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Nogueira JE, Amorim MR, Pinto AP, da Rocha AL, da Silva ASR, Branco LGS. Molecular hydrogen downregulates acute exhaustive exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:812-820. [PMID: 33356867 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage may be characterized by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis which may be beneficial when exercise is regular, but it is rather harmful when exercise is exhaustive and performed acutely by unaccustomed individuals. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agent, but its action on the deleterious effects of acute exhaustive exercise in muscle damage remain unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that H2 decreases acute exhaustive exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage of sedentary rats. Rats ran to exhaustion on a sealed treadmill inhaling an H2-containing mixture or the control gas. We measured oxidative stress (SOD, GSH, and TBARS), inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and NF-κB phosphorylation), and apoptotic (expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and HSP70) markers. Exercise caused no changes in SOD activity but increased TBARS levels. H2 caused increases in exercise-induced SOD activity and blunted exercise-induced increased TBARS levels. We observed exercise-induced TNF-α and IL-6 surges as well as NF-κB phosphorylation, which were blunted by H2. Exercise increased cleaved caspase-3 expression, and H2 reduced this response. In conclusion, H2 effectively downregulates muscle damage, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis after acute exhaustive exercise performed by an unaccustomed organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas E Nogueira
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus R Amorim
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Nogueira JE, Branco LGS. Recent Advances in Molecular Hydrogen Research Reducing Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:731-736. [PMID: 33185152 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation may be beneficial when exercise is a regular activity, but it is rather harmful when exercise is exhaustive and performed by unaccustomed organisms. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has recently appeared as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule in numerous pathological conditions. However, its role is relatively unknown under physiological conditions such as physical exercise. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the H2, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in physical exercise, reporting data from both animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas E Nogueira
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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