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Miguel-Garcés M, Gonçalves R, Quintana R, Álvarez P, Beckmann KM, Alcoverro E, Moioli M, Ives EJ, Madden M, Gomes SA, Galban E, Bentley T, Santifort KM, Vanhaesebrouk A, Briola C, Montoliu P, Ibaseta U, Carrera I. Magnetic resonance imaging pattern recognition of metabolic and neurodegenerative encephalopathies in dogs and cats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1390971. [PMID: 39139602 PMCID: PMC11319130 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1390971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic/neurodegenerative encephalopathies encompass a wide list of conditions that share similar clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, challenging the diagnostic process and resulting in numerous tests performed in order to reach a definitive diagnosis. The aims of this multicentric, retrospective and descriptive study are: (I) to describe the MRI features of dogs and cats with metabolic/neurodegenerative encephalopathies; (II) to attempt an MRI recognition pattern classifying these conditions according to the involvement of grey matter, white matter or both; and (III) to correlate the MRI findings with previous literature. A total of 100 cases were recruited, comprising 81 dogs and 19 cats. These included hepatic encephalopathy (20 dogs and three cats), myelinolysis (five dogs), intoxications (seven dogs and one cat), thiamine deficiency (two dogs and seven cats), hypertensive encephalopathy (three dogs and two cats), neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (11 dogs and one cat), gangliosidosis (three dogs and two cats), fucosidosis (one dog), L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (13 dogs and one cat), Lafora disease (11 dogs), spongiform leukoencephalomyelopathy (one dog) and cerebellar cortical degeneration (four dogs and two cats). None of the hepatic encephalopathies showed the previously described T1-weighted hyperintensity of the lentiform nuclei. Instead, there was involvement of the cerebellar nuclei (8/23), which is a feature not previously described. Dogs with myelinolysis showed novel involvement of a specific white matter structure, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (5/5). Thiamine deficiency affected numerous deep grey nuclei with novel involvement of the oculomotor nuclei (3/9), thalamic nuclei, subthalamus and cerebellar nuclei (1/9). Cats with hypertensive encephalopathy had a more extensive distribution of the white matter changes when compared to dogs, extending from the parietal and occipital lobes into the frontal lobes with associated mass effect and increased brain volume. Lysosomal storage disease showed white matter involvement only, with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis characterised by severe brain atrophy when compared to gangliosidosis and fucosidosis. All patients with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria had a characteristic T2-weighted hyperintense swelling of the cerebral and cerebellar cortical grey matter, resulting in increased brain volume. Lafora disease cases showed either normal brain morphology (5/11) or mild brain atrophy (6/11). Dogs with cerebellar cortical degeneration had more marked cerebellar atrophy when compared to cats. This study shows the important role of MRI in distinguishing different metabolic/neurodegenerative encephalopathies according to specific imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Miguel-Garcés
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Independent Vetcare (IVC) Evidensia, Ringwood, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Gonçalves
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Quintana
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Álvarez
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Pride Veterinary Referrals, Independent Vetcare (IVC) Ltd., Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin M. Beckmann
- Section of Neurology, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emili Alcoverro
- ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Melania Moioli
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edward J. Ives
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Linnaeus Veterinary Ltd., Hursley, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Madden
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio A. Gomes
- Dovecote Veterinary Hospital, Castle Donington, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyn Galban
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tim Bentley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Koen M. Santifort
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, Netherlands
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
| | - An Vanhaesebrouk
- Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, Veterinary Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Briola
- Diagnostic Imaging Service, The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre, Marlow, United Kingdom
- VetCT, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Montoliu
- Anicura Ars Veterinaria Hospital Veterinari, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Veterinari Costa Brava, Girona, Spain
| | - Unai Ibaseta
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Veterinario Menes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
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Niemann L, Beckmann K, Iannucci C, Wang Leandro A, Vigani A. Diagnosis of post-attenuation neurological signs syndrome in a cat with refractory status epilepticus and clinical response to therapeutic plasma exchange. JFMS Open Rep 2022; 8:20551169221121919. [PMID: 36132424 PMCID: PMC9484050 DOI: 10.1177/20551169221121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 8-year-old female spayed British Shorthair cat that underwent surgical portosystemic
shunt (PSS) attenuation developed progressive neurological signs 7 days postoperatively.
