1
|
van Spijk JN, Lo HC, Merle R, Richter IG, Diemar A, Stoeckle SD, Gehlen H. Serum and Urinary Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Concentrations in Dehydrated Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3776. [PMID: 38136813 PMCID: PMC10741069 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in renal tissue in human kidney disease, but its role as a biomarker for kidney disease has not been fully evaluated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum MMP-9 (sMMP-9) and urinary MMP-9 (uMMP-9) concentrations in dehydrated horses. Dehydrated horses were prospectively included. Blood and urinary samples were taken at admission, and after 12, 24, and 48 h (t0, t12, t24, t48), an anti-equine MMP-9 sandwich ELISA was used. Four healthy horses served as the controls. Serum creatinine, urea, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urine-specific gravity, urinary protein concentration, fractional sodium excretion, and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase/creatinine ratio (uGGT/Cr) were measured. Statistical analysis included a repeated measures ANOVA and mixed linear regression model. Overall, 40 dehydrated horses were included (mild dehydration 13/40, moderate 16/40, severe 11/40). Acute kidney injury was found in 1/40 horses; 7/40 horses showed elevated serum creatinine, 11/40 horses elevated serum SDMA, and 5/28 elevated uGGT/Cr at presentation. In dehydrated horses, sMMP-9 concentrations were significantly higher on t0 (median: 589 ng/mL, range: 172-3597 ng/mL) compared to t12 (340 ng/mL, 132-1213 ng/mL), t24 (308 ng/mL, 162-1048 ng/mL), and t48 (258 ng/mL, 130-744 ng/mL). In healthy horses, sMMP-9 (239 ng/mL, 142-508 ng/mL) showed no differences over time or compared to patients. uMMP-9 and uMMP-9/creatinine did not differ over time or to the controls. No differences were found between dehydration groups. Urinary casts (p = 0.001; estimate = 135) and uGGT/Cr (p = 0.03; estimate = 6.5) correlated with sMMP-9. Serum urea was associated with uMMP-9/Cr (p = 0.01, estimate 0.9). In conclusion, sMMP-9 was elevated at arrival in dehydrated patients compared to later measurements. Correlations to uGGT/Cr and urinary casts need further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. van Spijk
- Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.N.v.S.); (H.-C.L.); (H.G.)
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hsiao-Chien Lo
- Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.N.v.S.); (H.-C.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ina-Gabriele Richter
- Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; (I.-G.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Anne Diemar
- Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; (I.-G.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Sabita D. Stoeckle
- Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.N.v.S.); (H.-C.L.); (H.G.)
- Equine Clinic, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.N.v.S.); (H.-C.L.); (H.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morales-Vázquez MM, Meza-Serrano E, Lara-Pereyra I, Acuña-González RJ, Alonso-Morales R, Hayen-Valles S, Boeta AM, Zarco L, Lozano-Cuenca J, López-Canales JS, Flores-Herrera H. Equine Placentitis in Mares Induces the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine eIL-1β and the Active Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Vet Sci 2023; 10:532. [PMID: 37756054 PMCID: PMC10536981 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine placentitis is characterized by infection and inflammation of the placenta. Different biomarkers associated with this inflammatory response have been evaluated in experimentally induced equine placentitis, but not in pregnant mares with spontaneous placentitis. The aim of the current study was to determine the concentration of eIL-1β and the activity of proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 in the serum of healthy mares and mares with placentitis on days 240 and 320 of gestation to explore whether these biomarkers are associated with equine maternal placentitis and/or with the birth of an infected or inviable foals. Serum samples were collected from sixteen pregnant English Thoroughbred mares, retrospectively classified as follows: (1) healthy mares with full-term gestation; and (2) mares with ultrasonographic signs of placentitis. The health of each foal was examined at birth, and it was decided to classify the cases into four groups: (1) healthy mares delivering a healthy foals (HM-HF, n = 6); (2) mares with USP delivering a healthy foal (USP-HF, n = 3); (3) mares with USP delivering a live septic foal (USP-LSeF, n = 4); and (4) mares with USP delivering a dead foal (USP-DF, n = 3). eIL-1β was quantified by ELISA, and proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activity by gelatin zymography electrophoresis. In healthy mares, the serum concentrations of eIL-1β underwent a significant 16.5-fold increase from day 240 to day 320 of gestation. Although similar results were found in the mares with ultrasonographic signs of placentitis that delivered a healthy foal, those delivering a live septic or nonviable foal exhibited much higher concentrations of eIL-1β. proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activity was not associated with maternal placentitis, foal infection, or death. Hence, the presence of placentitis severe enough to affect the health of the foal can be confirmed or discarded by determining the eIL-1β concentration in mares that have shown ultrasonographic signs of placentitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Margarita Morales-Vázquez
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología “Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes” INPerIER, Ciudad de México 11000, CP, Mexico; (M.M.M.-V.); (R.J.A.-G.)
