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Ghosh S, Patra S, Younis MH, Chakraborty A, Guleria A, Gupta SK, Singh K, Rakhshit S, Chakraborty S, Cai W, Chakravarty R. Brachytherapy at the nanoscale with protein functionalized and intrinsically radiolabeled [ 169Yb]Yb 2O 3 nanoseeds. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1558-1573. [PMID: 38270686 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Classical brachytherapy of solid malignant tumors is an invasive procedure which often results in an uneven dose distribution, while requiring surgical removal of sealed radioactive seed sources after a certain period of time. To circumvent these issues, we report the synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled and gum Arabic glycoprotein functionalized [169Yb]Yb2O3 nanoseeds as a novel nanoscale brachytherapy agent, which could directly be administered via intratumoral injection for tumor therapy. METHODS 169Yb (T½ = 32 days) was produced by neutron irradiation of enriched (15.2% in 168Yb) Yb2O3 target in a nuclear reactor, radiochemically converted to [169Yb]YbCl3 and used for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis. Intrinsically radiolabeled NP were synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of Yb3+ ions in gum Arabic glycoprotein medium. In vivo SPECT/CT imaging, autoradiography, and biodistribution studies were performed after intratumoral injection of radiolabeled NP in B16F10 tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice. Systematic tumor regression studies and histopathological analyses were performed to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in the same mice model. RESULTS The nanoformulation was a clear solution having high colloidal and radiochemical stability. Uniform distribution and retention of the radiolabeled nanoformulation in the tumor mass were observed via SPECT/CT imaging and autoradiography studies. In a tumor regression study, tumor growth was significantly arrested with different doses of radiolabeled NP compared to the control and the best treatment effect was observed with ~ 27.8 MBq dose. In histopathological analysis, loss of mitotic cells was apparent in tumor tissue of treated groups, whereas no significant damage in kidney, lungs, and liver tissue morphology was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results hold promise for nanoscale brachytherapy to become a clinically practical treatment modality for unresectable solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Ghosh
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sourav Patra
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Muhsin H Younis
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Avik Chakraborty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Apurav Guleria
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Santosh K Gupta
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Khajan Singh
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sutapa Rakhshit
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Bajwa DE, Salvanou EA, Theodosiou M, Koutsikou TS, Efthimiadou EK, Bouziotis P, Liolios C. Radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with PSMA/BN ligands for dual-targeting of prostate cancer. FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1184309. [PMID: 39380961 PMCID: PMC11460297 DOI: 10.3389/fnume.2023.1184309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) receptors are overexpressed in PCa. In this study, we have developed iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) functionalized with the Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) ligands for dual targeting of Prostate cancer. Methods IONs were developed with a thin silica layer on their surface with MPTES (carrying -SH groups, IONs-SH), and they were coupled either with a pharmacophore targeting PSMA (IONs-PSMA) or with bombesin peptide (IONs-BN), targeting GRP receptors, or with both (IONs-PSMA/BN). The functionalized IONs were characterized for their size, zeta potential, and efficiency of functionalization using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). All the aforementioned types of IONs were radiolabeled directly with Technetium-99m (99mTc) and evaluated for their radiolabeling efficiency, stability, and binding ability on two different PCa cell lines (PC3 and LNCaP). Results and Discussion The MTT assay demonstrated low toxicity of the IONs against PC3 and LNCaP cells, while the performed wound-healing assay further proved that these nanostructures did not affect cellular growth mechanisms. The observed hemolysis ratio after co-incubation with red blood cells was extremely low. Furthermore, the 99mTc-radiolabeled IONs showed good stability in human serum, DTPA, and histidine, and high specific binding rates in cancer cells, supporting their future utilization as potential diagnostic tools for PCa with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Efremia Bajwa
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Energy & Safety, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology (INRASTES), National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia-Alexandra Salvanou
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Energy & Safety, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology (INRASTES), National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Theodosiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora S. Koutsikou
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Energy & Safety, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology (INRASTES), National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni K. Efthimiadou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Energy & Safety, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology (INRASTES), National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Liolios
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Energy & Safety, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology (INRASTES), National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
- Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research & Technology (IFET) (Pallini), Athens, Greece
