × 10-4 copy/cell; C. trachomatis DNA was detected in 3% of SA specimens with a DNA load of 1.5 × 10-4 copy/cell and in 4% of VI specimens with a mean DNA load of 1.4 × 10-4 copy/cell. In PBMCs from the SA and VI groups, Ureaplasma spp, Mycoplasma spp and C. trachomatis DNAs were detected with a prevalence of 1%-3%. Bacteria were investigated, for the first time, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in chorionic villi tissues and PBMCs from women affected by SA and VI. These data may help to understand the role and our knowledge of the silent infections in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Contini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - John C Rotondo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Magagnoli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silva Seraceni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Graziano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Poggi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Capucci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fortunato Vesce
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Kong Y, Berko ER, Marcketta A, Maqbool SB, Simões-Pires CA, Kronn DF, Ye KQ, Suzuki M, Auton A, Greally JM. Detecting, quantifying, and discriminating the mechanism of mosaic chromosomal aneuploidies using MAD-seq. Genome Res 2018; 28:1039-1052. [PMID: 29773658 PMCID: PMC6028128 DOI: 10.1101/gr.226282.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches to detect and characterize mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy are limited by sensitivity, efficiency, cost, or the need to culture cells. We describe the mosaic aneuploidy detection by massively parallel sequencing (MAD-seq) capture assay and the MADSEQ analytical approach that allow low (<10%) levels of mosaicism for chromosomal aneuploidy or regional loss of heterozygosity to be detected, assigned to a meiotic or mitotic origin, and quantified as a proportion of the cells in the sample. We show results from a multi-ethnic MAD-seq (meMAD-seq) capture design that works equally well in populations of diverse racial and ethnic origins and how the MADSEQ analytical approach can be applied to exome or whole-genome sequencing data, revealing previously unrecognized aneuploidy or copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity in samples studied by the 1000 Genomes Project, cell lines from public repositories, and one of the Illumina Platinum Genomes samples. We have made the meMAD-seq capture design and MADSEQ analytical software open for unrestricted use, with the goal that they can be applied in clinical samples to allow new insights into the unrecognized prevalence of mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy in humans and its phenotypic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
| | - Esther R Berko
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
| | - Anthony Marcketta
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
| | - Shahina B Maqbool
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
| | - Claudia A Simões-Pires
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
| | - David F Kronn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Kenny Q Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
| | - Adam Auton
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
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Oneda B, Rauch A. Microarrays in prenatal diagnosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 42:53-63. [PMID: 28215395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In prenatal diagnosis, chromosomal microarray (CMA) has not yet fully replaced conventional karyotyping but has rapidly become the recommended test in pregnancies with ultrasound abnormalities. In this review, we provide an overview of the published data concerning this technology and the controversies concerning its use in the prenatal setting. There is abundant evidence indicating the added detection of pathogenic abnormalities with CMA in comparison to the traditional karyotyping, especially in fetuses with multiple or isolated ultrasound abnormalities such as congenital heart disease, increased nuchal translucency, or oral cleft. On the other hand, there is also a risk to detect variants of unknown significance, late-onset disorders, and variants in susceptibility loci. However, it has been shown that pregnant couples tend to prefer a maximum of information about the health of their unborn child. Taken together, CMA has considerable diagnostic and prognostic values during pregnancy and should therefore be the test of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Oneda
