1
|
Biçer GY, Yılmaz Öztorun Z, Biçer KE, Zor KR. Analysis of pupillary responses in pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:2625-2632. [PMID: 38416236 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on pupillary responses in the pediatric population. METHODS The study was conducted using data from the right eyes of 52 children with vitamin D deficiency and 52 healthy children. Measurements were taken under static and dynamic conditions with automatic pupillometry. Static measurements were performed at scotopic, mesopic, and photopic light intensities. The mean pupil dilation speed was calculated by observing the changes in pupil dilation over time according to dynamic measurements. Differences between patient and control groups were analyzed for the static and dynamic measurements and the mean pupil dilation speed. RESULTS While the two groups were similar in terms of scotopic, mesopic, the first dynamic measurements, and the pupil dilation speed data (p > 0.05), a significant difference was found in the photopic conditions (p = 0.001). The mean pupil diameter of the patient group was 4.46 ± 0.928 mm and 3.95 ± 0.556 mm in the control group under photopic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency have significantly larger pupil diameters in photopic conditions than healthy children. These results suggest that there is an autonomic dysfunction in vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population, especially pointing to the parasympathetic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yıldırım Biçer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University School of Medicine, Bor Yolu, Nigde, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Yılmaz Öztorun
- Department of Pediatrics, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University School of Medicine, Bor Yolu, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Kadir Eren Biçer
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Niğde Education and Research Hospital, Kumluca, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Kürşad Ramazan Zor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University School of Medicine, Bor Yolu, Nigde, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi L, Jin DN, Cao XJ, Liu H, Gu WJ, Zhang M, Lu Q. Assessment of sedation by automated pupillometry in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:877-885. [PMID: 38429209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative measurement of pupil change has not been assessed against the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) and spectral edge frequency (SEF) during sedation. The aim of this study was to evaluate pupillometry against these measures in sedated critically ill adult patients. METHODS In ventilated and sedated patients, pupillary variables were measured by automated pupillometry at each RASS level from -5 to 0 after discontinuation of hypnotics, while processed electroencephalogram variables were displayed continuously and SEF was recorded at each RASS level. Correlations were made between percentage pupillary light reflex (%PLR) and RASS, and between %PLR and SEF. The ability of %PLR to differentiate light sedation (RASS ≥-2), moderate (RASS =-3), and deep sedation (RASS ≤-4) was assessed by areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A total of 163 paired measurements were recorded in 38 patients. With decreasing sedation depth, median %PLR increased progressively from 20% (interquartile range 17-25%) to 36% (interquartile range 33-40%) (P<0.001). Strong correlations were found between %PLR and RASS (Rho=0.635) and between %PLR and SEF (R=0.641). Area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 with a %PLR threshold of 28% differentiated moderate/light sedation from deep sedation with sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 83%. An AUC of 0.82 with a threshold of 31% distinguished light sedation from moderate/deep sedation with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 75%. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative assessment of %PLR correlates with other indicators of sedation depth in critically ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Emergency Department, The State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Ni Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia-Jing Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vrettou CS, Fragkou PC, Mallios I, Barba C, Giannopoulos C, Gavrielatou E, Dimopoulou I. The Role of Automated Infrared Pupillometry in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:614. [PMID: 38276120 PMCID: PMC10817296 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pupillometry, an integral component of neurological examination, serves to evaluate both pupil size and reactivity. The conventional manual assessment exhibits inherent limitations, thereby necessitating the development of portable automated infrared pupillometers (PAIPs). Leveraging infrared technology, these devices provide an objective assessment, proving valuable in the context of brain injury for the detection of neuro-worsening and the facilitation of patient monitoring. In cases of mild brain trauma particularly, traditional methods face constraints. Conversely, in severe brain trauma scenarios, PAIPs contribute to neuro-prognostication and non-invasive neuromonitoring. Parameters derived from PAIPs exhibit correlations with changes in intracranial pressure. It is important to acknowledge, however, that PAIPs cannot replace invasive intracranial pressure monitoring while their widespread adoption awaits robust support from clinical studies. Ongoing research endeavors delve into the role of PAIPs in managing critical neuro-worsening in brain trauma patients, underscoring the non-invasive monitoring advantages while emphasizing the imperative for further clinical validation. Future advancements in this domain encompass sophisticated pupillary assessment tools and the integration of smartphone applications, emblematic of a continually evolving landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia S. Vrettou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece (I.D.