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, CP, Mexico; (E.M.-S.); (S.H.-V.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Europa Meza-Serrano
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, CP, Mexico; (E.M.-S.); (S.H.-V.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Irlando Lara-Pereyra
- Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital General de Zona 252, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Atlacomulco 28984, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Josué Acuña-González
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología “Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes” INPerIER, Ciudad de México 11000, CP, Mexico; (M.M.M.-V.); (R.J.A.-G.)
| | - Rogelio Alonso-Morales
- Genética, Laboratorio de Biotecnologías, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, CP, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Hayen-Valles
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, CP, Mexico; (E.M.-S.); (S.H.-V.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Ana Myriam Boeta
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, CP, Mexico; (E.M.-S.); (S.H.-V.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Luis Zarco
- Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Ovina, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tres Marías, Ciudad de México 62515, Mexico;
| | - Jair Lozano-Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología “Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes” INPerIER, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (J.L.-C.); (J.S.L.-C.)
| | - Jorge Skiold López-Canales
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología “Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes” INPerIER, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (J.L.-C.); (J.S.L.-C.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Héctor Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología “Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes” INPerIER, Ciudad de México 11000, CP, Mexico; (M.M.M.-V.); (R.J.A.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC. The Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Adult Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101597. [PMID: 37238029 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review firstly examines the underlying pathophysiology of pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic disease and endotoxemia. Then, it reviews the clinical pharmacology (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) of both conventional and non-conventional NSAIDs in the adult horse, and finally provides an overview of different modalities to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mercer
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Harold C McKenzie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barton C, Hassel DM. Critical Care of the Colic Patient: Monitoring, Fluid Therapy, and More. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00023-8. [PMID: 37169620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A successful outcome to management of the critical colic patient is highly dependent on how the patient is monitored and treated, particularly, in the perioperative period. In this article, we will provide an update on monitoring techniques, advances in fluid therapy, nutrition management and pharmacotherapeutic agents, inclusive of pain monitoring and management, prokinetics, and management of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the hypercoagulable state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Barton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biological Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Diana M Hassel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biological Sciences, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: from acute phase proteins to procalcitonin. Anim Health Res Rev 2022; 23:82-99. [PMID: 35795920 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252322000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome triggered by an inflammatory host response to an infection. It is usually complicated to detect and diagnose, and has severe consequences in human and veterinary health, especially when treatment is not started early. Therefore, efforts to detect sepsis accurately are needed. In addition, its proper diagnosis could reduce the misuse of antibiotics, which is essential fighting against antimicrobial resistance. This case is a particular issue in farm animals, as antibiotics have been traditionally given massively, but now they are becoming increasingly restricted. When sepsis is suspected in animals, the most frequently used biomarkers are acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, but their concentrations can increase in other inflammatory conditions. In human patients, the most promising biomarkers to detect sepsis are currently procalcitonin and presepsin, and there is a wide range of other biomarkers under study. However, there is little information on the application of these biomarkers in veterinary species. This review aims to describe the general concepts of sepsis and the current knowledge about the biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses, and cattle and to discuss possible advances in the field.
