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Petermann-Rocha F, Carrasco-Marin F, Boonpor J, Parra-Soto S, Shannon O, Malcomson F, Phillips N, Jain M, Deo S, Livingstone KM, Dingle SE, Mathers JC, Forrest E, Ho FK, Pell JP, Celis-Morales C. Association of five diet scores with severe NAFLD incidence: A prospective study from UK Biobank. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:860-870. [PMID: 37997550 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to contrast the associations of five common diet scores with severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 162 999 UK Biobank participants were included in this prospective population-based study. Five international diet scores were included: the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS-14), the Recommended Food Score (RFS), the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), the Mediterranean Diet Score and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay score. As each score has different measurements and scales, all scores were standardized and categorized into quartiles. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounder factors investigated associations between the standardized quartiles and severe NAFLD incidence. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 1370 participants were diagnosed with severe NAFLD. When the analyses were fully adjusted, participants in quartile 4 using the MEDAS-14 and RFS scores, as well as those in quartiles 2 and 3 using the HDI score, had a significantly lower risk of severe incident NAFLD compared with those in quartile 1. The lowest risk was observed in quartile 4 for the MEDAS-14 score [hazard ratio (HR): 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.94)] and the RFS score [HR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.69-0.96)] and as well as in quartile 2 in the HDI score [HR: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70-0.91)]. CONCLUSION MEDAS-14, RFS and HDI scores were the strongest diet score predictors of severe NAFLD. A healthy diet might protect against NAFLD development irrespective of the specific approach used to assess diet. However, following these score recommendations could represent optimal dietary approaches to mitigate NAFLD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Carrasco-Marin
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jirapitcha Boonpor
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nathan Phillips
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mahek Jain
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Salil Deo
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Surgical Services, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara E Dingle
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ewan Forrest
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frederick K Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Human Performance Laboratory, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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2
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Laksono BM, Sooksawasdi Na Ayudhya S, Aguilar-Bretones M, Embregts CWE, van Nierop GP, van Riel D. Human B cells and dendritic cells are susceptible and permissive to enterovirus D68 infection. mSphere 2024; 9:e0052623. [PMID: 38259063 PMCID: PMC10900886 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00526-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is predominantly associated with mild respiratory infections, but can also cause severe respiratory disease and extra-respiratory complications, including acute flaccid myelitis. Systemic dissemination of EV-D68 is crucial for the development of extra-respiratory diseases, but it is currently unclear how EV-D68 spreads systemically (viremia). We hypothesize that immune cells contribute to the systemic dissemination of EV-D68, as this is a mechanism commonly used by other enteroviruses. Therefore, we investigated the susceptibility and permissiveness of human primary immune cells for different EV-D68 isolates. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells inoculated with EV-D68, only B cells were susceptible but virus replication was limited. However, in B cell-rich cultures, such as Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell line (BLCL) and primary lentivirus-transduced B cells, which better represent lymphoid B cells, were productively infected. Subsequently, we showed that dendritic cells (DCs), particularly immature DCs, are susceptible and permissive for EV-D68 infection and that they can spread EV-D68 to autologous BLCL. Altogether, our findings suggest that immune cells, especially B cells and DCs, could play an important role in the pathogenesis of EV-D68 infection. Infection of these cells may contribute to systemic dissemination of EV-D68, which is an essential step toward the development of extra-respiratory complications.IMPORTANCEEnterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging respiratory virus that has caused outbreaks worldwide since 2014. EV-D68 infects primarily respiratory epithelial cells resulting in mild respiratory diseases. However, EV-D68 infection is also associated with extra-respiratory complications, including polio-like paralysis. It is unclear how EV-D68 spreads systemically and infects other organs. We hypothesized that immune cells could play a role in the extra-respiratory spread of EV-D68. We showed that EV-D68 can infect and replicate in specific immune cells, that is, B cells and dendritic cells (DCs), and that virus could be transferred from DCs to B cells. Our data reveal a potential role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of EV-D68 infection. Intervention strategies that prevent EV-D68 infection of immune cells will therefore potentially prevent systemic spread of virus and thereby severe extra-respiratory complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Götz J, Jackl MK, Jindakun C, Marziale AN, André J, Gosling DJ, Springer C, Palmieri M, Reck M, Luneau A, Brocklehurst CE, Bode JW. High-throughput synthesis provides data for predicting molecular properties and reaction success. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj2314. [PMID: 37889964 PMCID: PMC10610918 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The generation of attractive scaffolds for drug discovery efforts requires the expeditious synthesis of diverse analogues from readily available building blocks. This endeavor necessitates a trade-off between diversity and ease of access and is further complicated by uncertainty about the synthesizability and pharmacokinetic properties of the resulting compounds. Here, we document a platform that leverages photocatalytic N-heterocycle synthesis, high-throughput experimentation, automated purification, and physicochemical assays on 1152 discrete reactions. Together, the data generated allow rational predictions of the synthesizability of stereochemically diverse C-substituted N-saturated heterocycles with deep learning and reveal unexpected trends on the relationship between structure and properties. This study exemplifies how organic chemists can exploit state-of-the-art technologies to markedly increase throughput and confidence in the preparation of drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Götz