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saju C, Barnes A, Kuramatsu JB, Marshall JL, Obinata H, Puccio AM, Yokobori S, Olson DM. Describing Anisocoria in Neurocritically Ill Patients. Am J Crit Care 2023; 32:402-409. [PMID: 37907374 DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2023558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anisocoria (unequal pupil size) has been defined using cut points ranging from greater than 0.3 mm to greater than 2.0 mm for absolute difference in pupil size. This study explored different pupil diameter cut points for assessing anisocoria as measured by quantitative pupillometry before and after light stimulus. METHODS An exploratory descriptive study of international registry data was performed. The first observations in patients with paired left and right quantitative pupillometry measurements were included. Measurements of pupil size before and after stimulus with a fixed light source were used to calculate anisocoria. RESULTS The sample included 5769 patients (mean [SD] age, 57.5 [17.6] years; female sex, 2558 patients [51.5%]; White race, 3669 patients [75.5%]). Anisocoria defined as pupil size difference of greater than 0.5 mm was present in 1624 patients (28.2%) before light stimulus; 645 of these patients (39.7%) also had anisocoria after light stimulus (P < .001). Anisocoria defined as pupil size difference of greater than 2.0 mm was present in 79 patients (1.4%) before light stimulus; 42 of these patients (53.2%) also had anisocoria after light stimulus (P < .001). DISCUSSION The finding of anisocoria significantly differed before and after light stimulus and according to the cut point used. At most cut points, fewer than half of the patients who had anisocoria before light stimulus also had anisocoria after light stimulus. CONCLUSION The profound difference in the number of patients adjudicated as having anisocoria using different cut points reinforces the need to develop a universal definition for anisocoria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciji Saju
- Ciji Saju is an assistant nurse manager, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Arianna Barnes
- Arianna Barnes is a clinical nurse specialist at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Joji B Kuramatsu
- Joji B. Kuramatsu is a professor at University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jade L Marshall
- Jade L. Marshall is a clinical research associate, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Hirofumi Obinata
- Hirofumi Obinata is a research associate at Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ava M Puccio
- Ava M. Puccio is an associate professor at University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - DaiWai M Olson
- DaiWai M. Olson is a professor at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zerbi SM, Sandroni C, Botteri M, Bellasi A, Latronico N, Rasulo F. Early Neurological ASsessment with pupillometrY during Cardiac Arrest REsuscitation (EASY-CARE): protocol for an observational multicentre prospective study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063633. [PMID: 36600432 PMCID: PMC9772679 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is burdened with a high rate of ineffective resuscitation and poor neurological outcome among survivors. To date, there are few perfusion assessment tools during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and none of them provide reliable data. Despite the lack of information, physicians must decide whether to extend or terminate resuscitation efforts. METHOD AND ANALYSIS This is a multicentre prospective, observational cohort study, involving adult patients, victims of unexpected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Early Neurological ASsessment with pupillometrY during Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation aims to primarily describe the reliability of quantitative pupillometry through use of the Neurological Pupillary Index (NPi) during the manoeuvre of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as a predictor of the return of spontaneous circulation. The second objective is to seek and describe the association between the NPi and neurological outcome in the surviving cohort. Patients will be excluded if they are less than 18 years of age, have sustained traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular emergencies, direct injury to the eyes or have pupil anomalies. Neurological outcome will be collected at intensive care unit discharge, at 30 days, 6 months and at 1 year. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) will be used in the emergency department; modified Rankin Score will be adopted for neurological assessment; biomarkers and neurophysiology exams will be collected as well. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by Ethics Committee of Milano. Local committee acceptance is required for each of the centres involved in the clinical and follow-up data collection. Data will be disseminated to the scientific community through original articles submitted to peer-reviewed journals and abstracts to conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05192772.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Maria Zerbi
- Emergenza Rianimazione Anestesia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lariana, Como, Italy
- Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Sandroni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Latronico
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine, Spedali Civili University affiliated Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Frank Rasulo