Collapse
|
6
|
Leise BS, Fugler LA. Laminitis Updates: Sepsis/Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome-Associated Laminitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:639-656. [PMID: 34782098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) -associated laminitis is a sequela to primary inflammatory conditions (eg, colitis, ischemic intestinal injury, pneumonia, metritis) and results from a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response that ultimately affects the digital lamellae. Local chemokine production, leukocyte migration, and proinflammatory mediator production occur within the lamellae that can lead to catastrophic lamellar failure. Controlling the primary disease, providing supportive care and anti-inflammatory therapy, applying digital cryotherapy, and providing mechanical support are cornerstones to the prevention of sepsis/SIRS-associated laminitis. Novel therapies targeting specific signaling pathways may provide additional therapeutic options in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Sigrid Leise
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Lee Ann Fugler
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grenager NS. Endocrinopathic Laminitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:619-638. [PMID: 34674908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrinopathic laminitis (EL) primarily occurs because of insulin dysregulation (ID) mediated through downstream effects of insulin on IGF-1R in lamellar tissues. There is likely contributing vascular and metabolic dysfunction within the lamellae, but EL is relatively non-inflammatory. EL is associated with lamellar stretching, proliferation, and failure, ultimately causing failure of the suspensory apparatus of the distal phalanx. Proper education regarding mitigating risk factors makes this a largely preventable cause of laminitis. Annual hoof evaluation plus screening geriatric horses for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and ID, and younger horses for ID, can significantly decrease the incidence of this devastating condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Grenager
- Steinbeck Peninsula Equine Clinics, 100 Ansel Lane, Menlo Park, CA 94028, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kalka A, Harding PG, Cullimore AM. Focal peritarsal cellulitis with long digital extensor tenosynovitis. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kalka
- Ascot Equine Veterinarians Ascot Western Australia Australia
| | - P. G. Harding
- Ascot Equine Veterinarians Ascot Western Australia Australia
| | - A. M. Cullimore
- Ascot Equine Veterinarians Ascot Western Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bioguided Fractionation of Local Plants against Matrix Metalloproteinase9 and Its Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Models: In Silico and In Vitro Study (Part II). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051464. [PMID: 33800366 PMCID: PMC7962846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, the partitions (1 mg/mL) of Ageratum conyzoides (AC) aerial parts and Ixora coccinea (IC) leaves showed inhibitions of 94% and 96%, respectively, whereas their fractions showed IC50 43 and 116 µg/mL, respectively, toward Matrix Metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), an enzyme that catalyzes a proteolysis of extracellular matrix. In this present study, we performed IC50 determinations for AC n-hexane, IC n-hexane, and IC ethylacetate partitions, followed by the cytotoxicity study of individual partitions against MDA-MB-231, 4T1, T47D, MCF7, and Vero cell lines. Successive fractionations from AC n-hexane and IC ethylacetate partitions led to the isolation of two compounds, oxytetracycline (OTC) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The result showed that AC n-hexane, IC n-hexane, and IC ethylacetate partitions inhibit MMP9 with their respective IC50 as follows: 246.1 µg/mL, 5.66 µg/mL, and 2.75 × 10−2 µg/mL. Toward MDA-MB-231, 4T1, T47D, and MCF7, AC n-hexane demonstrated IC50 2.05, 265, 109.70, and 2.11 µg/mL, respectively, whereas IC ethylacetate showed IC50 1.92, 57.5, 371.5, and 2.01 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitions toward MMP9 by OTC were indicated by its IC50 18.69 µM, whereas DOP was inactive. A molecular docking study suggested that OTC prefers to bind to PEX9 rather than its catalytic domain. Against 4T1, OTC showed inhibition with IC50 414.20 µM. In conclusion, this study furtherly supports the previous finding that AC and IC are two herbals with potential to be developed as triple-negative anti-breast cancer agents.
Collapse
|
10
|
Barton AK, Richter IG, Ahrens T, Merle R, Alalwani A, Lilge S, Purschke K, Barnewitz D, Gehlen H. MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9501478. [PMID: 33488296 PMCID: PMC7803393 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9501478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to compare the results of sepsis scoring (clinical examination and clinical pathology) to the concentrations of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -8, and -9; tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -2; and inflammatory chemokines interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α) in plasma and peritoneal fluid of equine colic patients. A modified sepsis scoring including general condition, heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mucous membranes, white blood cell count (WBC), and ionized calcium was applied in 47 horses presented with clinical signs of colic. Using this scoring system, horses were classified as negative (n = 32, ≤6/19 points), questionable (n = 9, 7-9/19 points), or positive (n = 6, ≥10/19 points) for sepsis. MMPs, TIMPs, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated in plasma and peritoneal fluid using species-specific sandwich ELISA kits. In a linear discriminant analysis, all parameters of sepsis scoring apart from calcium separated well between sepsis severity groups (P < 0.05). MMP-9 was the only biomarker of high diagnostic value, while all others remained insignificant. A significant influence of overall sepsis scoring on MMP-9 was found for peritoneal fluid (P = 0.005) with a regression coefficient of 0.092, while no association was found for plasma (P = 0.085). Using a MMP-9 concentration of >113 ng/ml in the peritoneal fluid was found to be the ideal cutoff to identify positive sepsis scoring (≥10/19 points; sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 82.9%). In conclusion, MMP-9 was found to be a biomarker of high diagnostic value for sepsis and endotoxemia in equine colic. The evaluation of peritoneal fluid seems preferable in comparison to plasma. As abdominocentesis is commonly performed in the diagnostic work-up of equine colic, a pen-side assay would be useful and easy-to-perform diagnostic support in the decision for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ina-Gabriele Richter
- Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Tanja Ahrens
- Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Lilge
- Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Barnewitz
- Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li S, Zheng X, Ding M, Tao Z, Zhang J, Zhang N. Change in Proteolytic Profile in Heifers After Oligofructose Overload. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:580375. [PMID: 33392282 PMCID: PMC7775515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminitis in cattle is an important underlying cause of lameness, which leads to a significant reduction in economic and animal welfare. Nevertheless, the disordered pathological processes of laminitis remain unclear. Several proteinases are probably involved in the disorder of basement membrane (BM) metabolism in laminitis, for instance, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). This study aimed to investigate the change in proteolytic profile in circulating and lamellar tissues using an oligofructose (OF) overload-induced laminitis model in heifers. Twelve clinically healthy and nonlame Chinese Holstein heifers were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: OF-induced and control (CON). The OF-induced heifers group (n = 6) was administered 17 g/kg of body weight (BW) of OF dissolved in 2 L/100 kg of BW of tap water via the oral-rumen tube. The CON group (n = 6) was given an equal volume of tap water. The plasma samples were collected 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after administration, and the lamellar samples were collected 72 h after euthanasia. The plasma samples were analyzed by zymography and reverse zymography. Histological examination, zymography, reverse zymography, and Western blot of lamellar samples were conducted. In the plasma of the OF-induced group, the pro-MMP9 activity increased from 36 h (P < 0.001) to 60 h (P < 0.05). Moreover, the plasma tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) activity decreased after 18 h (P < 0.05), while the ratio of pro-MMP9 to TIMP1 and TIMP2 increased after 18 h (P < 0.001) and 48 h (P < 0.05), respectively. The act-MMP2, pro-MMP9, and act-MMP9 activities increased in the lamellar tissue of the OF-induced group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of lamellar NE protein was higher in the OF-induced group (P < 0.01), while no change was found in lamellar MPO protein compared with the CON group. In conclusion, increased pro-MMP9 combined with decreased TIMP1 activity in the circulation might have caused the activation of blood neutrophils, while the activation of proteolytic enzymes in lamellar tissue probably led to the dysfunction of BM in the OF-induced group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyuan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Steimer T, Bauer A, Kienzle E, Mueller RS. Canine symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis in bearded collies. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:411-e124. [PMID: 31328335 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis (SLO) is a disease not infrequently seen in bearded collie dogs in Germany. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare historical and clinical data, as well as the mineral content of the hair and claws of bearded collies with SLO with that of normal control dogs. ANIMALS Twenty-eight affected bearded collie dogs and 39 control dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Owners completed an extensive questionnaire regarding upbringing, environmental conditions and diets. Claw specimens were obtained by claw trimming or gathering lost claws; hairs were obtained by plucking samples from several areas of the body; samples were converted to ash and evaluated in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS Clinical signs in affected dogs eventually involved all claws on all paws. In twelve dogs recurrence of onychomadesis was observed. There was no relevant association between gender, housing, diet and health management, physical stress and the development of SLO with exception of the age at which more intense exercise began. The most commonly used treatment combination was fatty acids, pentoxifylline and tetracycline; improvement occurred in 17 animals. Calcium, sodium and phosphorus concentrations were higher in the claws of affected dogs, whereas zinc concentrations were lower. The mineral content of hair samples of the affected dogs was not significantly different than controls. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis in bearded collies is clinically similar to what has been described in other breeds with regard to clinical signs and response to treatment. Early strenuous activity may increase the risk for disease occurrence in this breed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Steimer
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bauer
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Akademiestrasse 1, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Kienzle
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstrasse 8, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The role of neutrophils in equine laminitis. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 371:541-550. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Plotnikov MB, Aliev OI, Shamanaev AY, Sidekhmenova AV, Anfinogenova Y, Anishchenko AM, Fomina TI, Arkhipov AM. Effects of pentoxifylline on hemodynamic, hemorheological, and microcirculatory parameters in young SHRs during arterial hypertension development. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:570-578. [PMID: 28722518 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1291662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The most common form of hypertension in young adults is isolated diastolic hypertension. Diastolic arterial pressure is determined by the total peripheral resistance and depends on both vascular hindrance and blood viscosity. The aim of our work was to study the efficiency of pentoxifylline (PTX) in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) during the development of arterial hypertension. The effects of a treatment course with PTX (100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 6 weeks, from 5 to 11 weeks old) on the mean, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure (BP); stroke volume; cardiac output; total peripheral resistance (TPR); whole blood viscosity (BV); plasma viscosity; hematocrit; RBC aggregation and deformability; local cerebral blood flow (lCBF); and microvascularization of the visual cortex were studied in SHRs in comparison with control SHRs and Wistar Kyoto rats. PTX-treated SHRs had significantly lower systolic, diastolic, and mean BP (by 24%, 26%, and 15%, respectively) and BV (by 5-9%) and a higher erythrocyte deformability index (by 1.5-2%), lCBF (by 42%), average diameter of capillaries (by 11%), density of the capillary network (by 23%), and percentage of capillaries with a diameter of 3-7 µm in comparison with control SHRs. In conclusion, PTX exerted positive effects on the hemodynamic, hemorheological, and microcirculatory parameters in SHRs during the development of arterial hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Oleg I Aliev
