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Oukheda M, Bouaouda K, Mohtadi K, Lebrazi H, Derouiche A, Kettani A, Saile R, Taki H. Association between nutritional status, body composition, and fitness level of adolescents in physical education in Casablanca, Morocco. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1268369. [PMID: 38024348 PMCID: PMC10661314 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1268369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to analyze and compare dietary intake, as well as to examine the associations between energy intake in terms of macronutrients, body composition, and physical fitness (PF) specifically cardiorespiratory endurance (CE) among a sample of young adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, who participate in physical education and sports sessions in public schools in Casablanca, Morocco. Materials and methods A total of 311 participants, including 156 girls and 154 boys, were included in the study. Each participant maintained a food diary for 3 days during the same study week. Additionally, body composition measurements were taken using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The PF was assessed using the validated mini-Cooper test (6 min). Results The results show that the participants had an average total energy intake of 2386.7 ± 492.7 kcal. A significant difference was observed between boys and girls, with average energy intakes of 2468.8 ± 531.1 kcal and 2304.0 ± 437.0 kcal, respectively. These dietary intakes were significantly lower than their needs and nutritional recommendations. The associations of nutritional status, sex, body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness (PF) were tested and a positive correlation was observed following an adequate intake of carbohydrates (CHO) and proteins on Vo2max, while a negative association was observed with regard to Body fat for both sexes. Boys exhibit significantly better PF than girls (p < 0.01). Obese participants had the lowest PF and an unbalanced nutritional status, the adolescents with a normal weight p < 0.01 displayed a high level of PF compared to individuals in other weight categories. Conclusion The PF is significantly associated with macronutrient intake status and body composition, especially BMI and BF. The Underweight, overweight, and obese students demonstrated poorer performance in physical fitness indices compared to normal-weight. Adolescents adhering to recommended CHO and protein intake levels tend to exhibit enhanced physical fitness. Implementing strategies to encourage students to maintain a balanced diet and engage in regular physical exercise is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Oukheda
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khawla Bouaouda
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karima Mohtadi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Halima Lebrazi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah Derouiche
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anass Kettani
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Saile
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Taki
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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Clemente FM, Ramirez-Campillo R, Sarmento H, Praça GM, Afonso J, Silva AF, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Effects of Small-Sided Game Interventions on the Technical Execution and Tactical Behaviors of Young and Youth Team Sports Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:667041. [PMID: 34025529 PMCID: PMC8138063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Small-sided games (SSGs) are an adjusted form of official games that are often used in training scenarios to introduce a specific tactical issue to team sports players. Besides the acute effects of SSGs on players' performance, it is expectable that the consistent use of these drill-based games induces adaptations in the technical execution and tactical behaviors of youth team sports players. Objective: This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of SSG programs on the technical execution and tactical behaviors of young and youth team sports players. Data Sources: The data sources utilized were PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Study Eligibility Criteria: (i) Young and youth team sports players (i.e., < 18 years old) of any sex or skill level, without injury, illness, or other clinical conditions; (ii) SSGs-based programs not restricted to the duration and a minimum of one weekly training session; (iii) passive or active control groups; (iv) pre-post interventions values of technical execution and/or tactical behavior; (v) randomized and non-randomized controlled trials; and (vi) peer-reviewed original full-text studies written in English, Portuguese and/or Spanish. Results: The database search initially yielded 803 titles. From those, six articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. None of the included studies presented tactical behavior outcomes. The results showed a small effect of SSGs on technical execution (ES = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.89; p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0%; Egger's test p = 0.590) when compared to controls. Sub-group analysis of the training factor revealed similar (p = 0.433) moderate (ES = 0.68, four study groups) and small (ES = 0.44, three study groups) improvements in technical execution after >17 and <17 SSG training sessions, respectively. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant beneficial effect of using SSG training programs for enhancing technical execution in young and youth players. The benefits were similar despite the various numbers of training sessions applied. Further studies should add tactical behaviors as one of the outcomes for controlling the effects of SSG training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- N2i, Polytechnic Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal.,The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Formenti D, Rossi A, Bongiovanni T, Campa F, Cavaggioni L, Alberti G, Longo S, Trecroci A. Effects of Non-Sport-Specific Versus Sport-Specific Training on Physical Performance and Perceptual Response in Young Football Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041962. [PMID: 33670481 PMCID: PMC7922881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of non-sport-specific and sport-specific training methods on physical performance and perceptual response in young football players. Seventy-nine under 11 participants were selected and assigned to non-sport-specific (NSSG), sport-specific (SSG), and control (CNTG) groups. The NSSG training protocol consisted of combined stimuli based on balance, agility, and jump rope drills. The SSG training protocol included technical exercises, defensive and offensive game-based drills, and a small-sided game. The CNTG included the participants not taking part in any sport training. All participants were tested for general motor coordination (Harre test), dynamic balance (Lower Quarter Y-balance test), and dribbling before and after 10 weeks of training (NSSG and SSG) or habitual activity (CNTG). At post-intervention, perceived enjoyment was requested by the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). A two-way repeated measure analysis of covariance was used to detect interactions and main effects of time and groups controlling for baseline values. Whereas, a one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate PACES-related differences between groups. NSSG gained greater improvements (p < 0.05) compared with SSG in the Harre and Lower Quarter Y-balance tests, while dribbling skills improved similarly in both groups. Regarding PACES, NSSG and SSG presented a comparable perceived enjoyment. These findings suggest that a 10-week non-sport-specific training is an enjoyable practice capable to promote greater improvements in general motor coordination and dynamic balance compared with sport-specific training in youth football players. This can occur without impairment of football-specific skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesco Campa
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20149 Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefano Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
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Sannicandro I, Raiola G. Game based and multilateral approach in youth soccer training: a choice so that health and sporting targets can coexist. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1314-1315. [PMID: 33511821 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Italo Sannicandro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy -
| | - Gaetano Raiola
- Department of Human Science, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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