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Hu Y, Geng Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Huang C, Fan Z, Kong D. Research progress and application of liver organoids for disease modeling and regenerative therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:859-874. [PMID: 38802517 PMCID: PMC11213763 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ of the human body and has a high incidence of diseases. In recent years, the annual incidence of liver disease has increased, seriously endangering human life and health. The study of the occurrence and development mechanism of liver diseases, discovery of new therapeutic targets, and establishment of new methods of medical treatment are major issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood. The development of stable and effective research models is expected to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of liver diseases and the search for more effective treatment options. Organoid technology is a new in vitro culture system, and organoids constructed by human cells can simulate the morphological structure, gene expression, and glucose and lipid metabolism of organs in vivo, providing a new model for related research on liver diseases. This paper reviews the latest research progress on liver organoids from the establishment of cell sources and application of liver organoids and discusses their application potential in the field of liver disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Angioenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Angioenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuyue Huang
- Department of Angioenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Angioenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Caputo F, Penitenti F, Bergonzoni B, Lungaro L, Costanzini A, Caio G, DE Giorgio R, Ambrosio MR, Zoli G, Testino G. Alcohol use disorders and liver fibrosis: an update. Minerva Med 2024; 115:354-363. [PMID: 38727709 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.24.09203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is currently, worldwide, the second most common cause of human fatalities every year. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) lead to 80% of hepatotoxic deaths, and about 40% of cases of cirrhosis are alcohol-related. An acceptable daily intake (ADI) of ethanol is hard to establish and studies somewhat controversially recommend a variety of dosages of ADI, whilst others regard any intake as dangerous. Steatohepatitis should be viewed as "the rate limiting step": generally, it can be overcome by abstinence, although in some patients, abstinence has little effect, with the risk of fibrosis, leading in some cases to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic alcoholism can also cause hypercortisolism, specifically pseudo-Cushing Syndrome, whose diagnosis is challenging. If fibrosis is spotted early, patients may be enrolled in detoxification programs to achieve abstinence. Treatment drugs include silybin, metadoxine and adenosyl methionine. Nutrition and the proper use of micronutrients are important, albeit often overlooked in ALD treatment. Other drugs, with promising antifibrotic effects, are now being studied. This review deals with the clinical and pathogenetic aspects of alcohol-related liver fibrosis and suggests possible future strategies to prevent cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Caputo
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
- Department of Internal Medicine, SS. Annunziata Hospital, University of Ferrara, Cento, Ferrara, Italy -
| | - Francesco Penitenti
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bergonzoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, SS. Annunziata Hospital, University of Ferrara, Cento, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lisa Lungaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Caio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto DE Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria R Ambrosio
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zoli
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, SS. Annunziata Hospital, University of Ferrara, Cento, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, ASL3, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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Balbinot P, Pellicano R, Patussi V, Caputo F, Testino G. Alcohol use disorders, self-help groups as a supplement to pharmacological and psychological therapy? A retrospective study in a population with alcohol related liver disease. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:479-485. [PMID: 36255286 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the new criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-V), the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is 20-30% in men and 10-15% in women worldwide.2,3 The anticraving therapy/psychotherapy combination is currently used routinely in clinical practice. However, the results after one year are unsatisfactory. Meta-analytic studies found failure rates of 57 to 75%. These percentages vary in relation to the intensity and length of the treatment. In addition, the abstinence rates gradually decrease over time. In this study, the clinical outcome of alcohol related liver disease (ALD) patients who spontaneously attended self-help groups (SHGs) (club of alcoholics in treatment - multi-family community/ alcoholics anonymous) regularly versus those who did not want to start the path or did not complete it was evaluated. METHODS From January 2005 to December 2010, 1337 alcohol use disorder patients affected by compensated alcohol related liver disease, were prospectively followed and retrospectively assessed. Two hundred thirty-one patients were enrolled: 74 attended self-help groups assiduously, 27 attended sporadically and 130 refused participation in SHGs. RESULTS Constant attendance at SHGs compared to non-attendance allows for a significant increase (<0.0001) in the period of sobriety found in the median of distribution. Frequent attendance at SHGs is effectively "preventive," reducing the fraction of relapses by about 30%. The percentage of cases of cirrhosis is significantly different (P=0.0007) between those who have regularly attended SHG meetings (about 1% of patients) and those who have never attended or only occasionally (various percentages between 21 and 31% of patients); in both groups the incidence of new cases would seem to be 0.014 cases/ year. Similar difference in percentages regarding the onset of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), although with a lower level of significance (P=0.017) among those who attended regularly, 4% of patients with an incidence of 0.006 cases/ year, compared to those who have never attended or only occasionally: over 14% of patients with an incidence of 0.022 cases/year. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the importance of attending SHGs not only for the long-term achievement of alcoholic abstention, but also in positively influencing the course of alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Balbinot