Neurological signs progressed, despite medical management, and seizure activity became
rapidly refractory to anticonvulsants. The diagnosis of post-attenuation neurological
signs (PANS) was made based on the timing of the occurrence of clinical signs following
surgery, absence of hyperammonaemia and suggestive MRI findings of the brain. The cat
developed status epilepticus that required treatment with general anaesthesia and
mechanical ventilation, from which the cat could not be effectively weaned without the
recurrence of seizures. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed as a rescue
therapy for PANS and associated refractory status epilepticus. A total of two plasma
volumes were processed during one single TPE session. The seizure activity resolved
immediately after the TPE session, the cat showed progressive improvement of
neurological signs and remained stable thereafter. No significant complications
associated with the TPE were observed. The cat was discharged 11 days after admission
and was fully recovered. Relevance and novel information This is an unusual report of PANS diagnosed in a cat based on clinical and MRI
findings. The cat developed refractory status epilepticus and had a positive outcome
following TPE as rescue therapy. The MRI findings in this report could be useful for the
diagnosis of PANS in cats. We speculate that TPE could be taken into consideration as a
possible therapeutic intervention in PANS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Niemann
- Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Iannucci
- Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Wang Leandro
- Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Vigani
- Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tauro A, Di Dona F, Zoelch N, Stent A. Fluctuation of Clinical Signs With Near-Syncopal Episodes in a Dog With Gliomatosis Cerebri: A Diagnostic Challenge. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 43:100508. [PMID: 33434679 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old Bull Mastiff cross Boxer neutered male dog was evaluated because of 2-month history of non-progressive right head tilt and mild vestibular ataxia. MRI of the brain revealed a faint T2W, FLAIR, DWI and ADC heterogenous hyperintense and T1W isointense intra-axial lesion with indistinct margins at the level of the pons and medulla oblongata. The lesion did not show any susceptibility artefact on T2* GRE images or contrast enhancement and CSF analysis was normal. Analysis of the spectra from MRS of the thalamus not promptly available at the time of the MRI study revealed a decreased level of NAA, as seen in people with gliomatosis cerebri. The dog represented 3 weeks later and, on this occasion, displayed left-sided head tilt, left-sided postural reaction deficits and near-syncopal episodes associated with state of confusion. Repeated MRI revealed a larger non-enhancing intra-axial lesion with a more hyperintense signal than previously described. CSF was normal and PCR of CSF for infectious diseases was negative. Thoracic and abdominal computed tomography did not reveal any primary or metastatic process. Immunosuppressive treatment was attempted and the dog remained stable over 5 days, then developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures which led to status epilepticus and death. Histopathology supported the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Gliomatosis cerebri remains difficult to diagnose ante-mortem, due to the broad age of onset and the variable duration and wide range of clinical signs. The mismatch between MRI findings and clinical presentation, the fluctuating clinical signs with near-syncopal episodes associated with a state of confusion, the presence of an infiltrative brain disease as depicted on MR imaging and a normal CSF analysis, should prompt the clinician to consider possible diagnosis of a widespread infiltrative neoplasm. Although, MRS may help narrow the differential diagnosis in favor of a neoplastic lesion, the overall prognosis remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tauro
- Chestergates Veterinary Specialists, Chester, Cheshire, UK.