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine, Spedali Civili University affiliated Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pansell J, Rudberg P, Bell M, Cooray C. Response to Letter to the Editor: Can Quantitative Pupillometry be Used to Screen for Elevated Intracranial Pressure? A Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:599-600. [PMID: 35761125 PMCID: PMC9519662 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Pansell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Rudberg
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Bell
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charith Cooray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: an update for the intensivist. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48:649-666. [PMID: 35595999 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-022-06702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the most fatal and debilitating conditions in the world. Current clinical management in severe TBI patients is mainly concerned with reducing secondary insults and optimizing the balance between substrate delivery and consumption. Over the past decades, multimodality monitoring has become more widely available, and clinical management protocols have been published that recommend potential interventions to correct pathophysiological derangements. Even while evidence from randomized clinical trials is still lacking for many of the recommended interventions, these protocols and algorithms can be useful to define a clear standard of therapy where novel interventions can be added or be compared to. Over the past decade, more attention has been paid to holistic management, in which hemodynamic, respiratory, inflammatory or coagulation disturbances are detected and treated accordingly. Considerable variability with regards to the trajectories of recovery exists. Even while most of the recovery occurs in the first months after TBI, substantial changes may still occur in a later phase. Neuroprognostication is challenging in these patients, where a risk of self-fulfilling prophecies is a matter of concern. The present article provides a comprehensive and practical review of the current best practice in clinical management and long-term outcomes of moderate to severe TBI in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Collapse
|
8
|
Can Quantitative Pupillometry be used to Screen for Elevated Intracranial Pressure? A Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:531-537. [PMID: 35606562 PMCID: PMC9519702 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a serious complication in brain injury. Because of the risks involved, ICP is not monitored in all patients at risk. Noninvasive screening tools to identify patients with elevated ICP are needed. Anisocoria, abnormal pupillary size, and abnormal pupillary light reflex are signs of high ICP, but manual pupillometry is arbitrary and subject to interrater variability. We have evaluated quantitative pupillometry as a screening tool for elevated ICP. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study of the association between Neurological Pupil index (NPi), measured with the Neuroptics NPi-200 pupillometer, and ICP in patients routinely monitored with invasive ICP measurement in the intensive care unit. We performed a nonparametric receiver operator curve analysis for ICP ≥ 20 mm Hg with NPi as a classification variable. We performed a Youden analysis for the optimal NPi cutoff value and recorded sensitivity and specificity for this cutoff value. We also performed a logistic regression with elevated ICP as the dependent variable and NPi as the independent variable. Results We included 65 patients with invasive ICP monitoring. A total of 2,705 measurements were analyzed. Using NPi as a screening tool for elevated ICP yielded an area under receiver operator curve of 0.72. The optimal mean NPi cutoff value to rule out elevated ICP was ≥ 3.9. The probability of elevated ICP decreased with increasing NPi, with an odds ratio of 0.55 (0.50, 0.61). Conclusions Screening with NPi may inform high stakes clinical decisions by ruling out elevated ICP with a high degree of certainty. It may also aid in estimating probabilities of elevated ICP. This can help to weigh the risks of initiating invasive ICP monitoring against the risks of not doing so. Because of its ease of use and excellent interrater reliability, we suggest further studies of NPi as a screening tool for elevated ICP.
Collapse
|
9
|
Neurological Pupil Index for the Early Prediction of Outcome in Severe Acute Brain Injury Patients. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050609. [PMID: 35624996 PMCID: PMC9139348 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the early value of automated quantitative pupillary examination, using the Neurological Pupil index (NPi), to predict the long-term outcome of acute brain injured (ABI) patients. We performed a single-centre retrospective study (October 2016−March 2019) in ABI patients who underwent NPi measurement during the first 3 days following brain insult. We examined the performance of NPi—alone or in combination with other baseline demographic (age) and radiologic (CT midline shift) predictors—to prognosticate unfavourable 6-month outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale 1−3). A total of 145 severely brain-injured subjects (65 traumatic brain injury, TBI; 80 non-TBI) were studied. At each time point tested, NPi <3 was highly predictive of unfavourable outcome, with highest specificity (100% (90−100)) at day 3 (sensitivity 24% (15−35), negative predictive value 36% (34−39)). The addition of NPi, from day 1 following ABI to age and cerebral CT scan, provided the best prognostic performance (AUROC curve 0.85 vs. 0.78 without NPi, p = 0.008; DeLong test) for 6-month neurological outcome prediction. NPi, assessed at the early post-injury phase, has a superior ability to predict unfavourable long-term neurological outcomes in severely brain-injured patients. The added prognostic value of NPi was most significant when complemented with baseline demographic and radiologic information.
