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Nagata N, Sawamura H, Ikenaka Y, Morishita K, Hosoya K, Sasaki N, Nakamura K, Takiguchi M. Urinary steroid profiling using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of canine Cushing's syndrome. Vet J 2024; 306:106151. [PMID: 38821206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Serum cortisol measurements by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) are widely used to diagnose hypercortisolism (HC) or Cushing's syndrome in dogs. However, they are associated with problems such as the need for multiple blood collections under stressful conditions or cross-reactivity between hormones. Therefore, a less invasive and more accurate diagnostic method is required. This study aimed to develop a urinary steroid profile analysis method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and to evaluate its clinical usefulness. Sixty-five healthy dogs and 38 dogs with suspected HC were included in the study. Using LC/MS/MS, the levels of 11 steroid hormones in the urine were determined. We established the upper limit of the reference interval for each urinary steroid-to-creatinine ratio and evaluated their diagnostic performances. The levels of the five steroid hormones were significantly higher in the 14 dogs with HC than in the 24 dogs with mimicking HC and 65 healthy dogs. The urinary corticosterone-to-creatinine ratio showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve, 0.96). A significant correlation was seen between urinary cortisol concentrations measured by LC/MS/MS and CLEIA (rs = 0.88, P <0.001), although the CLEIA measurements were significantly higher than the LC/MS/MS measurements (P <0.001). LC/MS/MS-based urinary steroid profiles are a promising tool for diagnosing canine HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagata
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - H Sawamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Y Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - K Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - K Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - N Sasaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - M Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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King SA, Bolton TA. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:603-605. [PMID: 35113801 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.09.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Harro CC, Refsal KR, Shaw N, Alston SM, Folger W, Gross C, Cousins WM, Monahan CF, Mazaki-Tovi M, Langlois DK. Retrospective study of aldosterone and progesterone secreting adrenal tumors in 10 cats. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2159-2166. [PMID: 34473866 PMCID: PMC8478046 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary hyperaldosteronism caused by adrenal neoplasia has been well described in cats. Multiple corticosteroid abnormalities occur in a subset of affected cats, but characterizations of this syndrome are limited to several case reports. Objectives To describe a series of cats with adrenal tumors secreting aldosterone and additional corticosteroids. Animals Ten cats with multiple corticosteroid secreting adrenocortical tumors. Methods Retrospective case series. Medical records of cats with adrenal tumors secreting both aldosterone and progesterone were identified. Data concerning historical findings, clinicopathologic features, treatments, and outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Results All 10 cats had diabetes mellitus in addition to biochemical features of hyperaldosteronism such as hypokalemia. High corticosterone concentrations were observed in all 3 cats in which this corticosteroid was measured. Ultrasound examinations revealed unilateral adrenal tumors in all 10 cases, and the contralateral adrenal gland was either atrophied or not identified in 5 cats. Three of 4 cats developed hypoadrenocorticism after surgical adrenalectomy. Three cats achieved diabetic remission after adrenalectomy. Two cats treated with adrenalectomy survived >1 year, 1 cat survived 6.5 months, and 1 cat was alive 5.5 months after diagnosis. Survival >1 year occurred in 2 of 4 cats treated with medical management alone. Two cats were not treated. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The presence of multiple corticosteroid abnormalities should be considered in cats with aldosterone secreting adrenal tumors, especially those with concurrent diabetes mellitus. Both surgical and medical management can result in long‐term survival, although diabetic remission was documented only in cats undergoing adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin C Harro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent R Refsal
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole Shaw
- Veterinary Emergency and Referral Group, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Carolyn Gross
- Central Hospital for Veterinary Medicine, Guilford, Connecticut, USA
| | - W Mark Cousins
- The Cat Practice Veterinary Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Colleen F Monahan
