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Beckmann KM, Wang-Leandro A, Steffen F, Richter H, Dennler M, Bektas R, Carrera I, Haller S. Diffusion tensor-based analysis of white matter in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1325521. [PMID: 38192722 PMCID: PMC10773822 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1325521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The understanding of epileptic seizure pathogenesis has evolved over time, and it is now generally accepted that not only are cortical and subcortical areas involved but also the connection of these regions in the white matter (WM). Recent human neuroimaging studies confirmed the involvement of the WM in several epilepsy syndromes. Neuroimaging studies investigating WM integrity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in canine idiopathic epilepsy are lacking. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that WM diffusion changes can be found in dogs affected by idiopathic epilepsy. Method Twenty-six dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (15 Border Collies and 11 Greater Swiss Mountain dogs) and 24 healthy controls (11 Beagle dogs, 5 Border Collies, and 8 Greater Swiss Mountain dogs) were prospectively enrolled. Most dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (17/26) were enrolled within 3 months after seizure onset. Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain with 32 diffusion directions (low b value = 0 s/mm2; maximal b value = 800 s/mm2) was performed in a 3 Tesla scanner. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), a voxel-based approach, was used to investigate changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the idiopathic epilepsy group compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, FA and MD were investigated in the region of corpus callosum and cingulate white matter in both groups. Results We observed subtle changes in WM DTI between the idiopathic epilepsy group and the healthy control group limited to cingulate WM, with a significantly lower FA in the idiopathic epilepsy group compared to the healthy control group in the region of interest (ROI) approach (p = 0.027). No significant changes were found between the idiopathic epilepsy group and the healthy control group in the TBSS analysis and in the corpus callosum in the ROI approach. Conclusion This study supports the cingulate area as a target structure in canine epilepsy. The subtle changes only might be explained by the short duration of epilepsy, small sample sizes, and the higher variability in canine brain anatomy. Furthermore, all included dogs showed generalized tonic-clonic seizures, possibly affected by generalized epilepsy syndrome, which are also associated with less pronounced DTI changes in humans than focal epilepsy syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin M. Beckmann
- Section of Neurology, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Steffen
- Section of Neurology, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rima Bektas
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Carrera
- Vet Oracle Teleradiology, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Haller
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Carisch L, Golini L, Schurna L, Bergamino C, Beckmann KM, Hilbe M, Asawapattanakul T, Baumgärtner W, Puff C, Wang‐Leandro A. Hypertensive nonobstructive hydrocephalus as main magnetic resonance imaging feature in a dog with disseminated choroid plexus carcinomatosis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1493-1500. [PMID: 37224288 PMCID: PMC10365043 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive or nonobstructive hypertensive hydrocephalus is reported in choroid plexus tumors. Choroid plexus tumors typically present as T2-weighted hyperintense intraventricular masses with occasional cerebrospinal fluid-drop metastasis. Acquired neoplastic nonobstructive hydrocephalus without visible mass lesion in magnetic resonance imaging is not reported in dogs. A 4.5-year-old Rhodesian Ridgeback presented with reduced mental status, unilaterally absent pupillary light reflex, and neck pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nonobstructive hydrocephalus and widened lumbar subarachnoid space with no evidence of a primary mass lesion. Postmortem examination confirmed a disseminated choroid plexus tumor affecting the ependyma and choroid plexi of all ventricles and the cerebral and lumbar subarachnoid space. Disseminated choroid plexus carcinomatosis should be considered as a possible cause of hypertensive hydrocephalus even in absence of a primary mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Carisch
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lorenzo Golini
- Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Small Animals Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lea Schurna
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Chiara Bergamino
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katrin M. Beckmann
- Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Small Animals Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thanaporn Asawapattanakul
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
| | - Adriano Wang‐Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Clinic for Small AnimalsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
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Martini F, Hetzel U, Beckmann KM, Rostaher A. Cyclosporine induced generalized hyperkeratosis in a dog. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2023; 165:53-58. [PMID: 36562746 DOI: 10.17236/sat00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclosporine is a potent immunosuppressive agent used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of inflammatory or immune mediated conditions. Many adverse effects are associated with this medication, however most of them rarely occur. A 5-year-old, female intact French bulldog was presented with multiple, multifocally distributed, severe hyperkeratotic and papillomatous/verrucous plaques. The dog was on long-term immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO). It had an history of atopic dermatitis and calcinosis cutis. A papillomavirus infection was excluded by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histopathologic analysis revealed a chronic lymphoplasmacytic non-specific dermatitis, perifolliculitis and periadnexitis and focal folliculitis with papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. The diagnosis of "cyclosporine-induced epidermal hyperplasia with secondary pyoderma" was made. Cyclosporine was discontinued and as an alternative mycophenolate mofetil was started to control the MUO. An antimicrobial treatment was prescribed for three weeks. After four months, the skin lesions had healed completely. To date after 2 years, the dog is still in remission. The occurrence of hyperplastic lesions associated with cyclosporine therapy have already been described in previous reports. Most of them resemble those of psoriasiform lichenoid dermatitis, although papilloma virus may be detected in some instances. The dog of the present case showed some peculiarities in the histopathological findings, and a papillomavirus involvement was ruled out with PCR. Like observed in a previous report, there was no correlation between cyclosporine blood level and the severity of dermatological changes. A discontinuation of cyclosporine resulted in complete healing in 4 months. This case highlights the importance of regular monitoring and follow-ups in patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Even rare side effects should always be considered in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martini