Collapse
|
10
|
Picetti E, Robba C. Pupillometry and sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Minerva Anestesiol 2022; 88:332-333. [PMID: 35510447 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.22.16528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Picetti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy -
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Blandino Ortiz A, Higuera Lucas J. Usefulness of quantitative pupillometry in the intensive care unit. Med Intensiva 2022; 46:273-276. [PMID: 35598951 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Blandino Ortiz
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Higuera Lucas
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi L, Zheng L, Jin D, Lin Z, Zhang Q, Zhang M. Assessment of Combination of Automated Pupillometry and Heart Rate Variability to Detect Driving Fatigue. Front Public Health 2022; 10:828428. [PMID: 35265578 PMCID: PMC8898938 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.828428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Approximately 20~30% of all traffic accidents are caused by fatigue driving. However, limited practicability remains a barrier for the real application of available techniques to detect driving fatigue. Use of pupillary light reflex (PLR) may be potentially effective for driving fatigue detection. Methods A 90 min monotonous simulated driving task was utilized to induce driving fatigue. During the task, PLR measurements were performed at baseline and at an interval of 30 min. Subjective rating scales, heart rate variability (HRV) were monitored simultaneously. Results Thirty-two healthy volunteers in China participated in our study. Based on the results of subjective evaluation and behavioral performances, driving fatigue was verified to be successfully induced by a simulated driving task. Significant variations of PLR and HRV parameters were observed, which also showed significant relevance with the change in Karolinska Sleepiness Scale at several timepoints (|r| = 0.55 ~ 0.72, P < 0.001). Furthermore, PLR variations had excellent ability to detect driving fatigue with high sensitivity and specificity, of which maximum constriction velocity variations achieved a sensitivity of 85.00% and specificity of 72.34% for driving fatigue detection, vs. 82.50 and 78.72% with a combination of HRV variations, a nonsignificant difference (AUC = 0.835, 0.872, P > 0.05). Conclusions Pupillary light reflex variation may be a potential indicator in the detection of driving fatigue, achieving a comparative performance compared with the combination with heart rate variability. Further work may be involved in developing a commercialized driving fatigue detection system based on pupillary parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danni Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Inter-device reliability of the NPi-200 and NPi-300 pupillometers. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 100:180-183. [PMID: 35487025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pupillary evaluation is an essential part of the neurological examination. Research suggests that the traditional examination of the pupil with a handheld flashlight has limited interrater reliability. Automated pupillometers were developed to provide an objective scoring of various pupillary parameters. The NPi-200 pupillometer is used for quantitative pupillary examinations, the NPi-300 was launched in July 2021 with enhanced features. The purpose of this study is to compare results from the NPi-200 to the NPi-300 to ensure that data are translatable across both platforms. This study examines the inter-device reliability of the NPi-200 compared to the NPi-300 in two cohorts: 20 patients at risk for cerebral edema and 50 healthy controls. Paired assessments of the devices were made from all participants. Each assessment included bilateral PLR readings within a 5-minute interval. Data showed high agreement between the two devices for the Neurological Pupil Index (NPi) reading (k = 0.94; CI: 0.91-0.99) and for pupil diameter assessment (k = 0.91; CI: 0.87-0.96). There is a very high level of agreement between the NPi-200 and NPi-300 among healthy controls and critically ill patients. Clinicians and researchers can interpret the results from either device equally.
Collapse
|
14
|
Blandino Ortiz A, Higuera Lucas J. Utilidad de la pupilometría cuantitativa en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Med Intensiva 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Luz Teixeira T, Peluso L, Banco P, Njimi H, Abi-Khalil L, Chanchay Pillajo M, Schuind S, Creteur J, Bouzat P, Taccone FS. Early Pupillometry Assessment in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Retrospective Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121657. [PMID: 34942959 PMCID: PMC8699519 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the early assessment of neurological pupil index (NPi) values derived from automated pupillometry could predict neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Retrospective observational study including adult (>18 years) TBI patients admitted from January 2018 to December 2020, with available NPi on admission. Abnormal NPi was considered if <3. Unfavorable neurological outcome (UO) at hospital discharge was considered for a Glasgow Outcome Scale of 1-3. RESULTS 100 patients were included over the study period (median age 48 (34-69) years and median GCS on admission 11 (6-15)); 49 (49%) patients had UO. On admission, 20 (20%) patients had an abnormal NPi (NPi < 3); median worst (i.e., from both eyes) NPi was 4.2 (3.2-4.5). Median worst and mean NPi on admission were significantly lower in the UO group than others (3.9 (1.7-4.4) vs. 4.4 (3.7-4.6); p = 0.005-4.0 (2.6-4.5) vs. 4.5 (3.9-4.7); p = 0.002, respectively). The ROC curve for the worst and mean NPi showed a moderate accuracy to predict UO (AUC 0.66 (0.56-0.77); p = 0.005 and 0.68 (0.57-0.78); p = 0.002). However, in a generalized linear model, the prognostic role of NPi on admission was limited. CONCLUSIONS Low NPi on admission has limited prognostic value in TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luz Teixeira
- Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.L.T.); (L.P.); (H.N.); (L.A.-K.); (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Peluso
- Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.L.T.); (L.P.); (H.N.); (L.A.-K.); (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Banco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Grenobles, 38400 Grenobles, France; (P.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Hassane Njimi
- Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.L.T.); (L.P.); (H.N.); (L.A.-K.); (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Layal Abi-Khalil
- Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.L.T.); (L.P.); (H.N.); (L.A.-K.); (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Mélanie Chanchay Pillajo
- Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.L.T.); (L.P.); (H.N.); (L.A.-K.); (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Sophie Schuind
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jacques Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.L.T.); (L.P.); (H.N.); (L.A.-K.); (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Grenobles, 38400 Grenobles, France; (P.B.); (P.B.)