| | | | - Niklaus Zoelch
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Stent
- University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria, Australia
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Williams A, Gow A, Kilpatrick S, Tivers M, Lipscomb V, Smith K, Day MO, Jeffery N, Mellanby RJ. Astrocyte lesions in cerebral cortex and cerebellum of dogs with congenital ortosystemic shunting. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e44. [PMID: 32476318 PMCID: PMC7263922 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS) is one of the most common congenital disorders diagnosed in dogs. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication in dogs with a cPSS and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite HE been a major cause of morbidity in dogs with a cPSS, little is known about the cellular changes that occur in the central nervous system of dogs with a cPSS. Objectives The objective of this study was to characterise the histological changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of dogs with cPSS with particular emphasis on astrocyte morphology. Methods Eight dogs with a confirmed cPSS were included in the study. Results Six dogs had substantial numbers of Alzheimer type II astrocytes and all cases had increased immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebral cortex, even if there were minimal other morphological changes. Conclusions This study demonstrates that dogs with a cPSS have marked cellular changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The cellular changes that occur in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of dogs with spontaneously arising HE are similar to changes which occur in humans with HE, further validating dogs with a cPSS as a good model for human HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alun Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Gow
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Kilpatrick
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Mickey Tivers
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Lipscomb
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, AL97TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Smith
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, AL97TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Oliver Day
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Jeffery
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Richard John Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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Olszewska A, Schmidt MJ, Failing K, Nicpoń J, Podgórski P, Wrzosek MA. Interictal Single-Voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Temporal Lobe in Dogs With Idiopathic Epilepsy. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:644. [PMID: 33195502 PMCID: PMC7541947 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H1-MRS) could provide insight into the metabolic pathophysiology of the temporal lobe of canine brain after seizure. Currently, there is no evidence-based data available on MRS of temporal lobe in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE). The aim of this prospective, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the interictal metabolic activity of the temporal lobe in IE dogs compared to a control group with the use of H1-MRS. Ten healthy dogs and 27 client-owned dogs with IE underwent 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-voxel H1-MRS. The MRS studies were acquired as spin echoes with a repetition time (TR) of 2,000 ms and an echo time (TE) of 144 ms. A cubic voxel (10 ×10 ×10 mm) was positioned bilaterally into the region of the left and right temporal lobe, including a middle part of the hippocampus and the amygdala. The N-acetylaspartate (NAA)-to-creatine (NAA/Cr), NAA-to-choline (NAA/Cho), choline-to-creatine (Cho/Cr), and choline-to-NAA (Cho/NAA) ratios were determined in both hemispheres and compared to controls. No significant differences in all metabolite ratios between epileptic dogs and the control group could be found. A time-dependent decrease in the NAA/Cho ratio as well as an increase in the Cho/NAA ratio was found with proximity in time to the last seizure. We found no correlation between metabolite ratios and age or sex in this animal group. Time span from the last seizure to the acquisition of MRS significantly correlated with NAA/Cho and Cho/NAA ratio. We conclude that without a time relation, metabolite ratios in dogs with IE do not differ from those of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Olszewska
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Jürgen Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Józef Nicpoń
- Department of Internal Diseases With a Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Center of Experimental Diagnostics and Innovative Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Podgórski
- Department of General Radiology and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Adam Wrzosek
- Department of Internal Diseases With a Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Spinillo S, Golini L, Motta L. Brain MRI findings in a dog with late onset epileptic seizure after portosystemic shunt attenuation. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Spinillo
- Department of NeurologyNorth West Veterinary SpecialistsRuncornCheshireUK
| | - Lorenzo Golini
- Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery ServiceClinica Veterinaria San MarcoVeggianoItaly
| | - Luca Motta
- Department of NeurologyNorth West Veterinary SpecialistsRuncornCheshireUK
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7