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Liu R, Xu Y, Zhang N, Qu S, Zeng W, Li R, Dai Z. Nanotechnology for Enhancing Medical Imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Chakravarty R, Sen N, Ghosh S, Sarma HD, Guleria A, Singh KK, Chakraborty S. Flow synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled and renal-clearable ultrasmall [198Au]Au nanoparticles in a PTFE microchannel. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Winter G, Eberhardt N, Löffler J, Raabe M, Alam MNA, Hao L, Abaei A, Herrmann H, Kuntner C, Glatting G, Solbach C, Jelezko F, Weil T, Beer AJ, Rasche V. Preclinical PET and MR Evaluation of 89Zr- and 68Ga-Labeled Nanodiamonds in Mice over Different Time Scales. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4471. [PMID: 36558325 PMCID: PMC9780863 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) have high potential as a drug carrier and in combination with nitrogen vacancies (NV centers) for highly sensitive MR-imaging after hyperpolarization. However, little remains known about their physiological properties in vivo. PET imaging allows further evaluation due to its quantitative properties and high sensitivity. Thus, we aimed to create a preclinical platform for PET and MR evaluation of surface-modified NDs by radiolabeling with both short- and long-lived radiotracers. Serum albumin coated NDs, functionalized with PEG groups and the chelator deferoxamine, were labeled either with zirconium-89 or gallium-68. Their biodistribution was assessed in two different mouse strains. PET scans were performed at various time points up to 7 d after i.v. injection. Anatomical correlation was provided by additional MRI in a subset of animals. PET results were validated by ex vivo quantification of the excised organs using a gamma counter. Radiolabeled NDs accumulated rapidly in the liver and spleen with a slight increase over time, while rapid washout from the blood pool was observed. Significant differences between the investigated radionuclides were only observed for the spleen (1 h). In summary, we successfully created a preclinical PET and MR imaging platform for the evaluation of the biodistribution of NDs over different time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Winter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Eberhardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Löffler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Md. Noor A. Alam
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hendrik Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Solbach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambros J. Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Liu N, Su X, Sun X. Cerenkov radiation-activated probes for deep cancer theranostics: a review. Theranostics 2022; 12:7404-7419. [PMID: 36438500 PMCID: PMC9691350 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerenkov radiation (CR) from radionuclides and megavoltage X-ray radiation can act as an in situ light source for deep cancer theranostics, overcoming the limitations of external light sources. Despite the blue-weighted emission and low quantum yield of CR, activatable probes-mediated CR can enhance the in-vivo diagnostic signals by Cerenkov resonance energy transfer and also can produce therapeutic effects by reactive species generation/drug release, greatly promoting the biomedical applications of CR. In this review, we describe the principles and sources of CR, construction of CR-activated probes and their application to tumor optical imaging and therapy. Finally, future prospects for the design and biomedical application of CR-activated probes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Salvanou EA, Kolokithas-Ntoukas A, Liolios C, Xanthopoulos S, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Tsoukalas C, Avgoustakis K, Bouziotis P. Preliminary Evaluation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Radiolabeled with 68Ga and 177Lu as Potential Theranostic Agents. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142490. [PMID: 35889715 PMCID: PMC9321329 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Theranostic radioisotope pairs such as Gallium-68 (68Ga) for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Lutetium-177 (177Lu) for radioisotopic therapy, in conjunction with nanoparticles (NPs), are an emerging field in the treatment of cancer. The present work aims to demonstrate the ability of condensed colloidal nanocrystal clusters (co-CNCs) comprised of iron oxide nanoparticles, coated with alginic acid (MA) and stabilized by a layer of polyethylene glycol (MAPEG) to be directly radiolabeled with 68Ga and its therapeutic analog 177Lu. 68Ga/177Lu- MA and MAPEG were investigated for their in vitro stability. The biocompatibility of the non-radiolabeled nanoparticles, as well as the cytotoxicity of MA, MAPEG, and [177Lu]Lu-MAPEG were assessed on 4T1 cells. Finally, the ex vivo biodistribution of the 68Ga-labeled NPs as well as [177Lu]Lu-MAPEG was investigated in normal mice. Radiolabeling with both radioisotopes took place via a simple and direct labelling method without further purification. Hemocompatibility was verified for both NPs, while MTT studies demonstrated the non-cytotoxic profile of the nanocarriers and the dose-dependent toxicity for [177Lu]Lu-MAPEG. The radiolabeled nanoparticles mainly accumulated in RES organs. Based on our preliminary results, we conclude that MAPEG could be further investigated as a theranostic agent for PET diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia-Alexandra Salvanou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
| | - Argiris Kolokithas-Ntoukas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
| | - Christos Liolios
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Xanthopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Charalampos Tsoukalas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Avgoustakis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106503687
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Nanotechnology for Enhancing Medical Imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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9