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.L.T.); (L.P.); (H.N.); (L.A.-K.); (M.C.P.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-25555587
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Atypical Pupil Reactions in Brain Dead Patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091194. [PMID: 34573214 PMCID: PMC8466677 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During routine diagnosis of brain death, changes in pupil diameter in response to the stimulation of peripheral nerves are sometimes observed. For example, pupillary dilation after diagnosed brain death is described in the literature as the ciliospinal reflex. However, pupil constriction creates diagnostic doubts. Objective: The pupillometric analysis of pupil response to stimulation of the cervicothoracic spinal cord in patients with diagnosed brain death. Methods: Instrumental tests to confirm the arrest of cerebral circulation were performed in 30 adult subjects (mean age 53.5 years, range 26–75 years) with diagnosed brain death. In addition, a pupillometer was used to measure the change in pupil diameter in response to neck flexion. Intervention: Flexion of the neck and measuring the response in change of the pupil with the use of the pupillometer. Results: The change in the pupil was observed in the examined group of patients. Difference in pupil size ≥ 0.2 mm was observed in 14 cases (46%). In five cases (17%), pupil constriction was found (from 0.2 to 0.7 mm). Measurement error was +/− 0.1 mm. Conclusions: Both pupillary constriction and dilatation may occur due to a ciliospinal reflex in patients with brain death. This phenomenon needs further research in order to establish its pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
17
|
Iaccarino C, Lippa L, Munari M, Castioni CA, Robba C, Caricato A, Pompucci A, Signoretti S, Zona G, Rasulo FA. Management of intracranial hypertension following traumatic brain injury: a best clinical practice adoption proposal for intracranial pressure monitoring and decompressive craniectomy. Joint statements by the Traumatic Brain Injury Section of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch) and the Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care Study Group of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI). J Neurosurg Sci 2021; 65:219-238. [PMID: 34184860 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.21.05383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
No robust evidence is provided by literature regarding the management of intracranial hypertension following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This is mostly due to the lack of prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the presence of studies containing extreme heterogeneously collected populations and controversial considerations about chosen outcome. A scientific society should provide guidelines for care management and scientific support for those areas for which evidence-based medicine has not been identified. However, RCTs in severe TBI have failed to establish intervention effectiveness, arising the need to make greater use of tools such as Consensus Conferences between experts, which have the advantage of providing recommendations based on experience, on the analysis of updated literature data and on the direct comparison of different logistic realities. The Italian scientific societies should provide guidelines following the national laws ruling the best medical practice. However, many limitations do not allow the collection of data supporting high levels of evidence for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and decompressive craniectomy (DC) in patients with severe TBI. This intersociety document proposes best practice guidelines for this subsetting of patients to be adopted on a national Italian level, along with joint statements from "TBI Section" of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch) endorsed by the Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care Study Group of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI). Presented here is a recap of recommendations on management of ICP and DC supported a high level of available evidence and rate of agreement expressed by the assemblies during the more recent consensus conferences, where members of both groups have had a role of active participants and supporters. The listed recommendations have been sent to a panel of experts consisting of the 107 members of the "TBI Section" of the SINch and the 111 members of the Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care Study Group of the SIAARTI. The aim of the survey was to test a preliminary evaluation of the grade of predictable future adherence of the recommendations following this intersociety proposal. The following recommendations are suggested as representing best clinical practice, nevertheless, adoption of local multidisciplinary protocols regarding thresholds of ICP values, drug therapies, hemostasis management and perioperative care of decompressed patients is strongly recommended to improve treatment efficiency, to increase the quality of data collection and to provide more powerful evidence with future studies. Thus, for this future perspective a rapid overview of the role of the multimodal neuromonitoring in the optimal severe TBI management is also provided in this document. It is reasonable to assume that the recommendations reported in this paper will in future be updated by new observations arising from future trials. They are not binding, and this document should be offered as a guidance for clinical practice through an intersociety agreement, taking in consideration the low level of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Iaccarino
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Lippa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedali Riuniti di Livorno, Livorno, Italy -
| | - Marina Munari
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo A Castioni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Robba