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Alisauskaite N, Beckmann K, Dennler M, Zölch N. Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in a Beagle dog with genetically confirmed Lafora disease. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1594-1598. [PMID: 32418279 PMCID: PMC7379037 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical atrophy has been identified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in humans and dogs with Lafora disease (LD). In humans, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) of the brain indicates decreased N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) relative to other brain metabolites. Brain 1HMRS findings in dogs with LD are lacking. A 6‐year‐old female Beagle was presented with a history of a single generalized tonic‐clonic seizure and episodic reflex myoclonus. Clinical, hematological, and neurological examination findings and 3‐Tesla MRI of the brain were unremarkable. Brain 1HMRS with voxel positioning in the thalamus was performed in the affected Beagle. It identified decreased amounts of NAA, glutamate‐glutamine complex, and increased total choline and phosphoethanolamine relative to water and total creatine compared with the reference range in healthy control Beagles. A subsequent genetic test confirmed LD. Abnormalities in 1HMRS despite lack of changes with conventional MRI were identified in a dog with LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Alisauskaite
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Zölch
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Devriendt N, Or M, Meyer E, Paepe D, Vallarino N, Bhatti SFM, de Rooster H. Comparative accuracy and precision of two commercial laboratory analyzers for the quantification of ammonia in cerebrospinal fluid. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 49:119-124. [PMID: 31646658 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperammonemia is one of the contributing factors of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Although blood ammonia concentrations are frequently measured in patients suspected of HE, systemic levels do not necessarily reflect the amount of ammonia in the central nervous system. Measuring ammonia in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can help to understand HE better and potentially improve the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with HE. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this technical report were to evaluate the accuracy and precision of two commercial blood ammonia analyzers (Catalyst Dx, CatDX and Pocket Chem BA, PocBA) to measure CSF ammonia concentrations. METHODS A pool of normal equine CSF was spiked with concentrated ammonia, and a series of six spiked samples were measured in parallel with both CatDx and PocBA. RESULTS CatDx and PocBA data correlated excellently with but differed significantly from the spiked ammonia concentrations. These differences were smaller when ammonia CSF concentrations were measured with the PocBA than with the CatDx. In addition, values obtained with the PocBA were more precise than those measured with the CatDx, especially for low ammonia concentrations. CONCLUSION This in-house comparative study shows that ammonia concentrations in spiked equine CSF correlate well with those measured by two commercial blood ammonia analyzers. Nevertheless, concentrations obtained with the PocBA are more accurate and more precise than those obtained with the CatDx, making the former device the preferred choice for clinical veterinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausikaa Devriendt
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Matan Or
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Vallarino
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie F M Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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9
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Wang WT, Lee P, Hui D, Michaelis EK, Choi IY. Effects of Ethanol Exposure on the Neurochemical Profile of a Transgenic Mouse Model with Enhanced Glutamate Release Using In Vivo 1H MRS. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:133-146. [PMID: 30334175 PMCID: PMC6497580 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) intake leads to modulation of glutamatergic transmission, which may contribute to ethanol intoxication, tolerance and dependence. To study metabolic responses to the hyper glutamatergic status at synapses during ethanol exposure, we used Glud1 transgenic (tg) mice that over-express the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase in brain neurons and release excess glutamate (Glu) in synapses. We measured neurochemical changes in the hippocampus and striatum of tg and wild-type (wt) mice using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after the animals were fed with diets within which EtOH constituting up to 6.4% of total calories for 24 weeks. In the hippocampus, the EtOH diet led to significant increases in concentrations of EtOH, glutamine (Gln), Glu, phosphocholine (PCho), taurine, and Gln + Glu, when compared with their baseline concentrations. In the striatum, the EtOH diet led to significant increases in concentrations of GABA, Gln, Gln + Glu, and PCho. In general, neurochemical changes were more pronounced in the striatum than the hippocampus in both tg and wt mice. Overall neurochemical changes due to EtOH exposure were very similar in tg and wt mice. This study describes time courses of neurochemical profiles before and during chronic EtOH exposure, which can serve as a reference for future studies investigating ethanol-induced neurochemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tung Wang