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Center, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
- Mutual-Self-Help Study Center, Community Programs and Caregiver Training, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy -
| | | | - Fabio Caputo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Center, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
- Mutual-Self-Help Study Center, Community Programs and Caregiver Training, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
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Balbinot P, Bottaro CL, Gandolfo N, Pellicano R, Testino G. Alcohol use disorder identification test renamed Glu-Glu Test in an area of north-west of Italy: preliminary descriptive results. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:517-522. [PMID: 35904474 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first two causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are alcoholic and dysmetabolic. In the early stages alcohol related liver disease (ALD) is silent. For this reason, more efforts should be made to identify early individuals with hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption (AC). Alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) is a validated test. METHODS ASL3 (Ligurian Local Health Company 3) has included the AUDIT renamed Glu-Glu Test on its institutional website dedicated to citizens. The renaming was carried out to bring citizens closer to the test with greater ease, especially younger citizens. At the end of the compilation of the test, the calculator provides the citizen with his score: in relation to his possible risk band, provides him with the appropriate advice. In case of a score higher than 7, ultrasonography and elastography (2D-SWE) are proposed. RESULTS From December 15, 2021, to July 15, 2022, 270 asymptomatic subjects requested a medical examination autonomously, without the indication of a health worker. In 167 patients the score found hazardous AC, in 65 harmful AC and in 38 alcohol addiction. In case of hazardous AC, fibrosis grade 1-2 was evidenced in 16.7%, fibrosis grade 3 in 4.8% and fibrosis grade 4 in 3.6% of subjects. In case of harmful AC fibrosis grade 1-2 was evidenced in 37%, grade 3 in 9%, grade 4 in 6%. In this group an HCC nodule was diagnosed. In case of alcohol addiction, fibrosis grade 1-2 was evidenced in 73.6%, grade 3 in 10.5% and grade 4 in 10.5%. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary experience clearly tells us that it is possible to make an early diagnosis of fibrosis and HCC starting from the AC reported autonomously by citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Balbinot
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Center, ASL3 Liguria, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Mutual-Self-Help, Community Programs and Caregiver Training Center, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Center, ASL3 Liguria, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Mutual-Self-Help, Community Programs and Caregiver Training Center, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
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Testino G, Pellicano R. Corrected and republished from: Metabolic associated liver disease. Panminerva Med 2023; 65:391-399. [PMID: 37750860 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.23.04850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption (AC) and metabolic syndrome (MS) represent the first cause of liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. The habit of consuming alcoholic beverages and the presence of MS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often coexist in the same patient. The histoclinical boundaries between alcohol related liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD are often not well defined. The co-presence of AC and MS increases the risk of hepatic and extra-hepatic disease. The terminological evolution from NAFLD to metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is certainly a useful advance. However, it is known that the appearance of liver fibrosis increases oncologic and cardiovascular disease risk, which in the case of cirrhosis can be present even in the absence of steatosis and that the mechanisms of fibrogenesis can act independently of the presence of steatosis/steatohepatitis. For this reason, as already stated recently, a further terminological evolution can be hypothesized. This article was originally published with mistakes in the text. The new corrected citable version appears below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology/Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette-SGAS Hospital, Turin, Italy, Corrected and republished from: Panminerva Medica 2022 December
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Ding S, Jiang J, Zhang G, Yu M, Zheng Y. Ambient particulate matter exposure plus chronic ethanol ingestion exacerbates hepatic fibrosis by triggering the mitochondrial ROS-ferroptosis signaling pathway in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114897. [PMID: 37043943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol ingestion causes persistent oxidative stresses in the liver, leading to hepatic injury and fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, ambient particulate matter (PM) has been confirmed to aggravate high-fat diet-induced liver fibrosis by enhancing oxidative stress. Thus, we hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by ambient PM exposure increases the severity of liver fibrosis caused by ethanol ingestion. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to ambient PM inhalation, ethanol ingestion or ambient PM-plus-ethanol ingestion for 12 weeks. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MtROS), liver fibrosis and ferroptosis indicators in the liver were evaluated. In vitro, oxidative stress, MtROS, ferroptosis indicators, profibrotic molecules and fibrosis markers in hepatic stellate (LX-2) cells were also determined. We found that ethanol ingestion markedly elevated hepatic oxidative stress and MtROS levels, triggered hepatic ferroptosis, and induced liver fibrosis, along with upregulation of the profibrotic molecule TGF-β1 and fibrosis marker collagen-I, in mice. Moreover, the combination of ambient PM and ethanol accelerated these adverse effects. Importantly, the combination of PM exposure and ethanol ingestion had a synergistic effect on these changes. In vitro, LX-2 cells activated with PM2.5 alone or combined with ethanol showed upregulation of TGF-β1 and collagen-I. In addition, the levels of MtROS, the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and ferroptosis-related proteins and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly increased in PM2.5 plus ethanol-treated LX-2 cells. After pretreatment with a MtROS scavenger (Mito-TEMPO), we found that Mito-TEMPO treatment inhibited ferroptosis and oxidative stress in PM2.5 plus ethanol-treated LX-2 cells. Furthermore, a specific ferroptosis inhibitor (Fer-1) decreased the levels of ferroptosis-related proteins and profibrotic molecules in activated LX-2 cells co-exposed to PM2.5 and ethanol. CONCLUSION In this study, we revealed that ambient PM exposure induced profibrotic effects and that combined exposure to ambient PM and chronic ethanol ingestion exacerbated hepatic fibrosis, which may trigger ferroptosis by increasing MtROS, thereby activating hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Ding
