Effects of enzyme and cryoprotectant concentrations on yield of equine adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells

The outcome of tissue cryopreservation on the cellular, molecular and epigenetic characteristics of endometrial tissue and stromal cells

RESEARCH QUESTION

What impact does the cryopreservation of endometrial tissue have on cell characteristics and molecular and epigenetic profile changes in endometrial tissue and stromal cells?

DESIGN

Cellular properties, such as proliferation efficiency, surface marker expression and the differentiation potency of endometrial stromal cells (ESC) isolated from fresh (Native) and cryopreserved (Cryo) tissue were compared. Moreover, changes in the expression of genes associated with pluripotency, endometrial function and epigenetic regulation and microRNA (miRNA, miR) were assessed, as were levels of DNA methylation and histone modifications.

RESULTS

Native and Cryo cells exhibit very similar profiles including cell surface marker expression, differentiation potency and histone modifications, except for a decrease in proliferative potency and cell surface marker SUSD2 expression in Cryo cells. It was demonstrated that endometrial tissue cryopreservation led to an up-regulated expression of genes associated with pluripotency (NANOG, OCT4 [also known as POU5F1]). This confirms that despite being recovered from cryopreserved differentiated tissue, cells retained their stemness properties. In addition, alterations in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B) gene regulation were observed, along with a down-regulation of hsa-miR145-5p in Cryo ESC.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex effects of endometrial tissue cryopreservation, providing insights for both medical and basic research applications. Since different tissues possess unique characteristics, it is essential to select the most suitable cryopreservation method for each tissue individually. Furthermore, the study findings indicate the potential utility of slow-cooling cryopreservation for both normal and pathological endometrial tissue samples, with the purpose of isolating stromal cell cultures.

Therapeutic application of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in myocardial infarction

The insufficiency of natural regeneration processes in higher organisms, including humans, underlies myocardial infarction (MI), which is one of the main causes of disability and mortality in the population of developed countries. The solution to this problem lies in the field of revealing the mechanisms of regeneration and creating on this basis new technologies for stimulating endogenous regenerative processes or replacing lost parts of tissues and organs with transplanted cells. Of great interest is the use of the so-called stromal vascular fraction (SVF), derived from autologous adipose tissue. It is known that the main functions of SVF are angiogenetic, antiapoptotic, antifibrotic, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, and trophic. This study presents data on the possibility of using SVF, targeted regulation of its properties and reparative potential, as well as the results of research studies on its use for the restoration of damaged ischemic tissue after MI.

Clinical applications of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in veterinary practice

Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF) comprises a heterogeneous cell population, including the multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. As such, multipotent adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs), are one of the important components of AdSVF. Commonly used techniques to harvest AdSVF involve enzymatic or non-enzymatic methods. The enzymatic method is considered to be the gold standard technique due to its higher yield. The cellular components of AdSVF can be resuspended in normal saline, platelet-rich plasma, or phosphate-buffered saline to produce a ready-to-use solution. Freshly isolated AdSVF has exhibited promising osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. AdSVF has already been proven to possess therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis management. It is also an attractive therapeutic option for enhancing wound healing. In addition, the combined use of AdSVF and platelet-rich plasma has an additive stimulatory effect in accelerating wound healing and can be considered an alternative to AdMSC treatment. It is also widely used for managing various orthopaedic conditions in clinical settings and has the potential for regenerating bone, cartilage, and tendons. Autologous AdSVF cells are used along with bone substitutes and other biological factors as an alternative to conventional bone grafting techniques owing to their promising osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. It can also be used for treating osteonecrosis, meniscus tear, chondromalacia, and tendon injuries in veterinary practice. It has several advantages over in vitro expanded AdMSC, including precluding the need for culturing, reduced risk of cell contamination, and cost-effectiveness, making it ideal for clinical use.

The Equine Hoof: Laminitis, Progenitor (Stem) Cells, and Therapy Development

The equine hoof capsule, composed of modified epidermis and dermis, is vital for protecting the third phalanx from forces of locomotion. There are descriptions of laminitis, defined as inflammation of sensitive hoof tissues but recognized as pathologic changes with or without inflammatory mediators, in the earliest records of domesticated horses. Laminitis can range from mild to serious, and signs can be acute, chronic, or transition from acute, severe inflammation to permanently abnormal tissue. Damage within the intricate dermal and epidermal connections of the primary and secondary lamellae is often associated with lifelong changes in hoof growth, repair, and conformation. Decades of research contribute to contemporary standards of care that include systemic and local therapies as well as mechanical hoof support. Despite this, consistent mechanisms to restore healthy tissue formation following a laminitic insult are lacking. Endogenous and exogenous progenitor cell contributions to healthy tissue formation is established for most tissues. There is comparably little information about equine hoof progenitor cells. Equine hoof anatomy, laminitis, and progenitor cells are covered in this review. The potential of progenitor cells to advance in vitro equine hoof tissue models and translate to clinical therapies may significantly improve prevention and treatment of a devastating condition that has afflicted equine companions throughout history.

The promotion of bone regeneration through CS/GP-CTH/antagomir-133a/b sustained release system

Few studies reported the application of miRNA in bone regeneration. In this study, the expression of miR133a and miR133b in murine BMSCs was inhibited via antagomiR-133a/b and the osteogenic differentiation in murine BMSCs was evaluated. The RT-PCR, flow cytometry, cell counting kit-8, and annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assays were performed. Double knockdown miR133a and miR133b can promote BMSC osteogenic differentiation. At optimum N/P ration (15:1), the loading efficiency can reach over 90%. CTH-antagomiR-133a/b showed no cytotoxicity to BMSCs and diminished miR133a and miR133b expression in BMSCs. Furthermore, chitosan-based sustained delivery system can facilitate continuous dosing of antagomiR-133a/b, which enhanced calcium deposition and osteogenic specific gene expression in vitro. The new bone formation was enhanced after the sustained delivery system containing CTH-antagomiR-133a/b nanoparticles was used in mouse calvarial bone defect model. Our results demonstrate that CTH nanoparticles could facilitate continuous dosing of antagomiR133a/b, which can promote osteogenic differentiation.