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Hao L, Zhong X, Yu R, Chen J, Li W, Chen Y, Lu W, Wu J, Wang P. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Decipher the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Magnolol on LPS-induced RAW264.7 Cells. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:462-478. [PMID: 37818577 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073255964230927105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnolol is beneficial against inflammation-mediated damage. However, the underlying mechanisms by which magnolol exerts anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages remain unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, network pharmacology and experimental validation were used to assess the effect of magnolol on inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genes related to magnolol were identified in the PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction databases, and gene information about macrophage polarization was retrieved from the GeneCards, OMIM, and PharmGKB databases. Analysis of protein-protein interactions was performed with STRING, and Cytoscape was used to construct a component-target-disease network. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to ascertain significant molecular biological processes and signaling pathways. LPS was used to construct the inflammatory cell model. ELISA and qRT.PCR were used to examine the expression levels of inflammationassociated factors, immunofluorescence was used to examine macrophage markers (CD86 and CD206), and western blotting was used to examine protein expression levels. RESULTS The hub target genes of magnolol that act on macrophage polarization were MDM2, MMP9, IL-6, TNF, EGFR, AKT1, and ERBB2. The experimental validation results showed that magnolol treatment decreased the levels of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Moreover, the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10 and IL-4) were increased. In addition, magnolol upregulated the expression of M2 markers (Agr-1, Fizzl, and CD206) and downregulated M1 markers (CD86). The cell experiment results supported the network pharmacological results and demonstrated that magnolol alleviated inflammation by modulating the PI3k-Akt and P62/keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION According to network pharmacology and experimental validation, magnolol attenuated inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells mainly by inhibiting M1 polarization and enhancing M2 polarization by activating the PI3K/Akt and P62/keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Surgery Two, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runjia Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Surgery Two, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of Surgery Two, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- Department of Surgery Two, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peizong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P.R. China
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Yu CP, Li PY, Chen SY, Lin SP, Hou YC. Magnolol and Honokiol Inhibited the Function and Expression of BCRP with Mechanism Exploration. Molecules 2021; 26:7390. [PMID: 34885972 PMCID: PMC8659015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), one of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, was associated with the multidrug resistance (MDR) of chemotherapy. Magnolol (MN) and honokiol (HK) are major bioactive polyphenols of Magnolia officinalis. This study investigated the effects of MN and HK on the function and expression of BCRP for the purpose of developing BCRP inhibitor to overcome MDR. Cell lines including MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII-WT were used for evaluating the function and expression of BCRP. The results showed that MN (100-12.5 µM) and HK (100-12.5 µM) significantly decreased the function of BCRP by 80~12% and 67~14%, respectively. In addition, MN and HK were verified as substrates of BCRP. Furthermore, MN and HK reduced the protein expression of BCRP, and inhibited the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). In conclusion, both MN and HK decreased the function and expression of BCRP via EGFR/PI3K signaling pathway. Therefore, both compounds were promising candidates for reversing the MDR of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ping Yu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-P.Y.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Li
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-P.Y.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-P.Y.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Shiuan-Pey Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-P.Y.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Chi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-P.Y.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Zhang X, Wang J, Sui A, Zhang N, Lv Q, Liu Z. Antinociceptive Effect of Magnolol in a Neuropathic Pain Model of Mouse. J Pain Res 2021; 14:2083-2093. [PMID: 34267552 PMCID: PMC8275150 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s317204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Neuropathic pain remains a clinical challenge with limited effective treatments. Previous studies have found that magnolol (Mag), an ingredient existing in some herbs, showed neuroprotective effect. However, it remains unclear whether Mag can alleviate neuropathic pain. METHODS Chronic constriction injury (CCI) is used as the neuropathic pain model. Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham, CCI, CCI + 5, 10, 30 mg/kg Mag groups. Thermal and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold were performed at baseline and on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th days post-surgery. Lumbar spinal cord and blood samples were collected on the 14th day. Blood lipid profile, kidney and liver functions, as well as the activation of microglia were evaluated, along with the related signal pathway examined using multiple methods including immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Mag alleviated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in CCI mice. CCI activated microglia and upregulated the expression of P2Y12, while Mag inhibited microglial activation, and downregulated the expression of P2Y12. Mag also blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and other pain-related cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that Mag has antinociceptive effect on neuropathic pain, probably mediated through P2Y12 receptors and p38 MAPK mediated pathways. With its relatively safe profile, Mag may be a potential therapeutic agent for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Sui
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiulan Lv
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
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Lin Y, Li Y, Zeng Y, Tian B, Qu X, Yuan Q, Song Y. Pharmacology, Toxicity, Bioavailability, and Formulation of Magnolol: An Update. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632767. [PMID: 33815113 PMCID: PMC8010308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolol (MG) is one of the primary active components of Magnoliae officinalis cortex, which has been widely used in traditional Chinese and Japanese herbal medicine and possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities. In recent years, attention has been drawn to this component due to its potential as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor drug. To summarize the new biological and pharmacological data on MG, we screened the literature from January 2011 to October 2020. In this review, we provide an actualization of already known anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protection, antiangiogenesis, antidiabetes, hypoglycemic, antioxidation, neuroprotection, gastrointestinal protection, and antibacterial activities of MG. Besides, results from studies on antitumor activity are presented. We also summarized the molecular mechanisms, toxicity, bioavailability, and formulations of MG. Therefore, we provide a valid cognition of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuke Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanlian Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianghua Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Han Q, Liu Q, Zhang H, Lu M, Wang H, Tang F, Zhang Y. Simvastatin Improves Cardiac Hypertrophy in Diabetic Rats by Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Calpain-1-Mediated Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB). Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1232-1241. [PMID: 30767945 PMCID: PMC6383435 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has been reported to exert multiple protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the molecular mechanism remains to be examined. The present study was designed to study the effects of simvastatin on cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats and to explore its potential mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into a control (Con) group, a streptozotocin (STZ) group, and a STZ+simvastatin (STZ+SIM) group. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by using dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. The protein expressions of p65, IκBα, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), calpain-1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were examined by Western blot analysis. qPCR was used to detect the levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). RESULTS Simvastatin improved the cardiac hypertrophy of diabetic rats, as demonstrated by decreases in the ratios of left ventricular weight/body weight (LVW/BW) and heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and by the downregulation of mRNA expression of BNP and ANP in the heart tissue. Simvastatin decreased the protein expressions of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, increased eNOS protein expression, and limited an increase in ROS levels in the heart tissue. Simvastatin increased IkBa protein expression in cytoplasm and inhibited the translocation of p65, the subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus from the cytoplasm of the heart tissue. Furthermore, simvastatin attenuated the activity of calpain and calpain-1 protein expression in heart tissue. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats, which might be due to the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation induced by calpain-1-mediated activation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
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