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - U Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - K M Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich
| | - A Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Mauri N, Richter H, Steffen F, Zölch N, Beckmann KM. Single-Voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Thalamus in Idiopathic Epileptic Dogs and in Healthy Control Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:885044. [PMID: 35873693 PMCID: PMC9302964 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.885044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the investigation of brain metabolites in epileptic syndromes in dogs has not been explored systematically to date. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolites in the thalamus in dogs affected by idiopathic epilepsy (IE) with and without antiepileptic drug treatment (AEDT) and to compare them to unaffected controls. Our hypothesis is that similar to humans with generalized epilepsy and loss of consciousness, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) would be reduced, and glutamate–glutamine (Glx) would be increased in treated and untreated IE in comparison with the control group. In this prospective case–control study, Border Collie (BC) and Greater Swiss Mountain dog (GSMD) were divided into three groups: (1) healthy controls, IE with generalized tonic–clonic seizures with (2) and without (3) AEDT. A total of 41 BC and GSMD were included using 3 Tesla single-voxel proton MRS of the thalamus (PRESS localization, shortest TE, TR = 2000 ms, NSA = 240). After exclusion of 11 dogs, 30 dogs (18 IE and 12 healthy controls) remained available for analysis. Metabolite concentrations were estimated with LCModel using creatine as reference and compared using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences in the NAA-to-creatine (p = 0.04) and Glx-to-creatine (p = 0.03) ratios between the three groups. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test further showed significant reduction in the NAA/creatine ratio in idiopathic epileptic dogs under AEDT compared to epileptic dogs without AEDT (p = 0.03) and compared to healthy controls (p = 0.03). In opposite to humans, Glx/creatine ratio was significantly reduced in dogs with IE under AEDT compared to epileptic dogs without AEDT (p = 0.03) and controls (p = 0.02). IE without AEDT and healthy controls did not show significant difference, neither in NAA/creatine (p = 0.60), nor in Glx-to-creatine (p = 0.55) ratio. In conclusion, MRS showed changes in dogs with IE and generalized seizures under AEDT, but not in those without AEDT. Based upon these results, MRS can be considered a useful advanced imaging technique for the evaluation of dogs with IE in the clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Mauri
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Vetimage Diagnostik GmbH, Oberentfelden, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Small Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Zölch
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin M. Beckmann
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Small Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Katrin M. Beckmann
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Martini F, Seehusen F, Krudewig C, Beckmann KM, Favrot C, Fischer NM, Guenova E, Rostaher A. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora americana in a dog. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:446-449. [PMID: 35641851 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in a 6-year-old, male castrated Dachshund on immunosuppressive treatment. The fungus was identified by culture and PCR as Phialophora americana. This is the first reported case of infection with this pathogen in a dog. The infection was successfully managed medically, without surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Martini
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Seehusen
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Krudewig
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina M Fischer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lausanne and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Salmina AG, Castelli E, Beckmann KM, Mauri N. Challenges in diagnosing a peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the ulnar nerve in a dog - a case report. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2022; 164:265-271. [PMID: 35232717 DOI: 10.17236/sat00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this case report we present the rare case of a distally located peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) of the left ulnar nerve in a two-year-old female Rottweiler dog. We discuss the clinical and diagnostic findings and the challenges of the diagnosis. The dog was successfully treated with a limb sparing partial neurectomy. After surgery, the dog did not show any pain or lameness on long term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Salmina
- Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - E Castelli
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - K M Beckmann
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - N Mauri
- Vetimage Diagnostik GmbH, Oberentfelden, Switzerland.,Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Fullick E, Bidewell CA, Duff JP, Holmes JP, Howie F, Robinson C, Goodman G, Beckmann KM, Philbey AW, Daunt F. Mass mortality of seabirds in GB. Vet Rec 2022. [PMID: 35119735 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Fullick
- APHA Thirsk, North Yorkshire, YO7 1PZ
| | | | | | | | - F Howie
- SRUC Veterinary Services, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ
| | - C Robinson
- SRUC Veterinary Services, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ
| | | | | | - A W Philbey
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH26 9RG
| | - F Daunt
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB
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Wolfer N, Wang-Leandro A, Beckmann KM, Richter H, Dennler M. Intracranial Lesion Detection and Artifact Characterization: Comparative Study of Susceptibility and T2 *-Weighted Imaging in Dogs and Cats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:779515. [PMID: 34966811 PMCID: PMC8710604 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.779515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), an MRI sequence for the detection of hemorrhage, allows differentiation of paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances based on tissue magnetic susceptibility differences. The three aims of this retrospective study included a comparison of the number of areas of signal void (ASV) between SWI and T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI), differentiation of hemorrhage and calcification, and investigation of image deterioration by artifacts. Two hundred twelve brain MRIs, 160 dogs and 52 cats, were included. The sequences were randomized and evaluated for presence/absence and numbers of ASV and extent of artifacts causing image deterioration by a single, blinded observer. In cases with a CT scan differentiation of paramagnetic (hemorrhagic) and diamagnetic (calcification) lesions was made, SWI was performed to test correct assignment using the Hounsfield Units. Non-parametric tests were performed to compare both sequences regarding detection of ASV and the effect of artifacts on image quality. The presence of ASV was found in 37 SWI sequences and 34 T2*WI sequences with a significant increase in ASV only in dogs >5 and ≤ 15 kg in SWI. The remaining weight categories showed no significance. CT examination was available in 11 cases in which 81 ASV were found. With the use of phase images, 77 were classified as paramagnetic and none as diamagnetic. A classification was not possible in four cases. At the level of the frontal sinus, significantly more severe artifacts occurred in cats and dogs (dogs, p < 0.001; cats, p = 0.001) in SWI. The frontal sinus artifact was significantly less severe in brachycephalic than non-brachycephalic dogs in both sequences (SWI, p < 0.001; T2*WI, p < 0.001). In conclusion, with the advantages of better detection of ASV in SWI compared with T2*WI and the opportunity to differentiate between paramagnetic and diamagnetic origin in most cases, SWI is generally recommended for dogs. Frontal sinus conformation appears to be a limiting factor in image interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Wolfer
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Small Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Beckmann KM, Wang-Leandro A, Richter H, Bektas RN, Steffen F, Dennler M, Carrera I, Haller S. Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23854. [PMID: 34903807 PMCID: PMC8668945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic, neurological diseases in humans and dogs and considered to be a network disease. In human epilepsy altered functional connectivity in different large-scale networks have been identified with functional resting state magnetic resonance imaging. Since large-scale resting state networks have been consistently identified in anesthetised dogs’ application of this technique became promising in canine epilepsy research. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in large-scale resting state networks in epileptic dogs compared to healthy controls. Our hypothesis was, that large-scale networks differ between epileptic dogs and healthy control dogs. A group of 17 dogs (Border Collies and Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs) with idiopathic epilepsy was compared to 20 healthy control dogs under a standardized sevoflurane anaesthesia protocol. Group level independent component analysis with dimensionality of 20 components, dual regression and two-sample t test were performed and revealed significantly increased functional connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs compared to healthy control dogs (p = 0.00060). This group level differences between epileptic dogs and healthy control dogs identified using a rather simple data driven approach could serve as a starting point for more advanced resting state network analysis in epileptic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin M Beckmann
- Section of Neurology, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rima N Bektas
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Section of Neurology, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Carrera
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, UK
| | - Sven Haller
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Herzig R, Wang-Leandro A, Steffen F, Matiasek K, Beckmann KM. Imaging and histopathologic features of reversible nerve root and peripheral nerve edema secondary to disc herniation in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1566-1572. [PMID: 33826180 PMCID: PMC8163120 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve root enlargement with increased contrast uptake has been reported in dogs and humans secondary to nerve root compression. In cats, nerve root enlargement and contrast uptake only have been reported in association with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, but not as a sequela to nerve root compression. An 8‐year‐old oriental short hair cat was presented with acute neurologic deficits consistent with left‐sided sciatic nerve deficit and possible L6‐S1 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and identified compression of the cauda equina and L7 nerve root associated with intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) at L6‐L7 as well as widespread sciatic nerve enlargement with moderate rim enhancement. A hemilaminectomy was performed to evacuate herniated disc material. The nerve root was biopsied and submitted for histological evaluation. Interstitial nerve edema was diagnosed. Follow‐up MRI 3 months postoperatively showed complete remission of the changes. Nerve root thickening together with contrast enhancement may represent nerve edema in cats secondary to IVDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herzig
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Günther C, Beckmann KM, Steffen F. Formation of a meningoencephalocele after removal of a frontal lobe meningioma by transfrontal craniotomy in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920957195. [PMID: 32983552 PMCID: PMC7498976 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920957195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred
for surgical treatment of a left-sided frontal lobe meningioma
diagnosed by CT. Clinically, the cat had generalised
tonic–clonic seizures, which reduced in frequency after
treatment was started with prednisolone. After definition of the
anatomical landmarks of the feline skull, a bilateral
transfrontal craniotomy allowed en bloc removal of the
meningioma. While postoperative recovery was uneventful,
right-sided proprioceptive deficits were still present 6 months
after surgery. MRI detected a probable meningoencephalocele
herniating through the surgical bone defect in the frontal
sinus. Because of the mild neurological deficits and good
quality of life, the meningoencephalocele was not treated.