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Min Yu
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Wang SJ, Ye W, Li WY, Tian W, Zhang M, Sun Y, Feng YD, Liu CX, Liu SY, Cao W, Meng JR, Li XQ. Effects and mechanisms of Xiaochaihu Tang against liver fibrosis: An integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116053. [PMID: 36529247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver fibrosis is a potentially harmful chronic liver disease caused by various etiologies. There is currently no specific drug for liver fibrosis. Xiaochaihu Tang (XCHT) is a traditional formula combined of seven herbs, which was first recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases in Han Dynasty of ancient China. It is widely used in clinic to hepatic protection, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory treatment. And it has been recommended for treating chronic hepatitis and chronic cholecystitis in the latest guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis with integrated traditional and western medicine. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of XCHT on liver fibrosis and its underlying molecular mechanisms from the perspective of network pharmacology and experimental research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced and bile duct ligation (BDL) induced liver fibrosis models in mice were established to evaluate the anti-fibrosis effects of XCHT in vivo. Potential anti-fibrosis targets of XCHT were screened via network establishment. The underlying mechanisms were uncovered through GO and pathway enrichment analysis. Then, the core targets were identified from protein-protein interaction network by means of the Cytohubba plug-in of Cytoscape. Furthermore, two effective monomer components of XCHT were recognized by molecular docking. Moreover, the predicted components and pathways were verified by in vitro experiments. RESULTS When treated with XCHT, liver fibrosis was alleviated in both mice models, showing as the improvement of liver function, the protection of hepatocytes, the inhibition of HSC activation and the reduction of hepatic collagen accumulation. 540 monomer components, 300 therapeutic targets, 109 signaling pathways, 246 GO biological processes, 77 GO cellular components, 107 GO molecular functions items and core targets were identified by network analysis. Then, 6-gingerol and baicalein were identified as the core components of anti-fibrosis effects of XCHT via leptin or Nrf2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the experiment in vitro also validated the results. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests XCHT could alleviate liver fibrosis through multi-targets and multi-pathways; 6-gingerol and baicalein are its core components which may play an important role via leptin or Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ying-Da Feng
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jing-Ru Meng
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Qin Medicine R&D of the Shaanxi Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Luo S, Yang Y, Zhao T, Zhang R, Fang C, Li Y, Zhang Z, Gong T. Albumin-Based Silibinin Nanocrystals Targeting Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells for Liver Fibrosis Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7747-7758. [PMID: 36719351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are critical during the development and progression of liver fibrosis. Once liver fibrosis occurs, aHSCs highly express secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a typical albumin-binding protein. We designed a nano platform, silibinin albumin nanocrystals (SLB-HSA NCs), to target aHSCs for liver fibrosis therapy. The prepared SLB-HSA NCs showed uniform particle size distribution of approximately 60 nm with PDI < 0.15 and high loading efficiency up to 49.4%. Albumin coated on the surface of nanocrystals was demonstrated to increase cellular uptake by aHSCs through SPARC-mediated endocytosis. In addition, SLB-HSA NCs significantly improved the bioavailability compared with free SLB in pharmacokinetic study. Following tail-vein injection, SLB-HSA NCs were massively accumulated in the fibrotic liver and exhibited enhanced antifibrotic effects in hepatic fibrosis mice. Overall, our findings prove the great potential of SLB-HSA NCs in the targeted treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Changlong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Yan Li
- Sichuan Institute for Drug Control NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Chengdu611731, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
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Ren A, He W, Rao J, Ye D, Cheng P, Jian Q, Fu Z, Zhang X, Deng R, Gao Y, Ma Y. Dysregulation of innate cell types in the hepatic immune microenvironment of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1034356. [PMID: 36845083 PMCID: PMC9947838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1034356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The risk of alcoholic cirrhosis increases in a dose- and time-dependent manner with alcohol consumption and ethanol metabolism in the liver. Currently, no effective antifibrotic therapies are available. We aimed to obtain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. Methods We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing to analyze immune cells from the liver tissue and peripheral blood form patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and healthy controls to profile the transcriptomes of more than 100,000 single human cells and yield molecular definitions for non-parenchymal cell types. In addition, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to reveal the immune microenvironment related to alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Hematoxylin and eosin, Immunofluorescence staining and Flow cytometric analysis were employed to study the difference between tissues and cells with or without alcoholic cirrhosis. Results We identified a fibrosis-associated M1 subpopulation of macrophages that expands in liver fibrosis, differentiates from circulating monocytes, and is pro-fibrogenic. We also define mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that expand in alcoholic cirrhosis and are topographically restricted to the fibrotic niche. Multilineage modeling of ligand and receptor interactions between the fibrosis-associated macrophages, MAIT, and NK cells revealed the intra-fibrotic activity of several pro-fibrogenic pathways, including responses to cytokines and antigen processing and presentation, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cell adhesion molecules, Th1/Th2/Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Discussion Our work dissects unanticipated aspects of the cellular and molecular basis of human organ alcoholic fibrosis at the single-cell level and provides a conceptual framework for the discovery of rational therapeutic targets in liver alcoholic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Ren