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Saxena D, Agarwal M, Gupta D, Agrawal S, Das V, Phadke SR. Utility and limitations of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique in the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in products of conception. J Postgrad Med 2016; 62:239-241. [PMID: 27763481 PMCID: PMC5105209 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.192664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Introduction: Chromosomal abnormality is found in about half of first-trimester abortions. Karyotype is the gold standard to detect chromosomal abnormalities. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) offers advantage over karyotype in terms of lower failure rate, faster turnaround time, and much higher resolution than conventional karyotyping and found to be 98% concordant with conventional karyotype. AIM We performed this study to look for the utility of MLPA in diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities in first-trimester abortions. MATERIALS AND METHODS MLPA using subtelomeric SALSA probe sets (P036 and P070) was used to detect cytogenetic abnormalities in products of conception in missed/spontaneous abortions. RESULTS A total of ninety abortus samples were analyzed by MLPA. Successful results were provided in (67) 74.4% of the cases while no conclusion could be drawn in 25.6% (23) of the cases. Fifty-five (82.1%) cases were cytogenetically normal and 17.9% (12) had some abnormality. Aneuploidy was detected in 8 (66.7%) cases, 3 (25%) had double-segment imbalance, and one (8.3%) had partial aneuploidy. CONCLUSION We suggest that MLPA is a good substitute to traditional karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saxena
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Agarwal
- GenePath Dx Causeway Healthcare Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - D Gupta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Das
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Toutain J, Prochazkova-Carlotti M, Horovitz J, Saura R, Merlio JP, Chevret E. Evaluation of Quantitative Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Relative Measurement of Telomere Length in Placental Mesenchymal Core Cells. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2015; 81:54-60. [DOI: 10.1159/000381896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Kooper AJA, Faas BHW. Comment on ‘Confined placental mosaicism: implications for fetal chromosomal analysis using microarray comparative genomic hybridization’. Prenat Diagn 2014; 34:815-6. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelique J. A. Kooper
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte H. W. Faas
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Omrani MD, Azizi F, Rajabibazl M, Safavi Naini N, Omrani S, Abbasi AM, Saleh Gargari S. Can we rely on the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method (MLPA) for prenatal diagnosis? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2014; 12:263-8. [PMID: 24976821 PMCID: PMC4071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major aneuploidies that are diagnosed prenatally involve the autosomal chromosomes 13, 18, and 21, as well as sex chromosomes, X and Y. Because multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is rapid and non-invasive, it has replaced traditional culture methods for the screening and diagnosis of common aneuploidies in some countries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of MLPA in a cross-sectional descriptive study for the detection of chromosomal aneuploidies in comparison to other methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of 10 normal controls and the amniotic fluid of 55 patients. Aneuploidies screening of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y were carried out using specific MLPA probe mixes (P095-A2). For comparison purposes, samples were also tested by Quantitative Fluorescent-PCR (QF-PCR) and routine chromosomal culture method. RESULTS Using this specific MLPA technique and data-analyzing software (Genemarker v1.85), one case was diagnosed with 45, X (e.g. Monosomy X or Turner's Syndrome), and the remaining 54 cases revealed normal karyotypes. These results were concordant with routine chromosomal culture and QF-PCR findings. CONCLUSION The experiment demonstrates that MLPA can provide a rapid and accurate clinical method for prenatal identification of common chromosomal aneuploidies with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Azizi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloufar Safavi Naini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Omrani
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Soraya Saleh Gargari
- Feto-Maternal Unit, Mahdieh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti, University, Tehran, Iran.
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Rooryck C, Toutain J, Cailley D, Bouron J, Horovitz J, Lacombe D, Arveiler B, Saura R. Prenatal diagnosis using array-CGH: a French experience. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:341-5. [PMID: 23454632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Array-CGH or Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) is increasingly used in prenatal diagnosis throughout the world. However, routine practices are very different among centers and countries, regarding CMA indications, design and resolution of microarrays, notification and interpretation of Copy Number Alterations (CNA). We present our data and experience from our Fetal Medicine Center on 224 prospective prenatal diagnoses. Our approach is practical, and aims to propose a strategy to offer Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) to selected fetuses and to help to interpret CNA. We hope that this publication could encourage development of CMA in centers that have not started yet this activity in prenatal routine, and could contribute to edict guidelines in this field.