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Wu S, Helal-Neto E, Matos APDS, Jafari A, Kozempel J, Silva YJDA, Serrano-Larrea C, Alves Junior S, Ricci-Junior E, Alexis F, Santos-Oliveira R. Radioactive polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical application. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1544-1561. [PMID: 33118416 PMCID: PMC7599028 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1837296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, emerging radiolabeled nanosystems are revolutionizing medicine in terms of diagnostics, treatment, and theranostics. These radionuclides include polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), liposomal carriers, dendrimers, magnetic iron oxide NPs, silica NPs, carbon nanotubes, and inorganic metal-based nanoformulations. Between these nano-platforms, polymeric NPs have gained attention in the biomedical field due to their excellent properties, such as their surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to absorb and carry other molecules. In addition, NPs are capable of carrying high payloads of radionuclides which can be used for diagnostic, treatment, and theranostics depending on the radioactive material linked. The radiolabeling process of nanoparticles can be performed by direct or indirect labeling process. In both cases, the most appropriate must be selected in order to keep the targeting properties as preserved as possible. In addition, radionuclide therapy has the advantage of delivering a highly concentrated absorbed dose to the targeted tissue while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Said another way, radioactive polymeric NPs represent a promising prospect in the treatment and diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac ischemia, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and other type of cancer cells or tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentian Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming City, China
| | - Edward Helal-Neto
- Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Amir Jafari
- Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology in the Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ján Kozempel
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering (FJFI), Czech Technical University in Prague (ČVUT), Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Severino Alves Junior
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, Zona Oeste State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Critical quality attributes in the development of therapeutic nanomedicines toward clinical translation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:766-790. [PMID: 32170656 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a rapidly emerging field with several breakthroughs in the therapeutic drug delivery application. The unique properties of the nanoscale delivery systems offer huge advantages to their payload such as solubilization, increased bioavailability, and improved pharmacokinetics with an overall goal of enhanced therapeutic index. Nanomedicine has the potential for integrating and enabling new therapeutic modalities. Several nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been granted approval for clinical use based on their outstanding clinical outcomes. Nanomedicine faces several challenges that hinder the realization of its full potential. In this review, we discuss the critical formulation- and biological-related quality features that significantly influence the performance of nanoparticulate systems in vivo. We also discuss the quality-by-design approach in the pharmaceutical manufacturing and its implementation in the nanomedicine. A deep understanding of these nanomedicine quality checkpoints and a systematic design that takes them into consideration will hopefully expedite the clinical translation process. Graphical abstract.
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Papadopoulou S, Kolokithas-Ntoukas A, Salvanou EA, Gaitanis A, Xanthopoulos S, Avgoustakis K, Gazouli M, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Tsoukalas C, Bakandritsos A, Bouziotis P. Chelator-Free/Chelator-Mediated Radiolabeling of Colloidally Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071677. [PMID: 34202370 PMCID: PMC8307582 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a bioimaging probe based on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) surface functionalized with the copolymer (p(MAA-g-EGMA)), which were radiolabeled with the positron emitter Gallium-68. The synthesis of the hybrid MIONs was realized by hydrolytic condensation of a single ferrous precursor in the presence of the copolymer. The synthesized MagP MIONs displayed an average Dh of 87 nm, suitable for passive targeting of cancerous tissues through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect after intravenous administration, while their particularly high magnetic content ascribes strong magnetic properties to the colloids. Two different approaches were explored to develop MIONs radiolabeled with 68Ga: the chelator-mediated approach, where the chelating agent NODAGA-NHS was conjugated onto the MIONs (MagP-NODAGA) to form a chelate complex with 68Ga, and the chelator-free approach, where 68Ga was directly incorporated onto the MIONs (MagP). Both groups of NPs showed highly efficient radiolabeling with 68Ga, forming constructs which were stable with time, and in the presence of PBS and human serum. Ex vivo biodistribution studies of [68Ga]Ga- MIONs showed high accumulation in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) organs and satisfactory blood retention with time. In vivo PET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-MagP MIONs was in accordance with the ex vivo biodistribution results. Finally, the MIONs showed low toxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells. These detailed studies established that [68Ga]Ga- MIONs exhibit potential for application as tracers for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Papadopoulou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.P.); (E.-A.S.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Radioanalytics-Environmental Radioactivity, Radiochemistry & Radiobiology Research Laboratories SMPC, 20131 Corinth, Greece
| | - Argiris Kolokithas-Ntoukas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
- Department of Materials Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelia-Alexandra Salvanou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.P.); (E.-A.S.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
| | - Anastasios Gaitanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros Xanthopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.P.); (E.-A.S.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Avgoustakis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.P.); (E.-A.S.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Charalampos Tsoukalas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.P.); (E.-A.S.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB–Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.P.); (E.-A.S.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106503687
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Chakravarty R, Guleria A, Jadhav S, Kumar C, Debnath AK, Sarma HD, Chakraborty S. Bioinspired Synthesis of Intrinsically 177Lu-Labeled Hybrid Nanoparticles for Potential Cancer Therapy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Apurav Guleria
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sachin Jadhav
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Anil Krishna Debnath