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Rao
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Ye
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengrui Cheng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Jian
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongli Fu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuzhi Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghai Deng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifang Gao
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Testino G, Pellicano R. Metabolic associated liver disease. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:555-563. [PMID: 36533665 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.22.04730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In real practice the patient with liver disease is often the carrier of multiple etiological factors such as metabolic syndrome (MS) and alcohol consumption (AC). Their copresence is often underestimated and AC is not adequately studied. Traditionally to diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), AC must not exceed 30 gr for men and 20 gr for women per day. This limit should still be reduced, especially in relation to the AC and fibrogenesis ratio and also frequent misestimation of AC or unrecognized MS may underestimate multi caused liver injury. AC is a contributing cause of MS and alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease have a substantially overlapping histopathological picture. Moreover, AC and MS are cause and contributing cause of extra-hepatic morbidity and mortality. It can be concluded that the possible simplification of terminology at metabolic associated liver disease (MALD) makes clinical activity more usable and immediate, facilitates better communication and cooperation between scientific societies and specialists who apparently deal with different medical sectors, facilitates early identification of related hepatic and extra-hepatic pathology, allows to "see the person in a unitary way," to create more streamlined care pathways, to reduce the hospitalization rate with relative cost-benefit advantage and to create unitary prevention and health promotion policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology/Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
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11
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Belcaro G, Cox DM, Cesarone MR, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Scipione C, Scipione V, Dugall M, Hu S, Corsi M, Feragalli B, Cotellese R. Effects of Robuvit® on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:434-441. [PMID: 36507829 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Robuvit® in preventing the progression of chronic hepatitis (CH) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease, from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS One group of patients followed the Standard management (SM) and were assigned as controls while the supplementation group followed the SM and additionally took 2 Robuvit® capsules daily for 3 months (200 mg/day). RESULTS 34 subjects with NAFLD were included in the study. The two groups completing 90 days were comparable at baseline with 18 being supplemented with Robuvit® and 16 in the control group. The tolerability was very good, and no side effects were observed with the supplement. Fasting glucose levels were significantly lower after 3 months with Robuvit® (P<0.05) compared to controls. The increased serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (AST), considered the key metabolic value in these patients, decreased significantly with Robuvit® (P<0.05) compared to controls. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT) also decreased significantly with the supplement compared to controls (P<0.05). Platelet count and albumin levels improved significantly with Robuvit® (P<0.05) in comparison to standard management. No other significant changes were observed. The APRI score (the AST/platelet ratio index) was also decreased with the supplementation compared to controls (P<0.05). A high APRI score provides an estimate of the possibility of the liver to develop fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. After Robuvit® supplementation, the ultrasound characterization showed a significant decrease in the size of the liver in association with a lower echogenicity, which represents less fibrotic changes due to collagen accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Robuvit® improved liver function in NAFLD and prevented progression to liver fibrosis by improving hepatic metabolism in a relatively short period of time. Numerous people are affected by NAFLD, many of them with subclinical symptoms. But to date, there are no specific, definite treatment options. Prolonged evaluations of Robuvit® in a larger group of subjects is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Belcaro
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy -
| | - David M Cox
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - M Rosaria Cesarone
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gizzi
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Luciano Pellegrini
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Claudia Scipione
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Valeria Scipione
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Mark Dugall
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Shu Hu
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Marcello Corsi
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cotellese
- Dept.SMO-Biotec, Chieti University, Italy.,Outpatients Vascular Surgery, School of General Surgery, Ch-Pe University, Pescara, Italy
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12