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anselmo Caricato
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Pompucci
- Department of Neurosurgery, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoretti
- Division of Emergency-Urgency, Unit of Neurosurgery, S. Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zona
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Frank A Rasulo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Surgical and Medical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oddo M, Taccone F, Galimberti S, Rebora P, Citerio G. Outcome Prognostication of Acute Brain Injury using the Neurological Pupil Index (ORANGE) study: protocol for a prospective, observational, multicentre, international cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046948. [PMID: 33980528 PMCID: PMC8118033 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pupillary examination is an important part of the neurological assessment, especially in the setting of acutely brain-injured patients, and pupillary abnormalities are associated with poor outcomes. Currently, the pupillary examination is based on a visual, subjective and frequently inaccurate estimation. The use of automated infrared pupillometry to measure the pupillary light reflex can precisely quantify subtle changes in pupillary functions. The study aimed to evaluate the association between abnormal pupillary function, assessed by the Neurological Pupil Index (NPi), and long-term outcomes in patients with acute brain injury (ABI). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Outcome Prognostication of Acute Brain Injury using the Neurological Pupil Index study is a prospective, observational study including adult patients with ABI requiring admission at the intensive care unit. We aimed to recruit at least 420 patients including those suffering from traumatic brain injury or haemorrhagic strokes, over 12 months. The primary aim was to assess the relationship between NPi and 6-month mortality or poor neurological outcome, measured by the Extended Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS-E, poor outcome=GOS-E 1-4). Supervised and unsupervised methods and latent class mixed models will be used to identify patterns of NPi trajectories and Cox and logistic model to evaluate their association with outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the institutional review board (Comitato Etico Brianza) on 16 July 2020. Approved protocol V.4.0 dated 10 March 2020. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04490005.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Oddo
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Medical Direction, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stefania Galimberti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging B4 Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Rebora
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging B4 Center, University of Milan-Bicocca Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- NeuroIntensive Care Unit, ASST di Monza, Monza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farina F, Vosko MR, Baracchini C, Ermani M, Sommer P, Greisenegger S, Laubichler P, Struhal W, Kellermair L, Ransmayr G, Brunner C. Ultrasound Examination of the Pupil - A New Tool for the Neuro-Ophthalmological Assessment. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2021; 42:84-91. [PMID: 32688403 DOI: 10.1055/a-1208-1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pupil examination represents a diagnostic and prognostic test in the management of several neurological diseases. Infrared video pupillometry (IVP) is the gold standard, since it is not routinely available, a noninvasive bedside ultrasound assessment has been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and reproducibility of ultrasound pupillometry (UP) in comparison with IVP. MATERIALS AND METHODS 81 subjects (43 men and 38 women, mean age: 52 ± 20 years and 49 ± 19 years, respectively) with no history of neurophthalmologic disease were enrolled. UP was performed with a 12-MHz linear probe according to current guidelines for orbital insonation. Light and painful stimuli were applied to test pupillary light reflex (PLR) and ciliospinal reflex (CR). In 30 of these subjects IVP examination was performed additionally to obtain intra-observer and inter-observer agreement. RESULTS Increasing age was associated with a decreased pupillary diameter (PD) at rest, after PLR and CR (R -0.728, p < 0.01, R -0.643, p < 0.01, R 0.674, p < 0.001 respectively), while no association was noticed with time to constriction/dilation. UP measurements were reproducible (rate of inter- and intra-observer agreement: R 0.979, p < 0.01, R 0.946, p < 0.01 respectively) and concordant with IVP (PLR R 0.831, p < 0.01; CR R 0.879, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION According to our study, ultrasound pupillometry is a feasible and reliable technique for bedside pupillary function assessment, and is a good alternative to infrared video pupillometry. Moreover, it represents the only way for functional pupillary assessment in patients with periorbital hematoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Farina
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Stroke Unit and Neurosonology Laboratory, Padova, Italy
| | - Milan R Vosko
- Department of Neurology 2, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Med Campus III, Stroke Unit and Neurosonology Laboratory, Linz, Austria
| | - Claudio Baracchini
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Stroke Unit and Neurosonology Laboratory, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Ermani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Sommer
- Department of Neurology, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Laubichler
- Department of Ophtalomology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Walter Struhal
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Tulln, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Site Tulln, Austria
| | - Lukas Kellermair