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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13
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Wang LZ, Lim TL, Padakanti PK, Carlin SD, Alavi A, Mach RH, Prud’homme RK. Kinetics of Nanoparticle Radiolabeling of Metalloporphyrin with 64Cu for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Z. Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tristan L. Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Prashanth K. Padakanti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sean D. Carlin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert K. Prud’homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Ranjbar Bahadori S, Mulgaonkar A, Hart R, Wu CY, Zhang D, Pillai A, Hao Y, Sun X. Radiolabeling strategies and pharmacokinetic studies for metal based nanotheranostics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1671. [PMID: 33047504 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) have drawn considerable attention in the fields of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, drug delivery, and radiation therapy, given the fact that they can be potentially used as diagnostic imaging and/or therapeutic agents, or even as theranostic combinations. Here, we present a systematic review on recent advances in the design and synthesis of MNPs with major focuses on their radiolabeling strategies and the determinants of their in vivo pharmacokinetics, and together how their intended applications would be impacted. For clarification, we categorize all reported radiolabeling strategies for MNPs into indirect and direct approaches. While indirect labeling simply refers to the use of bifunctional chelators or prosthetic groups conjugated to MNPs for post-synthesis labeling with radionuclides, we found that many practical direct labeling methodologies have been developed to incorporate radionuclides into the MNP core without using extra reagents, including chemisorption, radiochemical doping, hadronic bombardment, encapsulation, and isotope or cation exchange. From the perspective of practical use, a few relevant examples are presented and discussed in terms of their pros and cons. We further reviewed the determinants of in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of MNPs, including factors influencing their in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, and discussed the challenges and opportunities in the development of radiolabeled MNPs for in vivo biomedical applications. Taken together, we believe the cumulative advancement summarized in this review would provide a general guidance in the field for design and synthesis of radiolabeled MNPs towards practical realization of their much desired theranostic capabilities. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ranjbar Bahadori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Aditi Mulgaonkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Hart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Cheng-Yang Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dianbo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anil Pillai
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yaowu Hao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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15
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Petrik M, Umlaufova E, Raclavsky V, Palyzova A, Havlicek V, Pfister J, Mair C, Novy Z, Popper M, Hajduch M, Decristoforo C. 68Ga-labelled desferrioxamine-B for bacterial infection imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:372-382. [PMID: 32734456 PMCID: PMC7835195 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose With the increase of especially hospital-acquired infections, timely and accurate diagnosis of bacterial infections is crucial for effective patient care. Molecular imaging has the potential for specific and sensitive detection of infections. Siderophores are iron-specific chelators recognized by specific bacterial transporters, representing one of few fundamental differences between bacterial and mammalian cells. Replacing iron by gallium-68 without loss of bioactivity is possible allowing molecular imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we report on the preclinical evaluation of the clinically used siderophore, desferrioxamine-B (Desferal®, DFO-B), radiolabelled with 68Ga for imaging of bacterial infections. Methods In vitro characterization of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B included partition coefficient, protein binding and stability determination. Specific uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B was tested in vitro in different microbial cultures. In vivo biodistribution was studied in healthy mice and dosimetric estimation for human setting performed. PET/CT imaging was carried out in animal infection models, representing the most common pathogens. Results DFO-B was labelled with 68Ga with high radiochemical purity and displayed hydrophilic properties, low protein binding and high stability in human serum and PBS. The high in vitro uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B in selected strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae could be blocked with an excess of iron-DFO-B. [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B showed rapid renal excretion and minimal retention in blood and other organs in healthy mice. Estimated human absorbed dose was 0.02 mSv/MBq. PET/CT images of animal infection models displayed high and specific accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B in both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus infections with excellent image contrast. No uptake was found in sterile inflammation, heat-inactivated P. aeruginosa or S. aureus and Escherichia coli lacking DFO-B transporters. Conclusion DFO-B can be easily radiolabelled with 68Ga and displayed suitable in vitro characteristics and excellent pharmacokinetics in mice. The high and specific uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo, proving the potential of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B for specific imaging of bacterial infections. As DFO-B is used in clinic for many years and the estimated radiation dose is lower than for other 68Ga-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, we believe that [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B has a great potential for clinical translation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-020-04948-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Umlaufova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Raclavsky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Palyzova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Havlicek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Joachim Pfister