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Chen Y, Liu H, Yu Z, Yang Y, Huang Q, Deng C, Rao H, Wu H. ALDH2 Polymorphism rs671 *1/*2 Genotype is a Risk Factor for the Development of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis in Hakka Alcoholics. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4067-4077. [PMID: 35450031 PMCID: PMC9017692 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s356761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholics are prone to alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is involved in alcohol metabolism. Herein, the relationship between ALDH2 genotypes and ALC was analyzed among Hakka alcoholics in southern China. Methods A total of 213 alcoholics and 214 non-alcoholics were included in the study. The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism was analyzed, life history, disease history, and auxiliary examination results of these participants were collected. Results The alcoholics had higher level of total serum protein, and serum globulin, lower level of serum albumin, serum albumin/globulin ratio, serum prealbumin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) than non-alcoholics. In the 213 alcoholics, 180 developed ALC. There were 206 non-ALC persons in the 214 non-alcoholics. The proportion of the ALDH2 rs671 G/G homozygous (*1/*1) was significantly lower in ALC patients (83.3%) than that of other groups (100.0% in non-ALC in alcoholics, 95.6% in non-ALC in non-alcoholics), while the proportion of the G/A heterozygous (*1/*2) was significantly higher in ALC patients (16.7%) than that of other groups (0% in non-ALC in alcoholics, 4.4% in non-ALC in non-alcoholics). Logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with low level of NLR (adjusted OR 5.543, 95% CI 2.964–10.368, P<0.001), LMR (adjusted OR 9.256, 95% CI 4.740–18.076, P<0.001), and PLR (adjusted OR 6.047, 95% CI 3.372–10.845, P<0.001), and ALDH2 G/A genotype (adjusted OR 6.323, 95% CI 2.477–16.140, P<0.001) had a significantly higher risk of ALC. Conclusion ALDH2 polymorphism rs671 *1/*2 genotype is a potential risk factor for the development of ALC among Hakka alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Heming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
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Huang T, Li YQX, Zhou MY, Hu RH, Zou GL, Li JC, Feng S, Liu YM, Xin CQ, Zhao XK. Focal adhesion kinase-related non-kinase ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis via the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:123-139. [PMID: 35125823 PMCID: PMC8793014 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development. HSCs perform aerobic glycolysis to provide energy for their activation. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promotes aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells or fibroblasts, while FAK-related non-kinase (FRNK) inhibits FAK phosphorylation and biological functions.
AIM To elucidate the effect of FRNK on liver fibrosis at the level of aerobic glycolytic metabolism in HSCs.
METHODS Mouse liver fibrosis models were established by administering CCl4, and the effect of FRNK on the degree of liver fibrosis in the model was evaluated. Transforming growth factor-β1 was used to activate LX-2 cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation at position 397 (pY397-FAK) was detected to identify activated FAK, and the expression of the glycolysis-related proteins monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) and enolase1 (ENO1) was assessed. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict putative binding sites for c-myc in the ENO1 promoter region, which were validated with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays.
RESULTS The pY397-FAK level was increased in human fibrotic liver tissue. FRNK knockout promoted liver fibrosis in mouse models. It also increased the activation, migration, proliferation and aerobic glycolysis of primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) but inhibited pHSC apoptosis. Nevertheless, opposite trends for these phenomena were observed after exogenous FRNK treatment in LX-2 cells. Mechanistically, the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway promoted aerobic glycolysis, which was inhibited by exogenous FRNK.
CONCLUSION FRNK inhibits aerobic glycolysis in HSCs by inhibiting the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ ENO1 pathway, thereby improving liver fibrosis. FRNK might be a potential target for liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan-Qing-Xiao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming-Yu Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui-Han Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Gao-Liang Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian-Chao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chang-Qin Xin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People’s Hospital of Weining Yi, Hui and Miao Autonomous County, Weining 553100, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
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Dong RJ, Yang HS, Li J, Wang RR, Wang L, Li YY. Giant Spider Angioma Following Cirrhosis in HIV-Infected Individuals. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:347-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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15
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The Hepatic Sinusoid in Chronic Liver Disease: The Optimal Milieu for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225719. [PMID: 34830874 PMCID: PMC8616349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the development of chronic liver disease, the hepatic sinusoid undergoes major changes that further compromise the hepatic function, inducing persistent inflammation and the formation of scar tissue, together with alterations in liver hemodynamics. This diseased background may induce the formation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most common form of primary liver cancer and a major cause of mortality. In this review, we describe the ways in which the dysregulation of hepatic sinusoidal cells—including liver sinusoidal cells, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells—may have an important role in the development of HCC. Our review summarizes all of the known sinusoidal processes in both health and disease, and possible treatments focusing on the dysregulation of the sinusoid; finally, we discuss how some of these alterations occurring during chronic injury are shared with the pathology of HCC and may contribute to its development. Abstract The liver sinusoids are a unique type of microvascular beds. The specialized phenotype of sinusoidal cells is essential for their communication, and for the function of all hepatic cell types, including hepatocytes. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) conform the inner layer of the sinusoids, which is permeable due to the fenestrae across the cytoplasm; hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) surround LSECs, regulate the vascular tone, and synthetize the extracellular matrix, and Kupffer cells (KCs) are the liver-resident macrophages. Upon injury, the harmonic equilibrium in sinusoidal communication is disrupted, leading to phenotypic alterations that may affect the function of the whole liver if the damage persists. Understanding how the specialized sinusoidal cells work in coordination with each other in healthy livers and chronic liver disease is of the utmost importance for the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the design of novel pharmacological strategies. In this manuscript, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of sinusoidal cells and their communication both in health and chronic liver diseases, and their potential pharmacologic modulation. Finally, we discuss how alterations occurring during chronic injury may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is usually developed in the background of chronic liver disease.