- Department of Neurology 2, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Med Campus III, Stroke Unit and Neurosonology Laboratory, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Department of Neurology 2, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Med Campus III, Stroke Unit and Neurosonology Laboratory, Linz, Austria
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Tulln, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Site Tulln, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cavaliere F, Biancofiore G, Bignami E, De Robertis E, Giannini A, Piastra M, Scolletta S, Taccone FS, Terragni P. A year in review in Minerva Anestesiologica 2019. Critical care. Minerva Anestesiol 2020; 86:102-113. [PMID: 31994860 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.20.14384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavaliere
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, A. Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Gianni Biancofiore
- Transplant Anesthesia and Critical Care, University School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Bignami
- Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Edoardo De Robertis
- Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Giannini
- Unit of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST - Spedali Civili Children's Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Piastra
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Trauma Center, A. Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabino Scolletta
- Department of Accident and Emergency, of Organ Transplantation, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio S Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierpaolo Terragni
- Division of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Sassari University Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rass V, Ianosi BA, Lindner A, Kofler M, Schiefecker AJ, Pfausler B, Beer R, Schmutzhard E, Helbok R. Hemodynamic response during endotracheal suctioning predicts awakening and functional outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:432. [PMID: 32665009 PMCID: PMC7362501 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Endotracheal suctioning (ES) provokes a cumulative hemodynamic response by activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic circuits in the central nervous system. In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to analyze hemodynamic changes during ES in ventilated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients and investigated whether the associated hemodynamic changes relate to the time to arousal and functional outcome. Methods For the current observational study, 191 SAH patients admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital requiring mechanical ventilation were included. One thousand eighty ES episodes during the first 72 h of admission were analyzed. Baseline median heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were compared to peak HR and MAP during ES based on 5-min averaged data (ΔHR and ΔMAP). Multivariable analysis to assess associations between ΔHR and ΔMAP and time to arousal (time to Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale ≥ 0, RASS) and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale Score > 2, mRS) was performed using generalized estimating equations. Results Patients were 59 (IQR, 50–70) years old and presented with a median admission H&H grade of 4 (IQR, 3–5). In-hospital mortality was 22% (25% at 3 months) and median time to arousal was 13 (IQR, 4–21) days. HR increased by 2.3 ± 7.1 beats per minute (bpm) from 75.1 ± 14.8 bpm at baseline. MAP increased by 3.2 ± 7.8 mmHg from baseline 80.9 ± 9.8 mmHg. In multivariable analysis, ΔHR (p < 0.001) was significantly lower in patients who regained consciousness at a later time point and a lower ΔHR was associated with poor functional 3-month outcome independent of RASS (adjOR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.93–0.98) or midazolam dose (adjOR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94–0.98). ΔMAP was neither associated with the time to regain consciousness (p = 0.087) nor with functional outcome (p = 0.263). Conclusion Augmentation in heart rate may quantify the hemodynamic response during endotracheal suctioning in brain-injured patients. The value as a biomarker to early discriminate the time to arousal and functional outcome in acutely brain-injured patients needs prospective confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Rass
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bogdan-Andrei Ianosi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute of Medical Informatics, UMIT, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard Wallnoefer-Zentrum 1, 6060, Hall, Austria
| | - Anna Lindner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alois J Schiefecker
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Pfausler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronny Beer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Schmutzhard
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aroca Ruiz M, Blandino Ortiz A, Cabestrero Alonso D, de Pablo Sanchez R, Taccone FS. Pupillometry abnormalities related to severe hypercapnic respiratory failure. Minerva Anestesiol 2020; 86:361-362. [DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.19.14115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Favre E, Bernini A, Morelli P, Pasquier J, Miroz JP, Abed-Maillard S, Ben-Hamouda N, Oddo M. Neuromonitoring of delirium with quantitative pupillometry in sedated mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:66. [PMID: 32093710 PMCID: PMC7041194 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is a frequent secondary neurological complication in critically ill patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation. Quantitative pupillometry is an emerging modality for the neuromonitoring of primary acute brain injury, but its potential utility in patients at risk of ICU delirium is unknown. METHODS This was an