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 5, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Mair
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 5, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zbynek Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Popper
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 5, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Avellini T, Soni N, Silvestri N, Fiorito S, De Donato F, De Mei C, Walther M, Cassani M, Ghosh S, Manna L, Stephan H, Pellegrino T. Cation Exchange Protocols to Radiolabel Aqueous Stabilized ZnS, ZnSe, and CuFeS 2 Nanocrystals with 64Cu for Dual Radio- and Photo-Thermal Therapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2002362. [PMID: 32684910 PMCID: PMC7357593 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, cation exchange (CE) reactions are exploited to radiolabel ZnSe, ZnS, and CuFeS2 metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) with 64Cu. The CE protocol requires one simple step, to mix the water-soluble NCs with a 64Cu solution, in the presence of vitamin C used to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I). Given the quantitative cation replacement on the NCs, a high radiochemical yield, up to 99%, is reached. Also, provided that there is no free 64Cu, no purification step is needed, making the protocol easily translatable to the clinic. A unique aspect of the approach is the achievement of an unprecedentedly high specific activity: by exploiting a volumetric CE, the strategy enables to concentrate a large dose of 64Cu (18.5 MBq) in a small NC dose (0.18 µg), reaching a specific activity of 103 TBq g-1. Finally, the characteristic dielectric resonance peak, still present for the radiolabeled 64Cu:CuFeS2 NCs after the partial-CE reaction, enables the generation of heat under clinical laser exposure (1 W cm-2). The synergic toxicity of photo-ablation and 64Cu ionization is here proven on glioblastoma and epidermoid carcinoma tumor cells, while no intrinsic cytotoxicity is seen from the NC dose employed for these dual experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Avellini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | - Nisarg Soni
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | | | - Sergio Fiorito
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | | | - Claudia De Mei
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | - Martin Walther
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische KrebsforschungHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Marco Cassani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
- Present address:
International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA‐ICRC)Center for Translational MedicineBrno62500Czech Republic
| | - Sandeep Ghosh
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
- Present address:
Epi Process TechnologyASM America Inc.3440 East University DrivePhoenixAZ85034‐7200USA
| | - Liberato Manna
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische KrebsforschungHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400Dresden01328Germany
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Pruis IJ, van Dongen GAMS, Veldhuijzen van Zanten SEM. The Added Value of Diagnostic and Theranostic PET Imaging for the Treatment of CNS Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1029. [PMID: 32033160 PMCID: PMC7037158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the added value of PET imaging in Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, which is a tool that has rapidly evolved from a merely diagnostic setting to multimodal molecular diagnostics and the guidance of targeted therapy. PET is the method of choice for studying target expression and target binding behind the assumedly intact blood-brain barrier. Today, a variety of diagnostic PET tracers can be used for the primary staging of CNS tumors and to determine the effect of therapy. Additionally, theranostic PET tracers are increasingly used in the context of pharmaceutical and radiopharmaceutical drug development and application. In this approach, a single targeted drug is used for PET diagnosis, upon the coupling of a PET radionuclide, as well as for targeted (nuclide) therapy. Theranostic PET tracers have the potential to serve as a non-invasive whole body navigator in the selection of the most effective drug candidates and their most optimal dose and administration route, together with the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker in the selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment. PET imaging supports the transition from trial and error medicine to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine, hopefully leading to improved quality of life for patients and more cost-effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilanah J. Pruis
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Guus A. M. S. van Dongen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Sophie E. M. Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gholami YH, Josephson L, Akam EA, Caravan P, Wilks MQ, Pan XZ, Maschmeyer R, Kolnick A, El Fakhri G, Normandin MD, Kuncic Z, Yuan H. A Chelate-Free Nano-Platform for Incorporation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Isotopes. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:31-47. [PMID: 32021163 PMCID: PMC6954846 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s227931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Using our chelate-free, heat-induced radiolabeling (HIR) method, we show that a wide range of metals, including those with radioactive isotopologues used for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy, bind to the Feraheme (FH) nanoparticle (NP), a drug approved for the treatment of iron anemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS FH NPs were heated (120°C) with nonradioactive metals, the resulting metal-FH NPs were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and r1 and r2 relaxivities obtained by nuclear magnetic relaxation spectrometry (NMRS). In addition, the HIR method was performed with [90Y]Y3+, [177Lu]Lu3+, and [64Cu]Cu2+, the latter with an HIR technique optimized for this isotope. Optimization included modifying reaction time, temperature, and vortex technique. Radiochemical yield (RCY) and purity (RCP) were measured using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). RESULTS With ICP-MS, metals incorporated into FH at high efficiency were bismuth, indium, yttrium, lutetium, samarium, terbium and europium (>75% @ 120 