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Testino G, DI Biagio A, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R. SARS-CoV-2, alcohol consumption and liver injury. Minerva Med 2021; 113:333-342. [PMID: 34672164 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the disease called Covid-19 are present in the liver, especially in correspondence with cholangiocytes. Liver damage during SARS-Cov-2 infection can be due to several mechanism including direct cytopathic effect, synergy of intestinal damage / liver damage (lipopolysaccharides / Kupfer and other cells interaction), uncontrolled immune reaction (lymphopenia and significant increase in C reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, interleukin (IL)-6, IL- 10, IL-2, interferon-gamma ...), sepsis, drug-induced liver injury, hypoxia and thromboembolic events. An increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from 14 to 58% and alanine transaminase (ALT) from 21 to 76% has been reported. The mean level of AST and ALT has been reported to be higher in patients admitted to the intensive care unit than in those hospitalized in the ordinary hospital unit. The correlation of liver damage with worse prognosis is now a known fact, confirmed by numerous studies, in all pandemic phases. The consumption of alcohol reduces both innate and acquired immune activity and it has been hypothesized that this habit is correlated with liver increase of ACE2 receptors. Furthermore, non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatosis / steatohepatitis is a breeding ground for the development of oxidative stress. In this context, any encounter with SARS-Cov-2 infection can support and aggravate the systemic cytokine tsunami.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Addiction and Hepatology Unit, Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 Liguria c/o Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy -
| | - Antonio DI Biagio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Genoa and Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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17
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Testino G. Shear wave elastography for characterization of focal liver lesions in alcohol related liver disease. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:231-232. [PMID: 34278754 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology/ Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy -
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18
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Zeng D, Huang Q, Yu Z, Wu H. Association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene rs671 G>A polymorphism and alcoholic liver cirrhosis in southern Chinese Hakka population. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23855. [PMID: 34033144 PMCID: PMC8274999 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) endangering people's health. The association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphisms and ALC is not clear. To analyze the relationship between ALDH2 and ALC among Hakka population in southern China. METHODS A total of 292 ALC patients and 278 controls were included in the study. The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-gene chip. Relevant information and medical records of these participants were collected. RESULTS The ALC patients had higher percentage of smoking, lower prevalence of hypertension, higher level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (Tbil), and direct bilirubin (Dbil), lower level of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) than controls. The proportions of the G/A genotype (p = 0.017), G/A plus A/A genotype (p = 0.023) and A allele (p = 0.031) were significantly higher in ALC patients than that of controls. ALC patients with G/A genotype had higher TC, HDL-C, and Apo-A1 than those with G/G genotype, while with A allele had higher HDL-C, and Apo-A1 than those with G allele. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ALDH2 SNP rs671 G/A plus A/A genotypes (A allele carriers) (OR 2.030, 95% CI 1.109-3.715, p = 0.022) in the dominant model was the risk factor for ALC. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 A allele (G/A + A/A genotypes) increased the risk of developing ALC among Hakka people in southern China. The results should enrich the relevant data and provide valuable information for the future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Zeng
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka PopulationMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody TherapeuticsMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka PopulationMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody TherapeuticsMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
- Center for Precision MedicineMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka PopulationMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody TherapeuticsMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
- Center for Precision MedicineMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
| | - Heming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka PopulationMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody TherapeuticsMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
- Center for Precision MedicineMeizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital)Meizhou Academy of Medical SciencesMeizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‐sen UniversityMeizhouChina
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19
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Bao YL, Wang L, Pan HT, Zhang TR, Chen YH, Xu SJ, Mao XL, Li SW. Animal and Organoid Models of Liver Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:666138. [PMID: 34122138 PMCID: PMC8187919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.666138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis refers to the process underlying the development of chronic liver diseases, wherein liver cells are repeatedly destroyed and regenerated, which leads to an excessive deposition and abnormal distribution of the extracellular matrix such as collagen, glycoprotein and proteoglycan in the liver. Liver fibrosis thus constitutes the pathological repair response of the liver to chronic injury. Hepatic fibrosis is a key step in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis and an important factor affecting the prognosis of chronic liver disease. Further development of liver fibrosis may lead to structural disorders of the liver, nodular regeneration of hepatocytes and the formation of cirrhosis. Hepatic fibrosis is histologically reversible if treated aggressively during this period, but when fibrosis progresses to the stage of cirrhosis, reversal is very difficult, resulting in a poor prognosis. There are many causes of liver fibrosis, including liver injury caused by drugs, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver, fatty liver and autoimmune disease. The mechanism underlying hepatic fibrosis differs among etiologies. The establishment of an appropriate animal model of liver fibrosis is not only an important basis for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis but also an important means for clinical experts to select drugs for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. The present study focused on the modeling methods and fibrosis characteristics of different animal models of liver fibrosis, such as a chemical-induced liver fibrosis model, autoimmune liver fibrosis model, cholestatic liver fibrosis model, alcoholic liver fibrosis model and non-alcoholic liver fibrosis model. In addition, we also summarize the research and application prospects concerning new organoids in liver fibrosis models proposed in recent years. A suitable animal model of liver fibrosis and organoid fibrosis model that closely resemble the physiological state of the human body will provide bases for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the development of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Bao