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dongwei Hui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Elias K Michaelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Lee AM, Beasley MJ, Barrett ED, James JR, Gambino JM. Single-voxel and multi-voxel spectroscopy yield comparable results in the normal juvenile canine brain when using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:577-586. [PMID: 29886575 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of canine brain diseases are often nonspecific. Single- and multi-voxel spectroscopy techniques allow quantification of chemical biomarkers for tissues of interest and may help to improve diagnostic specificity. However, published information is currently lacking for the in vivo performance of these two techniques in dogs. The aim of this prospective, methods comparison study was to compare the performance of single- and multi-voxel spectroscopy in the brains of eight healthy, juvenile dogs using 3 Tesla MRI. Ipsilateral regions of single- and multi-voxel spectroscopy were performed in symmetric regions of interest of each brain in the parietal (n = 3), thalamic (n = 2), and piriform lobes (n = 3). In vivo single-voxel spectroscopy and multi-voxel spectroscopy metabolite ratios from the same size and multi-voxel spectroscopy ratios from different sized regions of interest were compared. No significant difference was seen between single-voxel spectroscopy and multi-voxel spectroscopy metabolite ratios for any lobe when regions of interest were similar in size and shape. Significant lobar single-voxel spectroscopy and multi-voxel spectroscopy differences were seen between the parietal lobe and thalamus (P = 0.047) for the choline to N-acetyl aspartase ratios when large multi-voxel spectroscopy regions of interest were compared to very small multi-voxel spectroscopy regions of interest within the same lobe; and for the N-acetyl aspartase to creatine ratios in all lobes when single-voxel spectroscopy was compared to combined (pooled) multi-voxel spectroscopy datasets. Findings from this preliminary study indicated that single- and multi-voxel spectroscopy techniques using 3T MRI yield comparable results for similar sized regions of interest in the normal canine brain. Findings also supported using the contralateral side as an internal control for dogs with brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, 39762
| | - Michaela J Beasley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, 39762
| | - Emerald D Barrett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, 39762
| | - Judy R James
- Medical Physics Division, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85054
| | - Jennifer M Gambino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, 39762
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Söbbeler FJ, Carrera I, Pasloske K, Ranasinghe MG, Kircher P, Kästner SBR. Effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol and alfaxalone on brain metabolism in dogs assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H MRS). BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:69. [PMID: 29506576 PMCID: PMC5839062 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol and alfaxalone on the canine brain metabolite bioprofile, measured with single voxel short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 Tesla. Ten adult healthy Beagle dogs were assigned to receive isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol and alfaxalone at 3 different dose rates each in a randomized cross-over study design. Doses for isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol and alfaxalone were FE’Iso 1.7 vol%, 2.1 vol%, 2.8 vol%, FE’Sevo 2.8 vol%, 3.5 vol% and 4.7 vol%, 30, 45 and 60 mg kg− 1 h− 1 and 10, 15 and 20 mg kg− 1 h− 1 respectively. A single voxel Point Resolved Spectroscopy Sequence was performed on a 3 T MRI scanner in three brain regions (basal ganglia, parietal and occipital lobes). Spectral data were analyzed with LCModel. Concentration of total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), choline, creatine, inositol and glutamine and glutamate complex (Glx) relative to water content was obtained. Plasma concentration of lactate, glucose, triglycerides, propofol and alfaxalone were determined. Statistics were performed using repeated measures ANOVA or Wilcoxon Sign Rank test with alpha = 5%. Results Plasma glucose increased with isoflurane, sevoflurane and alfaxalone but decreased with propofol. Plasma lactate increased with all anesthetics (isoflurane > sevoflurane > propofol > alfaxalone). Cerebral lactate could not be detected. Only minor changes in cerebral metabolite concentrations of tNAA, choline, inositol, creatine and Glx occurred with anesthetic dose changes. Conclusion The metabolomic profile detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 Tesla of canine brain showed only minor differences between doses and anesthetics related to tNAA, choline, creatine, inositol and Glx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Josef Söbbeler
- Small Animal Clinic (Söbbeler, Kästner), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Inés Carrera
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging (Carrera, Kircher), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 258c, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirby Pasloske
- Jurox Pty Ltd. (Pasloske, Ranasinghe), 85 Gardiner St, Rutherford, NSW, 2320, Australia
| | | | - Patrick Kircher
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging (Carrera, Kircher), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 258c, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Beate Rita Kästner
- Small Animal Clinic (Söbbeler, Kästner), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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Or M, Devriendt N, Kitshoff AM, Peremans K, Vandermeulen E, Paepe D, Polis I, Martlé V, de Rooster H. Ammonia concentrations in arterial blood, venous blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with and without congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:1313-1318. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.11.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Or M, Peremans K, Martlé V, Vandermeulen E, Bosmans T, Devriendt N, de Rooster H. Regional cerebral blood flow assessed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt and hepatic encephalopathy. Vet J 2016; 220:40-42. [PMID: 28190492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in eight dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) was compared with rCBF in eight healthy control dogs using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with a 99mtechnetium-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) tracer. SPECT scans were abnormal in all PSS dogs. Compared to the control group, rCBF in PSS dogs was significantly decreased in the temporal lobes and increased in the subcortical (thalamic and striatal) area. Brain perfusion imaging alterations observed in the dogs with PSS and HE are similar to those in human patients with HE. These findings suggest that dogs with HE and PSS have altered perfusion of mainly the subcortical and the temporal regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Or