oC). Incorporation occurred with a small (less than 20%) but statistically significant increases in size and the r2 relaxivity. An improved HIR technique (faster heating rate and improved vortexing) was developed specifically for copper and used with the HIR technique and [64Cu]Cu2+. Using SEC and TLC analyses with [90Y]Y3+, [177Lu]Lu3+ and [64Cu]Cu2+, RCYs were greater than 85% and RCPs were greater than 95% in all cases. CONCLUSION The chelate-free HIR technique for binding metals to FH NPs has been extended to a range of metals with radioisotopes used in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cations with f-orbital electrons, more empty d-orbitals, larger radii, and higher positive charges achieved higher values of RCY and RCP in the HIR reaction. The ability to use a simple heating step to bind a wide range of metals to the FH NP, a widely available approved drug, may allow this NP to become a platform for obtaining radiolabeled nanoparticles in many settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser H Gholami
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Physics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, The Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research Centre, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee Josephson
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eman A Akam
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging and the A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Peter Caravan
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging and the A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Moses Q Wilks
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiang-Zuo Pan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, CaNCURE Program, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Maschmeyer
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Physics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Kolnick
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zdenka Kuncic
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Physics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research Centre, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hushan Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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de Maar JS, Sofias AM, Porta Siegel T, Vreeken RJ, Moonen C, Bos C, Deckers R. Spatial heterogeneity of nanomedicine investigated by multiscale imaging of the drug, the nanoparticle and the tumour environment. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1884-1909. [PMID: 32042343 PMCID: PMC6993242 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and phenotypic tumour heterogeneity is an important cause of therapy resistance. Moreover, non-uniform spatial drug distribution in cancer treatment may cause pseudo-resistance, meaning that a treatment is ineffective because the drug does not reach its target at sufficient concentrations. Together with tumour heterogeneity, non-uniform drug distribution causes “therapy heterogeneity”: a spatially heterogeneous treatment effect. Spatial heterogeneity in drug distribution occurs on all scales ranging from interpatient differences to intratumour differences on tissue or cellular scale. Nanomedicine aims to improve the balance between efficacy and safety of drugs by targeting drug-loaded nanoparticles specifically to tumours. Spatial heterogeneity in nanoparticle and payload distribution could be an important factor that limits their efficacy in patients. Therefore, imaging spatial nanoparticle distribution and imaging the tumour environment giving rise to this distribution could help understand (lack of) clinical success of nanomedicine. Imaging the nanoparticle, drug and tumour environment can lead to improvements of new nanotherapies, increase understanding of underlying mechanisms of heterogeneous distribution, facilitate patient selection for nanotherapies and help assess the effect of treatments that aim to reduce heterogeneity in nanoparticle distribution. In this review, we discuss three groups of imaging modalities applied in nanomedicine research: non-invasive clinical imaging methods (nuclear imaging, MRI, CT, ultrasound), optical imaging and mass spectrometry imaging. Because each imaging modality provides information at a different scale and has its own strengths and weaknesses, choosing wisely and combining modalities will lead to a wealth of information that will help bring nanomedicine forward.
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20
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Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Guleria A, Kumar C, Kunwar A, Nair KVV, Sarma HD, Dash A. Clinical scale synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled and cyclic RGD peptide functionalized 198Au nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 72-73:1-10. [PMID: 31255874 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emerging concept of intrinsically radiolabeled nanoparticles has the potential to transform the preclinical and clinical studies by improving the in vivo stability and demonstrating minimal alteration in the inherent pharmacokinetics of the nanoparticles. In this paper, a simple and efficient single-step method for clinical scale synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled 198Au nanoparticles conjugated with cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide (198AuNP-RGD) is reported for potential use in targeted cancer therapy. METHODS Large radioactive doses (>37 GBq) of 198AuNP-RGD were synthesized by reaction of 198Au-HAuCl4 with cyclic RGD peptide. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical techniques. In vitro cell binding studies were carried out in B16F10 (murine melanoma) cell line. Biodistribution studies were carried out in melanoma tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice to demonstrate the tumor targeting ability of 198AuNP-RGD. The therapeutic efficacy of 198AuNP-RGD was evaluated by carrying out systematic tumor regression studies in melanoma tumor bearing mice after intravenous administration of the radioactive doses. RESULTS Well dispersed and biocompatible nanoparticles (~12.5 nm diameter) could be synthesized with excellent radiochemical and colloidal stability. In vitro studies exhibited the cell binding affinity and specificity of 198AuNP-RGD towards melanoma cell line. A high uptake of 8.7 ± 2.1%ID/g in the tumor was observed within 4 h post-injection (p.i.). Significant decrease in tumor uptake of 198AuNP-RGD (2.9 ± 0.8%ID/g) at 4 h p.i. on co-injection of a blocking dose of the peptide suggested that tumor localization of the intrinsically radiolabeled nanoparticles was receptor mediated. Administration of 37.0 MBq of 198AuNP-RGD resulted in significant regression of tumor growth with no apparent body weight loss over a period of 15 d. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these promising results demonstrate the suitability of 198AuNP-RGD as an advanced functional nanoplatform for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Apurav Guleria