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Ting Pan
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tai-Ran Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shan-Jing Xu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Chian
| | - Xin-Li Mao
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Chian.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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20
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Testino G, Balbinot P, Pellicano R. Substances use disorders and liver injury: a concise review. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:269-276. [PMID: 33971710 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are often associated with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and psychiatric comorbidities. In addition, they are often subjected to polytherapy. For these reasons SUDs patients are at greater risk of developing liver disease. In this concise review, liver damage from amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine and opioids is analyzed and the need to identify a possible associated alcohol use disorder is also suggested. Early identification of liver fibrosis is required in SUDs patients. Fibrosis is the most significant predictor of both prognosis and long-term survival. Its identification helps to promote the abstention from substances and alcohol. Active use of heroin, cocaine and synthetic substances is an absolute controindication for liver transplantation. In cases of remission and adherence to a significant care path, the patient is reevaluated. An addiction specialist should be present within the transplant team. If this is not present, a close collaboration with an addiction unit is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Patrizia Balbinot
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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21
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Testino G, Fagoonee S, Balbinot P, Pellicano R. Alcohol-related liver disease in patients admitted to intensive care unit: how to define alcohol consumption? Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:559. [PMID: 33651962 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1891455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre; ASL3 c/o San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Balbinot
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre; ASL3 c/o San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
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22
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Testino G, Pellicano R. Liver stiffness: a motivational tool for achieving alcohol abstention in alcohol use disorder patients? Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 67:299-300. [PMID: 33793151 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
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23
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Testino G, Fagoonee S, Caputo F, Pellicano R. The early identification of alcohol use disorders and liver injury: proposal for a diagnostic algorithm. Panminerva Med 2021; 63:361-367. [PMID: 33494566 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy - .,Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA), Bologna, Italy -
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Caputo
- Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA), Bologna, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, Cento Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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24
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ROSSO C, CAVIGLIA GP, ARMANDI A, ABATE ML, OLIVERO A, RIBALDONE DG, PELLICANO R, SARACCO GM, BUGIANESI E. Performance of cytokeratin-18 apoptotic fragment for the identification of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: a meta-analysis. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Wang W, Huang X, Fan X, Yan J, Luan J. Progress in evaluating the status of hepatitis C infection based on the functional changes of hepatic stellate cells (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4116-4124. [PMID: 33000255 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the main causes of death in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Liver fibrosis is an important cause of cirrhosis and end‑stage liver disease after CHC infection. Along with the course of infection, liver fibrosis exhibits a progressive exacerbation. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are involved in both physiological and pathological processes of the liver. During the chronic liver injury process, the activated HSCs transform into myofibroblasts, which are important cells in the development of liver fibrosis. At present, HCV infection still lacks specific markers for the accurate detection of the disease condition and progression. Therefore, the present review focused on HSCs, which are closely related to HCV‑infected liver fibrosis, and analyzed the changes in the HSCs, including their surface‑specific markers, cytokine production, activation, cell function and morphological structure. The present review aimed to propose novel diagnostic markers, at both the cellular and molecular level, which would be of great significance for the timely diagnosis of the disease. According to this aim, the characteristic changes of HSCs during HCV infection were reviewed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xuzhou Fan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jingmei Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Luan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Rosso C, Caviglia GP, Younes R, Ribaldone DG, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Bugianesi E. Molecular mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Testino G, Fagoonee S. Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: liver disease a prognostic tool? Panminerva Med 2020; 63:553-554. [PMID: 32414233 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.03947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre - Ligurian Region - gianni.testinosanmartino.it
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29
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Testino G, Pellicano R. Alcohol and breast cancer: a warning for gynecologists. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 2020; 72:61-63. [PMID: 32186168 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.20.04521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Center, ASL3, San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
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30
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Non-Alcoholic Cirrhosis and Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Mini-Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56030116. [PMID: 32151106 PMCID: PMC7143026 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cirrhosis is a liver disease that causes about one million deaths annually worldwide. The estimated cirrhosis prevalence ranges from 4.5–9.5% in the general population. Up to 40% of cirrhotic patients are asymptomatic and may be diagnosed late. Studies have described the importance of the functions of the liver and autonomic nervous system (ANS) and their relationship. There is limited information available on non-alcoholic cirrhosis and heart rate variability (HRV), which is a measure of the ANS. This study aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation through HRV in non-alcoholic cirrhosis individuals reported in previous observational and clinical trial studies. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement using the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. Five studies were identified and reviewed. Results: HRV was decreased in patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis, even in the first stage. Conclusions: HRV could be used as a complementary method to improve both the diagnosis and prognosis of non-alcoholic cirrhosis.