observational cohort study of medical-surgical ICU patients, without acute or known primary brain injury, who underwent sedation and mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. Starting at day 3, automated infrared pupillometry-blinded to ICU caregivers-was used for repeated measurement of the pupillary function, including quantitative pupillary light reflex (q-PLR, expressed as % pupil constriction to a standardized light stimulus) and constriction velocity (CV, mm/s). The relationship between delirium, using the CAM-ICU score, and quantitative pupillary variables was examined. RESULTS A total of 59/100 patients had ICU delirium, diagnosed at a median 8 (5-13) days from admission. Compared to non-delirious patients, subjects with ICU delirium had lower values of q-PLR (25 [19-31] vs. 20 [15-28] %) and CV (2.5 [1.7-2.8] vs. 1.7 [1.4-2.4] mm/s) at day 3, and at all additional time-points tested (p < 0.05). After adjusting for the SOFA score and the cumulative dose of analgesia and sedation, lower q-PLR was associated with an increased risk of ICU delirium (OR 1.057 [1.007-1.113] at day 3; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Sustained abnormalities of quantitative pupillary variables at the early ICU phase correlate with delirium and precede clinical diagnosis by a median 5 days. These findings suggest a potential utility of quantitative pupillometry in sedated mechanically ventilated ICU patients at high risk of delirium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Favre
- Critical Care Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH08-623, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH 08.623, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare - IUFRS, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Bernini
- Critical Care Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH08-623, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Morelli
- Critical Care Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH08-623, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerôme Pasquier
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John-Paul Miroz
- Critical Care Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH08-623, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samia Abed-Maillard
- Critical Care Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH08-623, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nawfel Ben-Hamouda
- Critical Care Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH08-623, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH 08.623, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Oddo
- Critical Care Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH08-623, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH 08.623, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Miroz JP, Ben-Hamouda N, Bernini A, Romagnosi F, Bongiovanni F, Roumy A, Kirsch M, Liaudet L, Eckert P, Oddo M. Neurological Pupil index for Early Prognostication After Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Chest 2019; 157:1167-1174. [PMID: 31870911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (VA-ECMO) after refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest has significant morbidity and mortality. Early outcome prediction is crucial in this setting, but data on neuroprognostication are limited. We examined the prognostic value of clinical neurologic examination, using an automated device for the quantitative measurement of pupillary light reactivity. METHODS An observational cohort of sedated, mechanically ventilated VA-ECMO patients was analyzed during the early phase after ECMO insertion (first 72 h). Using the NPi-200 automated infrared pupillometer, pupillary light reactivity was assessed repeatedly (every 12 h) by calculating the Neurological Pupil index (NPi). Trends of NPi over time were correlated to 90-day mortality, and the prognostic performance of the NPi, alone and in combination with the 12-h PREDICT VA-ECMO score, was evaluated. RESULTS One hundred consecutive patients were studied (51 with refractory cardiogenic shock and 49 with refractory cardiac arrest; 12-h PREDICT VA-ECMO, 40%; observed 90-day survival, 43%). Nonsurvivors (n = 57) had significantly lower NPi than did survivors at all time points (all P < .01). Abnormal NPi (< 3, at any time from 24 to 72 h) was 100% specific for 90-day mortality, with 0% false positives. Adding the 12-h PREDICT VA-ECMO score to the NPi provided the best prognostic performance (specificity, 100% [95% CI, 92%-100%]; sensitivity, 60% [95% CI, 46%-72%]; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.82). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative NPi alone had excellent ability to predict a poor outcome from day 1 after VA-ECMO insertion, with no false positives. Combining NPi and 12-h PREDICT-VA ECMO score increased the sensitivity of outcome prediction, while maintaining 100% specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-Paul Miroz
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nawfel Ben-Hamouda
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Bernini
- Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federico Romagnosi
- Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Bongiovanni
- Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roumy
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Eckert
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Oddo
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Caricato A, Gelormini C. Pupillometry in critical care: a simple tool for a complex examination. Minerva Anestesiol 2019; 85:937-939. [PMID: 31238642 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.19.13800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo Caricato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy - .,Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care, A. Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Rome, Italy -
| | - Camilla Gelormini
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care, A. Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|