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Willis AS, van den Veyver I, Eng CM. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:315-20. [PMID: 22467161 DOI: 10.1002/pd.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is a recent technique for the relative quantitation of up to 40 to 45 nucleic acid targets. Due to its relative simplicity, low cost, and availability of laboratory-developed and more than 300 commercially-developed assays, MLPA has become more widely used for both research and diagnostic applications. The MLPA platform is now extensively applied for postnatal diagnosis of genetic disorders and has recently been used for prenatal diagnosis. The published uses of MLPA for prenatal diagnosis include detection of aneuploidies, common microdeletion syndromes and subtelomeric copy-number changes, identification of marker chromosomes, and detection of familial copy-number changes in single genes. This review describes the technique of MLPA in detail and offers considerations for the interpretation of results in the clinical diagnostic setting. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia S Willis
- Medical Genetics Laboratories, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Kooper AJ, Pieters JJ, Faas BH, Hoefsloot LH, van der Burgt I, Zondervan HA, Smits AP. Is routine karyotyping required in prenatal samples with a molecular or metabolic referral? Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:7. [PMID: 22281113 PMCID: PMC3293020 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a routine, karyotyping of invasive prenatal samples is performed as an adjunct to referrals for DNA mutation detection and metabolic testing. We performed a retrospective study on 500 samples to assess the diagnostic value of this procedure. These samples included 454 (90.8%) chorionic villus (CV) and 46 (9.2%) amniocenteses specimens. For CV samples karyotyping was based on analyses of both short-term culture (STC) and long-term culture (LTC) cells. Overall, 19 (3.8%) abnormal karyotypes were denoted: four with a common aneuploidy (trisomy 21, 18 and 13), two with a sex chromosomal aneuploidy (Klinefelter syndrome), one with a sex chromosome mosaicism and twelve with various autosome mosaicisms. In four cases a second invasive test was performed because of an abnormal finding in the STC. Taken together, we conclude that STC and LTC karyotyping has resulted in a diagnostic yield of 19 (3.8%) abnormal cases, including 12 cases (2.4%) with an uncertain significance. From a diagnostic point of view, it is desirable to limit uncertain test results as secondary test findings. Therefore, we recommend a more targeted assay, such as e.g. QF-PCR, as a replacement of the STC and to provide parents the autonomy to choose between karyotyping and QF-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Ja Kooper
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Toutain J, Soler G, Horovitz J, Saura R. Prenatal diagnosis on chorionic villi using molecular techniques should be performed from mesenchymal core rather than from direct villi. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:1111-2; author reply 1113. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Saura R, Toutain J, Horovitz J. [Reflections on the "feasibility of chorionic villus sampling outside referral prenatal diagnosis centers"]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:481-2. [PMID: 21676556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Faas BHW, Cirigliano V, Bui TH. Rapid methods for targeted prenatal diagnosis of common chromosome aneuploidies. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 16:81-7. [PMID: 21316319 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in non-invasive screening methods for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and other aneuploidies during the first and second trimester of pregnancy have radically changed the indications for prenatal diagnosis over the last decade. Consequently, there was a need for rapid tests for the detection of common chromosome aneuploidies resulting in the development of molecular methods for the rapid, targeted detection of (an)euploidies of the chromosomes 13, 18, 21 and the sex chromosomes. The analysis of large series of prenatal samples has shown that such tests can detect the great majority of chromosome abnormalities in prenatal diagnosis. This resulted in lively discussions on whether conventional karyotyping should remain the standard method for the majority of prenatal cases or can be replaced by rapid tests only. This review gives an overview of different aspects of the three most common tests for rapid, targeted prenatal detection of (an)euploidies, i.e. interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (iFISH), quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte H W Faas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Oitmaa E, Peters M, Vaidla K, Andreson R, Mägi R, Slavin G, Velthut A, Tõnisson N, Reimand T, Remm M, Schneider M, Ounap K, Salumets A, Metspalu A. Molecular diagnosis of Down syndrome using quantitative APEX-2 microarrays. Prenat Diagn 2011; 30:1170-7. [PMID: 20949644 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a new rapid and high-throughput microarray-based prenatal diagnostic test for the detection of trisomy 21 (T21). METHODS The T21 arrayed primer extension-2 (APEX-2) assay discriminates between trisomy and euploid DNA samples by comparing the signal intensities of allelic fractions of heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after APEX reaction. After preliminary validation using DNA samples from Down syndrome patients, we analyzed DNA samples from cultured and uncultured amniocytes and chorionic villus for 90 SNPs with high heterozygosity from the 21(q21.1q22.2) region. Differences in allelic ratios of heterozygous SNPs in normal and T21 individuals were verified by t-test. RESULTS Analysis of the T21 APEX-2 assay results revealed that 90 SNPs were sufficient for reliable discrimination between T21 and euploid DNA samples (P≤0.05 for one or both strands). Using 134 clinical samples from cultured or uncultured fetal cells, both the sensitivity and the specificity of the assay were 100%. CONCLUSION Our study provides a proof of principle demonstration of the use of the modified APEX-2 assay as a new, fast and reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of fetal T21.
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First-trimester prenatal diagnosis performed on pregnant women with fetal ultrasound abnormalities: The reliability of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on mesenchymal core for the main aneuploidies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 149:143-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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