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31
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Cernigliaro V, Peluso R, Zedda B, Silengo L, Tolosano E, Pellicano R, Altruda F, Fagoonee S. Evolving Cell-Based and Cell-Free Clinical Strategies for Treating Severe Human Liver Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E386. [PMID: 32046114 PMCID: PMC7072646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases represent a major global health issue, and currently, liver transplantation is the only viable alternative to reduce mortality rates in patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, scarcity of donor organs and risk of recidivism requiring a re-transplantation remain major obstacles. Hence, much hope has turned towards cell-based therapy. Hepatocyte-like cells obtained from embryonic stem cells or adult stem cells bearing multipotent or pluripotent characteristics, as well as cell-based systems, such as organoids, bio-artificial liver devices, bioscaffolds and organ printing are indeed promising. New approaches based on extracellular vesicles are also being investigated as cell substitutes. Extracellular vesicles, through the transfer of bioactive molecules, can modulate liver regeneration and restore hepatic function. This review provides an update on the current state-of-art cell-based and cell-free strategies as alternatives to liver transplantation for patients with end-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cernigliaro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.C.); (R.P.); (B.Z.)
- Maria Pia Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Rossella Peluso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.C.); (R.P.); (B.Z.)
- Maria Pia Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zedda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.C.); (R.P.); (B.Z.)
- Maria Pia Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Departmet of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Departmet of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.S.); (E.T.)
| | | | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Departmet of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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32
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Suciu A, Abenavoli L, Pellicano R, Luzza F, Dumitrascu DL. Transaminases: oldies but goldies. A narrative review. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2020; 66:246-251. [PMID: 31994373 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.20.02660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, patients are tested for acute and chronic diseases using a series of basic blood assays. The most common liver tests are serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), also called transaminases. These tests are indicators of hepatocellular injury and their increase requires further investigations. The aim of this descriptive review is to highlight and remind the importance of liver transaminases in daily practice. A systematic literature search of the main international databases was performed. We looked for papers that involved transaminases, either in the normal range or in case of increased level and focused on their use in clinical practice. A narrative review of this topic was written. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the presence of an elevated ALT was associated with increased liver-related mortality. The normal ALT level ranges from 29 to 33 IU/L in males and 19 to 25 IU/L in females. The investigations imposed by a high level of transaminases includes testing for viral hepatitis A, B, C and E, assessment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, screening for autoimmune hepatitis, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Hepatotoxic drugs consumption also should be excluded. Furthermore, the utility of transaminases is evident in the assessment of the outcome after treatment of each specific liver disease. Beside the role in the first diagnostic step of liver injuries, the utility of liver transaminases is also maintained during the follow-up of liver diseases and in their prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Suciu
- Second Medical Department, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Second Medical Department, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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34
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Testino G, Leone S, Balbinot P, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R. Inflammatory bowel disease and alcohol consumption. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2019; 65. [DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Alcohological Regional Center of Liguria, ASL3 Liguria, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Silvia Leone
- Alcohological Regional Center of Liguria, ASL3 Liguria, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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36
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Testino G, Balbinot P, Pellicano R. Alcohology: a medical specialization in real practice. Minerva Med 2019; 110:185-187. [PMID: 30784246 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.05954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Alcohological Regional Centre, Ligurian Region, ASL3 c/o San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Patrizia Balbinot
- Alcohological Regional Centre, Ligurian Region, ASL3 c/o San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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