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Alexander Y Shamanaev
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sidekhmenova
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- b Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia.,c RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Anna M Anishchenko
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Tatiana I Fomina
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Alexander M Arkhipov
- a Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , Tomsk , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors are influenced by inhalative glucocorticoid therapy in combination with environmental dust reduction in equine recurrent airway obstruction. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:282. [PMID: 27938355 PMCID: PMC5148864 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been shown to lead to tissue damage in equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), as a misbalance with their natural inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), occurs. This favors irreversible pulmonary fibrosis formation. Increased levels of MMPs, TIMPs or altered ratios between them can be used as biomarkers of respiratory disease. We hypothesized that levels of MMPs, TIMPs and their ratios correlate with improvement in clinical findings and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology after 10 days of inhalative glucocorticoid therapy and environmental dust reduction (EDR) and may be used to monitor treatment success. Ten horses with a history of RAO participated in a prospective clinical study. Clinical and cytological scoring was performed before and after inhalative therapy using budesonide (1500 μg BID over 10 days) and EDR (bedding of wood shavings and wet hay as roughage). Gelatin zymography was performed for qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in BALF supernatant, while fluorimetry was used to evaluate MMP-8 activity. Additionally, specific equine ELISA assays were used for quantitative assessment of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Results A significant reduction in the total and several single parameters of the clinical score were found after 10 days of inhalative therapy and EDR. The concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 (ELISA) as well as their activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymography and MMP-8 fluorimetry) were significantly decreased after therapy. Significant improvements in MMP-8/TIMP-1 and MMP-8/TIMP-2 ratios were also found, differences between other ratios before and after therapy were insignificant. Conclusions Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, in particular MMP-9 and TIMP-2, are valuable markers for clinical improvement in RAO.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mitchell CF, Fugler LA, Eades SC. The management of equine acute laminitis. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2014; 6:39-47. [PMID: 30101095 PMCID: PMC6067769 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s39967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laminitis is an extremely painful condition resulting in damage to the soft tissues anchoring the third phalanx to the hoof, which can result in life-threatening debilitation. Specific therapy is not available. The most important principles of therapy include aggressive nutritional and medical management of primary disease processes, cryotherapy, anti-inflammatory therapy, pain management, and biomechanical support. This review focuses on the principles of evidenced-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Mitchell
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA,
| | - Lee Ann Fugler
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA,
| | - Susan C Eades
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cook VL, Blikslager AT. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in critically ill horses. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 25:76-88. [PMID: 25521286 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the physiology of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes with reference to the beneficial effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) related to their analgesic and antiendotoxic properties as well as the mechanisms responsible for adverse gastrointestinal, renal, and coagulation effects. DATA SOURCES Human and veterinary peer reviewed literature VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS NSAIDs are frequently administered to critically ill horses for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, NSAIDs have significant side effects principally on the gastrointestinal mucosa and kidneys. These side effects may be exacerbated in critically ill horses if they have gastrointestinal damage or are volume depleted CONCLUSIONS This review provides important information for equine veterinarians and criticalists on the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional NSAIDs and newer equine COX-2 selective NSAIDs for the management of different conditions in critically ill horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Cook
- From the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Cook); and
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsuda A, Ishizaka S, Sato H, Oida K, Amagai Y, Jang H, Tanaka A, Matsuda H. Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibitor as a Preventive Factor of Digital Hypothermia Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Despite advances in neonatal intensive care sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock remain the biggest killers of neonatal foals. Management of this severe syndrome remains difficult, requiring intensive intervention. Key aspects of management include infection control, hemodynamic support, immunomodulatory interventions, and metabolic/endocrine support. Infection control largely consists of early antimicrobial therapy, plasma transfusions, and local therapy for the infected focus. In cases with severe sepsis or septic shock, hemodynamic support with fluids, vasoactive agents, and respiratory support insuring oxygen delivery to vital organs is important. Nutritional support is important, but close monitoring is needed to avoid hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
Collapse
|