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Amit Kunwar
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - K V Vimalnath Nair
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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Patel S, Kim J, Herrera M, Mukherjee A, Kabanov AV, Sahay G. Brief update on endocytosis of nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:90-111. [PMID: 31419450 PMCID: PMC6986687 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of nanoscale interactions between biomaterials and cells has limited the realization of the ultimate vision of nanotechnology in diagnostics and therapeutics. As such, significant effort has been devoted to advancing our understanding of the biophysical interactions of the myriad nanoparticles. Endocytosis of nanomedicine has drawn tremendous interest in the last decade. Here, we highlight the ever-present barriers to efficient intracellular delivery of nanoparticles as well as the current advances and strategies deployed to breach these barriers. We also introduce new barriers that have been largely overlooked such as the glycocalyx and macromolecular crowding. Additionally, we draw attention to the potential complications arising from the disruption of the newly discovered functions of the lysosomes. Novel strategies of exploiting the inherent intracellular defects in disease states to enhance delivery and the use of exosomes for bioanalytics and drug delivery are explored. Furthermore, we discuss the advances in imaging techniques like electron microscopy, super resolution fluorescence microscopy, and single particle tracking which have been instrumental in our growing understanding of intracellular pathways and nanoparticle trafficking. Finally, we advocate for the push towards more intravital analysis of nanoparticle transport phenomena using the multitude of techniques available to us. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms governing the cellular barriers to delivery and biological interactions of nanoparticles will guide the innovations capable of breaching these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Marco Herrera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Anindit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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22
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Sigal IR, Sebro R. Preclinical PET tracers for the evaluation of sarcomas: understanding tumor biology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 8:428-440. [PMID: 30697463 PMCID: PMC6334210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare tumors of mesenchymal origin. Sarcomas display significant histological heterogeneity, resulting in significant imaging heterogeneity. 18F-FDG PET has is increasingly used for the evaluation, staging and surveillance of patients with sarcomas. 18F-FDG PET maximum SUV has been shown to be correlated with sarcoma grade and overall survival. This has led to interest in alternative PET tracers to assess the biological characteristics of tumors and guide treatment decisions. Here we investigate novel PET/CT tracers used for the evaluation of sarcomas over the past 20 years and summarize what we have learned about sarcoma tumor biology from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Sigal
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronnie Sebro
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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Zhu J, Li H, Xiong Z, Shen M, Conti PS, Shi X, Chen K. Polyethyleneimine-Coated Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Tumor PET/MR Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34954-34964. [PMID: 30234287 PMCID: PMC7469916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A Mn3O4 nanoparticle (NP)-based dual-modality probe has been developed for tumor positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The dual-modality imaging probe was constructed by modifying multifunctional polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated Mn3O4 NPs with folic acid (FA), followed with the radiolabeling with 64Cu. The formed imaging probe was utilized for PET/MR imaging of human cervical cancer mouse xenografts, which overexpress folate receptor (FR). The PEI-coated Mn3O4 NPs were synthesized using a solvothermal approach via decomposition of acetylacetone manganese. Multifunctional groups, including fluorescein isothiocyanate (FI), PEGylated FA, and NOTA chelator, were then sequentially loaded onto the surface of the amine groups of the Mn3O4 NPs. The remaining PEI amines were neutralized by the acetylation reaction. The resulting NOTA-FA-FI-PEG-PEI-Ac-Mn3O4 NPs were fully characterized and evaluated in vitro and successfully radiolabeled with 64Cu for tumor PET/MR imaging in small animals. In vivo blocking experiments were performed to determine the FR binding specificity of NPs. PET imaging results demonstrated that 64Cu-labeled Mn3O4 NPs display good tracer uptake in the FR-expressing HeLa tumors (tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratio: 5.35 ± 0.31 at 18 h postinjection (pi)) and substantially reduced tracer uptake in the FR-blocked HeLa tumors (T/M ratio: 2.78 ± 0.68 at 18 h pi). The ex vivo data, including PET imaging and biodistribution, further confirmed the tumor binding specificity of the 64Cu-labeled Mn3O4 NPs. Moreover, the FR-targeted Mn3O4 NPs exhibited efficient T1-weighted MR imaging (MRI), leading to the precise tumor MRI at 18 h pi. PET/MR imaging with the 64Cu-NOTA-FA-FI-PEG-PEI-Ac-Mn3O4 NPs may offer a new quantitative approach to precisely measure the FR in tumors. The strategy of incorporating PEI nanotechnology into the construction of new biomaterials may be applied for the construction of novel nanoplatforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Zhijuan Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peter S. Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Corresponding Authors:. Tel: +86-21-67792656. Fax: +86-21-67792306 804 (X.S.)., . Tel: +1-323-442-3858. Fax: +1-323-442-3253 (K.C.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Corresponding Authors:. Tel: +86-21-67792656. Fax: +86-21-67792306 804 (X.S.)., . Tel: +1-323-442-3858. Fax: +1-323-442-3253 (K.C.)