Thirty-one months after meningioma removal the cat was alive
without further neurological progression. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe, in detail,
the technique of transfrontal craniotomy in cats. Iatrogenic
meningoencephalocele is a complication that has not previously
been described after meningioma removal in cats, and should be
considered as a potential complication after craniotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Günther
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery/Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery/Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery/Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Beckmann KM, Wang-Leandro A, Dennler M, Carrera I, Richter H, Bektas RN, Steiner A, Haller S. Resting state networks of the canine brain under sevoflurane anaesthesia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231955. [PMID: 32302373 PMCID: PMC7164650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) has become an established technique in humans and reliably determines several resting state networks (RSNs) simultaneously. Limited data exist about RSN in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the RSNs in 10 healthy beagle dogs using a 3 tesla MRI scanner and subsequently perform group-level independent component analysis (ICA) to identify functionally connected brain networks. Rs-fMRI sequences were performed under steady state sevoflurane inhalation anaesthesia. Anaesthetic depth was titrated to the minimum level needed for immobilisation and mechanical ventilation of the patient. This required a sevoflurane MAC between 0.8 to 1.2. Group-level ICA dimensionality of 20 components revealed distributed sensory, motor and higher-order networks in the dogs’ brain. We identified in total 7 RSNs (default mode, primary and higher order visual, auditory, two putative motor-somatosensory and one putative somatosensory), which are common to other mammals including humans. Identified RSN are remarkably similar to those identified in awake dogs. This study proves the feasibility of rs-fMRI in anesthetized dogs and describes several RSNs, which may set the basis for investigating pathophysiological characteristics of various canine brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin M. Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Carrera
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Shirley, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Richter
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rima N. Bektas
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Steiner
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Beckmann KM, Gleadow R. Overdosing with apricot kernels - seriously? Australas Psychiatry 2019; 27:92-93. [PMID: 30755001 DOI: 10.1177/1039856218794877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang-Leandro A, Dennler M, Beckmann KM. Presence of Probst Bundles Indicate White Matter Remodeling in a Dog With Corpus Callosum Hypoplasia and Dysplasia. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:260. [PMID: 30406119 PMCID: PMC6204354 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus callosum abnormalities (CCA) rarely occur in dogs and are related to hypo/adypsic hypernatremia and seizures. Hypoplasia and dysplasia of the corpus callosum (CC) with concomitant lobar holoprosencephaly is the most common variant. It is currently uncertain using conventional MRI if canine CCA reflects the failure of commissural fibers to develop or the failure of the commissural fibers to cross hemispheres. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in a 4-year-old Staffordshire mix breed dog with CCA and an age-matched healthy Beagle. In comparison to the control dog, CC tractography of the affected dog depicted only axonal tracts corresponding to the temporal CC fibers. The cingulum bundles appeared supernumerary with unorganized architecture, extending into the ipsilateral cerebral cortex, and therefore strongly suggested homology to Probst bundles reported in humans with CCA. The presence of Probst bundles in canine CCA could represent compensatory neuroplasticity-mediated networking and may contribute the fair prognosis reported in affected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Beckmann KM. The Millennium series and The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo - featuring yet another criminal psychiatrist: a screenplay psychiatrists should be aware of. Australas Psychiatry 2016; 24:315-6. [PMID: 27231320 DOI: 10.1177/1039856216629840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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