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz K. Jackl
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chalupat Jindakun
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander N. Marziale
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme André
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J. Gosling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clayton Springer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marco Palmieri
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Reck
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Luneau
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cara E. Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Carisch L, Golini L, Schurna L, Bergamino C, Beckmann KM, Hilbe M, Asawapattanakul T, Baumgärtner W, Puff C, Wang‐Leandro A. Hypertensive nonobstructive hydrocephalus as main magnetic resonance imaging feature in a dog with disseminated choroid plexus carcinomatosis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1493-1500. [PMID: 37224288 PMCID: PMC10365043 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive or nonobstructive hypertensive hydrocephalus is reported in choroid plexus tumors. Choroid plexus tumors typically present as T2-weighted hyperintense intraventricular masses with occasional cerebrospinal fluid-drop metastasis. Acquired neoplastic nonobstructive hydrocephalus without visible mass lesion in magnetic resonance imaging is not reported in dogs. A 4.5-year-old Rhodesian Ridgeback presented with reduced mental status, unilaterally absent pupillary light reflex, and neck pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nonobstructive hydrocephalus and widened lumbar subarachnoid space with no evidence of a primary mass lesion. Postmortem examination confirmed a disseminated choroid plexus tumor affecting the ependyma and choroid plexi of all ventricles and the cerebral and lumbar subarachnoid space. Disseminated choroid plexus carcinomatosis should be considered as a possible cause of hypertensive hydrocephalus even in absence of a primary mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Carisch
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lorenzo Golini
- Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Small Animals Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lea Schurna
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Chiara Bergamino
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katrin M. Beckmann
- Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Small Animals Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thanaporn Asawapattanakul
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
| | - Adriano Wang‐Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Clinic for Small AnimalsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
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Thompson CMA, Hall JPJ, Chandra G, Martins C, Saalbach G, Panturat S, Bird SM, Ford S, Little RH, Piazza A, Harrison E, Jackson RW, Brockhurst MA, Malone JG. Plasmids manipulate bacterial behaviour through translational regulatory crosstalk. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001988. [PMID: 36787297 PMCID: PMC9928087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role in horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids commonly encode homologues of bacterial regulators. Known plasmid regulator homologues have highly targeted effects upon the transcription of specific bacterial traits. Here, we characterise a plasmid translational regulator, RsmQ, capable of taking global regulatory control in Pseudomonas fluorescens and causing a behavioural switch from motile to sessile lifestyle. RsmQ acts as a global regulator, controlling the host proteome through direct interaction with host mRNAs and interference with the host's translational regulatory network. This mRNA interference leads to large-scale proteomic changes in metabolic genes, key regulators, and genes involved in chemotaxis, thus controlling bacterial metabolism and motility. Moreover, comparative analyses found RsmQ to be encoded on a large number of divergent plasmids isolated from multiple bacterial host taxa, suggesting the widespread importance of RsmQ for manipulating bacterial behaviour across clinical, environmental, and agricultural niches. RsmQ is a widespread plasmid global translational regulator primarily evolved for host chromosomal control to manipulate bacterial behaviour and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona M. A. Thompson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - James P. J. Hall
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Govind Chandra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Martins
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Saalbach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Supakan Panturat
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Susannah M. Bird
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Ford
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Little
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ainelen Piazza
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Harrison
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W. Jackson
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Brockhurst
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob G. Malone
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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Panpho P, Yang Y, Davies HA, Nawaytou O, Harky A, Torella F, Field M, Madine J, Akhtar R. Time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the aortic chronic dissection flap. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022; 34:892-901. [PMID: 35141757 PMCID: PMC9070530 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The transition of aortic dissection from acute to chronic is poorly understood. We examined time-dependent mechanical behaviour and biochemical properties of chronic dissection tissues. METHODS Aorta samples were obtained from 14 patients with mixed aetiology who were undergoing elective surgery for chronic dissected aneurysms, ranging from 3 months to 15 years post-dissection. The tissue elastic modulus and tissue deformation following application of loading for 5 h were measured for the false lumen (FL), true lumen (TL) and flap (FP) tissues with a custom-indentation technique. Collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan levels were determined with established biochemical assays. Elastin fragmentation was graded from histological sections. The number of tissues characterized was as follows: FP (n = 10), TL (n = 5 for biomechanical testing, n = 8 for biochemical analysis, n = 8 for histological assessment) and FL (n = 4). RESULTS Tissues stiffness was highest in FP [59.8 (14.8) kPa] as compared with TL [50.7 (6.2) kPa] and FL [40.5 (4.7) kPa] (P = 0.023 and P = 0.006, respectively). FP [0.5 (0.08) mm] also exhibited reduced deformation relative to TL [0.7 (0.02) mm] and FL [0.9 (0.08) mm] (P = 0.003 and P = 0.006, respectively), lowest collagen concentration [FP: 40.1 (19.6) µg/mg, TL: 59.9 (19.5) µg/mg, P = 0.008; FL: 79.1 (32.0) µg/mg, P = 0.006] and the lowest collagen: elastin ratio [0.4 (0.1)] relative to the other tissues [TL; 0.6 (0.3), P = 0.006, FL; 1.5 (0.4); P = 0.003]. Significant elastin loss was evident in the FL-stained tissue sections whereas highly aligned, long fibres were visible in the FP and TL. A linear relationship was found between the stiffness, deformation and the time from the dissection event to surgical intervention for the FP. All data are presented as median (interquartile range). CONCLUSIONS FP exhibited reduced time-dependent deformation and distinct biochemical properties relative to TL and FL irrespective of connective tissue disorder or the anatomical region of the dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phakakorn Panpho
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Hannah A Davies
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Omar Nawaytou
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amer Harky
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francesco Torella
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Vascular & Endovascular Service, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Field
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jillian Madine
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Riaz Akhtar
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
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Palakawong Na Ayudthaya S, van de Weijer AHP, van Gelder AH, Stams AJM, de Vos WM, Plugge CM. Organic acid production from potato starch waste fermentation by rumen microbial communities from Dutch and Thai dairy cows. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:13. [PMID: 29416558 PMCID: PMC5784674 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring different microbial sources for biotechnological production of organic acids is important. Dutch and Thai cow rumen samples were used as inocula to produce organic acid from starch waste in anaerobic reactors. Organic acid production profiles were determined and microbial communities were compared using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplicon pyrosequencing. RESULTS In both reactors, lactate was the main initial product and was associated with growth of Streptococcus spp. (86% average relative abundance). Subsequently, lactate served as a substrate for secondary fermentations. In the reactor inoculated with rumen fluid from the Dutch cow, the relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptococcus increased from the start, and lactate, acetate, formate and ethanol were produced. From day 1.33 to 2, lactate and acetate were degraded, resulting in butyrate production. Butyrate production coincided with a decrease in relative abundance of Streptococcus spp. and increased relative abundances of bacteria of other groups, including Parabacteroides, Sporanaerobacter, Helicobacteraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Porphyromonadaceae. In the reactor with the Thai cow inoculum, Streptococcus spp. also increased from the start. When lactate was consumed, acetate, propionate and butyrate were produced (day 3-4). After day 3, bacteria belonging to five dominant groups, Bacteroides, Pseudoramibacter_Eubacterium, Dysgonomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and Porphyromonadaceae, were detected and these showed significant positive correlations with acetate, propionate and butyrate levels. CONCLUSIONS The complexity of rumen microorganisms with high adaptation capacity makes rumen fluid a suitable source to convert organic waste into valuable products without the addition of hydrolytic enzymes. Starch waste is a source for organic acid production, especially lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susakul Palakawong Na Ayudthaya
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3, Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathum Thani Thailand
| | | | - Antonie H. van Gelder
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. M. Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- RPU Immunology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline M. Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Tangsongcharoen C, Jupatanakul N, Promdonkoy B, Dimopoulos G, Boonserm P. Molecular analysis of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae responses to Lysinibacillus sphaericus Bin toxin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175473. [PMID: 28406958 PMCID: PMC5391067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysinibacillus sphaericus produces the mosquito larvicidal binary toxin consisting of BinA and BinB, which are both required for toxicity against Culex and Anopheles larvae. The molecular mechanisms behind Bin toxin-induced damage remain unexplored. We used whole-genome microarray-based transcriptome analysis to better understand how Culex larvae respond to Bin toxin treatment at the molecular level. Our analyses of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae transcriptome changes at 6, 12, and 18 h after Bin toxin treatment revealed a wide range of transcript signatures, including genes linked to the cytoskeleton, metabolism, immunity, and cellular stress, with a greater number of down-regulated genes than up-regulated genes. Bin toxin appears to mainly repress the expression of genes involved in metabolism, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and the protein transporter of the outer/inner mitochondrial membrane. The induced genes encode proteins linked to mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and cellular detoxification including autophagic processes and lysosomal compartments. This study is, to our knowledge, the first microarray analysis of Bin toxin-induced transcriptional responses in Culex larvae, providing a basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular nature of Bin toxin-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chontida Tangsongcharoen
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natapong Jupatanakul
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Boonhiang Promdonkoy
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GD); (PB)
| | - Panadda Boonserm
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- * E-mail: (GD); (PB)
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