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24
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Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Guleria A, Shukla R, Kumar C, Vimalnath Nair K, Sarma HD, Tyagi AK, Dash A. Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Intrinsically Radiolabeled and Cyclic RGD Conjugated 199Au Nanoparticles for Potential Use in Nanoscale Brachytherapy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Avesh Kumar Tyagi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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25
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26
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Wong P, Li L, Chea J, Delgado MK, Poku E, Szpikowska B, Bowles N, Minnix M, Colcher D, Wong JYC, Shively JE, Yazaki PJ. Synthesis, Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, and Therapy of Diabody Targeted Drug Lipid Nanoparticles in a Prostate Cancer Murine Model. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 32:247-257. [PMID: 28910151 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood clearance of chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox) can be extended by incorporation into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and further improved by tumor targeting with antibody fragments. We used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in a murine prostate cancer model to evaluate tumor targeting of LNPs incorporating Dox and antiprostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) diabodies. Dox-LNPs were generated by mixing or covalent attachment to water soluble distearoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG)2000. Cu-64 PET imaging was performed with DOTA-conjugated Dox, PEG-LNP, or an anti-PSMA site-specific cysteine-diabody. Since the mixture Dox+PEG-LNP was unstable in serum, further studies utilized Dox covalently bound to LNP ± covalently bound DOTA-cys-diabody (cys-DB)-LNP. Blood clearance of covalent Dox-PEG-LNP was slower than Dox alone or Dox+PEG-LNP. PET imaging of 64Cu-DOTA-Dox-PEG-LNP reached a maximum of 10% ID/g in tumors compared with 3% ID/g of 64Cu-DOTA-Dox, due to the prolonged blood clearance. Mixing 64Cu-DOTA-cys-DB-PEG-LNP with covalent Dox-PEG-LNP gave LNPs containing both drug and tumor targeting cys-DB. The mixed LNPs exhibited increased tumor uptake (15% ID/g) versus untargeted 64Cu-DOTA-Dox-PEG-LNPs (10% ID/g) demonstrating feasibility of the approach. Based on these results, a therapy study with mixed LNPs containing cys-DB-LNP and either Dox-LNP or the antitubulin drug auristatin-LNP showed significant reduction of tumor growth with the auristatin-diabody-LNP mixture, but not the Dox-diabody-LNP mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Wong
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California
| | - Lin Li
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Junie Chea
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Melissa K Delgado
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Erasmus Poku
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Barbara Szpikowska
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Nicole Bowles
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Megan Minnix
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - David Colcher
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jeffrey Y C Wong
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California
| | - John E Shively
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- 2 Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California
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27
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Yuan H, Wilks MQ, Normandin MD, El Fakhri G, Kaittanis C, Josephson L. Heat-induced radiolabeling and fluorescence labeling of Feraheme nanoparticles for PET/SPECT imaging and flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:392-412. [PMID: 29370158 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Feraheme (FH) nanoparticles (NPs) have been used extensively for treatment of iron anemia (due to their slow release of ionic iron in acidic environments). In addition, injected FH NPs are internalized by monocytes and function as MRI biomarkers for the pathological accumulation of monocytes in disease. We have recently expanded these applications by radiolabeling FH NPs for positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging using a heat-induced radiolabeling (HIR) strategy. Imaging FH NPs using PET/SPECT has important advantages over MRI due to lower iron doses and improved quantitation of tissue NP concentrations. HIR of FH NPs leaves the physical and biological properties of the NPs unchanged and allows researchers to build on the extensive knowledge obtained about the pharmacokinetic and safety aspects of FH NPs. In this protocol, we present the step-by-step procedures for heat (120 °C)-induced bonding of three widely employed radiocations (89Zr4+ or 64Cu2+ for PET, and 111In3+ for SPECT) to FH NPs using a chelateless radiocation surface adsorption (RSA) approach. In addition, we describe the conversion of FH carboxyl groups into amines and their reaction with an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) of a Cy5.5 fluorophore. This yields Cy5.5-FH, a fluorescent FH that enables the cells internalizing Cy5.5-FH to be examined using flow cytometry. Finally, we describe procedures for in vivo and ex vivo uptake of Cy5.5-FH by monocytes and for in vivo microPET/CT imaging of HIR-FH NPs. Synthesis of HIR-FH requires experience with working with radioactive cations and can be completed within <4 h. Synthesis of Cy5.5-FH NPs takes ∼17 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hushan Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moses Q Wilks
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charalambos Kaittanis
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Berke S, Kampmann AL, Wuest M, Bailey JJ, Glowacki B, Wuest F, Jurkschat K, Weberskirch R, Schirrmacher R. 18F-Radiolabeling and In Vivo Analysis of SiFA-Derivatized Polymeric Core–Shell Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:89-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Berke
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Anne-Larissa Kampmann
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Frank Wuest
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | | | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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