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Valentine Martlé
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eva Vandermeulen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nausikaa Devriendt
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Sievert C, Richter H, Beckmann K, Kircher PR, Carrera I. COMPARISON BETWEEN PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY FINDINGS IN DOGS WITH TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS AND CLINICALLY NORMAL DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 58:53-61. [PMID: 27714889 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis is difficult due to high seroprevalence and rapid viral clearance, limiting detection of antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis have been reported, however MRI studies can also be negative despite the presence of neurologic signs. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS) is an imaging method that provides additional information about the metabolic characteristics of brain tissues. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe brain metabolites using short echo time single-voxel 1 H MRS in dogs with confirmed tick-borne encephalitis and compare them with healthy dogs. Inclusion criteria for the affected dogs were neurological symptoms suggestive of tick-borne encephalitis, previous endemic stay and tick-bite, diagnostic quality brain MRI and 1 H MRS studies, and positive antibody titers or confirmation of tick-borne encephalitis with necropsy. Control dogs were 10, clinically normal beagles that had been used in a previous study. A total of six affected dogs met inclusion criteria. All dogs affected with tick-borne encephalitis had 1 H MRS metabolite concentration alterations versus control dogs. These changes included mild to moderate decreases in N-acetyl aspartate and creatine peaks, and mild increases in glutamate/glutamine peaks. No lactate or lipid signal was detected in any dog. Myoinositol and choline signals did not differ between affected and control dogs. In conclusion, findings supported the use of 1 H MRS as an adjunctive imaging method for dogs with suspected tick-borne encephalitis and inconclusive conventional MRI findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sievert
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Department of Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Kircher
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Carrera
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Diagnostic techniques to detect the epileptogenic zone: Pathophysiological and presurgical analysis of epilepsy in dogs and cats. Vet J 2016; 215:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Carrera I, Richter H, Beckmann K, Meier D, Dennler M, Kircher PR. Evaluation of intracranial neoplasia and noninfectious meningoencephalitis in dogs by use of short echo time, single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:452-62. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.5.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Carrera I, Richter H, Meier D, Kircher PR, Dennler M. Regional metabolite concentrations in the brain of healthy dogs measured by use of short echo time, single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:129-41. [PMID: 25629910 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate regional differences of relative metabolite concentrations in the brain of healthy dogs with short echo time, single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) at 3.0 T. ANIMALS 10 Beagles. PROCEDURES Short echo time, single voxel (1)H MRS was performed at the level of the right and left basal ganglia, right and left thalamus, right and left parietal lobes, occipital lobe, and cerebellum. Data were analyzed with an automated fitting method (linear combination model). Metabolite concentrations relative to water content were obtained, including N-acetyl aspartate, total choline, creatine, myoinositol, the sum of glutamine and glutamate (glutamine-glutamate complex), and glutathione. Metabolite ratios with creatine as the reference metabolite were calculated. Concentration differences between right and left hemispheres and sexes were evaluated with a Wilcoxon signed rank test and among various regions of the brain with an independent t test and 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS No significant differences were detected between sexes and right and left hemispheres. All metabolites, except the glutamine-glutamate complex and glutathione, had regional concentrations that differed significantly. The creatine concentration was highest in the basal ganglia and cerebellum and lowest in the parietal lobes. The N-acetyl aspartate concentration was highest in the parietal lobes and lowest in the cerebellum. Total choline concentration was highest in the basal ganglia and lowest in the occipital lobe. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Metabolite concentrations differed among brain parenchymal regions in healthy dogs. This study may provide reference values for clinical and research studies involving (1)H MRS performed at 3.0 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Carrera
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland., Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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