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michal Mazaki-Tovi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Langlois DK, Mazaki-Tovi M, Harro CC, Refsal KR. Multiple corticosteroid abnormalities in cats with hyperaldosteronism. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2152-2158. [PMID: 34331479 PMCID: PMC8478033 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The frequency with which multiple corticosteroid abnormalities occur in cats with aldosterone secreting adrenocortical tumors is unknown. Objectives To evaluate adrenal‐derived corticosteroids in cats in which blood samples were submitted for measure of aldosterone. Animals Two hundred ninety‐seven cats. Methods Retrospective study. Analysis of a convenience sample of previously submitted serum or plasma. Progesterone, corticosterone, and cortisol were measured in feline serum or plasma samples submitted to an endocrinology laboratory for aldosterone measurements. Demographics and clinical history were retrieved from submittal forms when provided. Statistical testing was performed to investigate associations among the adrenal corticosteroids. Results Progesterone and corticosterone concentrations were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.74; P < .001). Progesterone (median, 5 nmol/L; interquartile range, 3‐10 nmol/L) and corticosterone (113 nmol/L, 38‐250 nmol/L) in cats with markedly increased aldosterone concentrations (≥3000 pmol/L) were higher than progesterone (1 nmol/L, 1‐2 nmol/L) and corticosterone (12 nmol/L, 3‐25 nmol/L) in cats with normal aldosterone concentrations (P < .001 for both comparisons). Progesterone concentrations ≥10 nmol/L (normal, ≤2 nmol//L) occurred in 24 of 76 (32%) cats with aldosterone concentrations ≥3000 pmol/L. Cortisol was lower in cats with aldosterone concentrations ≥3000 pmol/L as compared to those with aldosterone concentrations <500 pmol/L (59 nmol/L, 27‐103 nmol/L vs 103 nmol/L, 49‐182 nmol/L; P = .002). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Multiple corticosteroid abnormalities occur in a subset of cats with hyperaldosteronism. The magnitude of increases in progesterone and corticosterone in some cats with hyperaldosteronism is likely to be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michal Mazaki-Tovi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cailin C Harro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kent R Refsal
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Vincent AM, Okonkowski LK, Brudvig JM, Refsal KR, Berghoff N, Olivier NB, Langlois DK. Low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1720-1728. [PMID: 34114259 PMCID: PMC8295656 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) is a commonly used mineralocorticoid replacement for dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (HA), but manufacturer‐recommended dosing protocols can be cost‐prohibitive. Recent reports also have raised concerns that label dose protocols could be excessive. Objective To investigate the relative efficacy and adverse effects of 2 DOCP dosages in dogs with primary glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficient HA. Animals Thirty‐seven dogs, including 19 test population dogs and 18 controls. Methods Randomized controlled double‐blinded clinical trial. Dogs with newly diagnosed primary HA were assigned to standard (2.2 mg/kg q30d, control population) or low‐dose (1.1 mg/kg q30d, test population) DOCP treatment. Clinical and laboratory variables were assessed 10 to 14 days and approximately 30 days after each DOCP treatment for 90 days. Results Mean serum sodium to potassium ratios at reevaluations were ≥32 in both populations throughout the study. No dog developed electrolyte abnormalities warranting medical treatment, although hypokalemia occurred on at least 1 occasion in 9 controls and 6 test population dogs. Urine specific gravities (median, interquartile range) were lower in control dogs (1.022, 1.016‐1.029) as compared to test population dogs (1.033, 1.023‐1.039; P = .006). Plasma renin activity was overly suppressed on 84 of 104 (80.8%) assessments in control dogs whereas increased renin activity occurred on 23 of 112 (20.5%) assessments in test population dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Low‐dose DOCP protocols appear to be safe and effective for treatment of HA in most dogs. Standard‐dose protocols are more likely to result in biochemical evidence of overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha M Vincent
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Linda K Okonkowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jean M Brudvig
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent R Refsal
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nora Berghoff
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - N Bari Olivier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Appelgrein C, Hosgood G, Drynan E, Nesbitt A. Short-term outcome of adrenalectomy in dogs with adrenal gland tumours that did not receive pre-operative medical management. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:449-454. [PMID: 32583433 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Review medical records of dogs that underwent adrenalectomy without pre-operative medical management, to examine the peri-operative morbidity and mortality. DESIGN Case series of 65 dogs. METHODS Medical records were reviewed. Features recorded included the histologic diagnosis, intra-operative hypertension or tachycardia, requirement for cavotomy, administration of intra- and post-operative corticosteroids, performance of additional surgery and the occurrence of peri-operative complications. Dogs requiring emergency surgery were excluded. RESULTS Of the 65 dogs, 49 had adrenocortical tumours (11 bilateral), 13 had pheochromocytomas (one bilateral) and three dogs had tumours in both adrenal glands of a different tumour type. Five dogs had caudal vena cava invasion and 33 had additional procedures performed at the same time. Mortality occurred in 1/65 dogs (1.5%; 95% CI 0.03%-8.2%), major complications were identified in 1/65 dogs (1.5%; 95% CI 0.03%-8.2%) and minor complications occurred in 10/53 dogs (15%; 95% CI 8.6%-26%). CONCLUSION Based on the limited peri-operative complications and low mortality in this pre-operatively untreated cohort, and based on critique of the available literature, the added value afforded by pre-operative treatment is questioned. With appropriate management, adrenal tumours can be removed with few peri-operative complications and low mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Appelgrein
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - G Hosgood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - E Drynan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - A Nesbitt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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Langlois DK, Fritz MC, Schall WD, Bari Olivier N, Smedley RC, Pearson PG, Bailie MB, Hunt SW. ATR-101, a selective ACAT1 inhibitor, decreases ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations in dogs with naturally occurring Cushing's syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:24. [PMID: 29720169 PMCID: PMC5932779 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cushing's syndrome in humans shares many similarities with its counterpart in dogs in terms of etiology (pituitary versus adrenal causes), clinical signs, and pathophysiologic sequelae. In both species, treatment of pituitary- and adrenal-dependent disease is met with limitations. ATR-101, a selective inhibitor of ACAT1 (acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1), is a novel small molecule therapeutic currently in clinical development for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and Cushing's syndrome in humans. Previous studies in healthy dogs have shown that ATR-101 treatment led to rapid, dose-dependent decreases in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulated cortisol levels. The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the effects of ATR-101 in dogs with Cushing's syndrome. METHODS ATR-101 pharmacokinetics and activity were assessed in 10 dogs with naturally-occurring Cushing's syndrome, including 7 dogs with pituitary-dependent disease and 3 dogs with adrenal-dependent disease. ATR-101 was administered at 3 mg/kg PO once daily for one week, followed by 30 mg/kg PO once daily for one (n = 4) or three (n = 6) weeks. Clinical, biochemical, adrenal hormonal, and pharmacokinetic data were obtained weekly for study duration. RESULTS ATR-101 exposure increased with increasing dose. ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations, the primary endpoint for the study, were significantly decreased with responders (9 of 10 dogs) experiencing a mean ± standard deviation reduction in cortisol levels of 50 ± 17% at study completion. Decreases in pre-ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations were observed in some dogs although overall changes in pre-ACTH cortisol concentrations were not significant. The compound was well-tolerated and no serious drug-related adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential utility of naturally occurring canine Cushing's syndrome as a model for human disease and provides proof of concept for ATR-101 as a novel agent for the treatment of endocrine disorders like Cushing's syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Michele C Fritz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Present address: College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - William D Schall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - N Bari Olivier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rebecca C Smedley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Paul G Pearson
- Pearson Pharma Partners, Inc., Los Angeles, California, 91362, USA
| | - Marc B Bailie
- Integrated Non-Clinical Development Solutions, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA
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Bennaim M, Shiel RE, Forde C, Mooney CT. Evaluation of individual low-dose dexamethasone suppression test patterns in naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:967-977. [PMID: 29498108 PMCID: PMC5980256 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) may be more mildly affected at the time of diagnosis today, which could influence the prevalence of associated clinical and clinicopathological abnormalities and diagnostic test performance. Different low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) result patterns have not been evaluated individually. OBJECTIVES To assess the current features of HAC and evaluate if the diagnostic test performance of individual LDDST result patterns differ. ANIMALS One hundred and twenty-three dogs undergoing investigation for HAC. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of dogs in which a LDDST was performed and HAC confirmed or excluded by alternative means. Cases with basal cortisol concentrations (t0 ) < 1 μg/dL were excluded. Each LDDST result was classified as (a) complete suppression (t3 and t8 < 1 μg/dL), (b) lack of suppression (t3 and t8 > 1 μg/dL and both > 50% t0 ), (c) partial suppression (t3 and t8 > 1 μg/dL but either < 50% t0 ), (d) escape (t8 > 1 μg/dL and t3 < 1 μg/dL) or (e) inverse (t3 > 1 μg/dL and t8 < 1 μg/dL) pattern. RESULTS Fifty-nine (48%) dogs were diagnosed with HAC and 64 (52%) with non-adrenal illness. Hyperadrenocorticism cases had similar clinicopathological abnormalities compared to previous reports. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the LDDST for diagnosing HAC were 96.6 (91.9-100)%, 67.2 (55.7-78.7)%, 73.1 (63.2-82.9)%, and 95.6 (89.5-100)%, respectively. Lack of suppression pattern had the highest PPV (93.9 [85.8-100]%) followed by the partial suppression pattern (67.9 [50.6-85.2]%) and escape or inverse pattern (36.8 [15.1-58.5]%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE A lack of suppression LDDST pattern has the highest PPV for diagnosing HAC followed by a partial suppression pattern. By contrast, the escape or inverse pattern provided limited support of HAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bennaim
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College DublinBelfieldDublinIreland
| | - Robert E. Shiel
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College DublinBelfieldDublinIreland
| | - Christopher Forde
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College DublinBelfieldDublinIreland
| | - Carmel T. Mooney
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College DublinBelfieldDublinIreland
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Skovira EJ, Behrend EN, Martin LG, Palmer LE, Kemppainen RJ, Lee HP. Effect of laparotomy on the pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:919-925. [PMID: 28737999 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess effects of major abdominal surgery on serum cortisol and aldosterone and plasma canine ACTH (cACTH) concentrations. ANIMALS 39 healthy dogs undergoing laparotomy during veterinary student surgical laboratories. PROCEDURES Blood samples were obtained before and at completion of surgery. Serum cortisol and aldosterone and plasma cACTH concentrations were measured by use of validated radioimmunoassays. Changes in concentrations (postoperative concentration minus preoperative concentration) were calculated. Data were analyzed by use of the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Pearson correlation analysis, and Mann-Whitney rank sum test. RESULTS Cortisol, aldosterone, and cACTH concentrations increased significantly from before to after surgery. Although cortisol and aldosterone concentrations increased in almost all dogs, cACTH concentrations decreased in 6 of 32 (19%) dogs. All dogs had preoperative cortisol concentrations within the reference range, but 24 of 39 (62%) dogs had postoperative concentrations above the reference range. A correlation between the change in cACTH concentration and the change in cortisol concentration was not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laparotomy caused a significant increase in serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations. In most dogs, but not all dogs, plasma cACTH concentrations increased. Lack of correlation between the change in cACTH concentration and the change in cortisol concentration suggested that increased postoperative cortisol concentrations may have been attributable to ACTH-independent mechanisms, an early ACTH increase that caused a sustained cortisol release, or decreased cortisol clearance. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the effects of various anesthetic protocols and minimally invasive surgical techniques on the stress response.
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Deviche P, Desaivre S, Giraudeau M. Experimental Manipulation of Corticosterone Does Not Influence the Clearance Rate of Plasma Testosterone in Birds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:575-582. [DOI: 10.1086/693043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Martinez J, Kellogg C, Iazbik MC, Couto CG, Pressler BM, Hoepf TM, Radin MJ. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Greyhounds and Non-Greyhound Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:988-993. [PMID: 28488321 PMCID: PMC5508314 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood pressure, electrolyte homeostasis, and renal function. Blood pressure, serum sodium concentrations, and urinary albumin excretion are higher in Greyhounds than other purebred and mixed‐breed dogs. Hypothesis Alterations in the RAAS in Greyhounds are associated with hemodynamic and clinicopathologic differences observed in the breed. Animals Clinically healthy Greyhound and non‐Greyhound dogs consecutively enrolled as blood donors (n = 20/group). Methods Prospective study. Standard chemical analysis was performed on serum and urine. Serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity was determined by fluorometric assay. All other RAAS hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) was measured by immunoassay. Measurements were compared to blood pressure and urine albumin concentration. Data are presented as mean ± SD or median, range. Results Serum creatinine (1.5 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.1 mg/dL, P < .001), sodium (149, 147–152 vs 148, 146–150 mEq/L, P = .017), and SDMA (16.1 ± 2.9 vs 12.2 ± 1.8 μg/dL, P < .001) were significantly higher in Greyhounds versus non‐Greyhounds, respectively. Plasma renin activity (0.69, 0.10–1.93 vs 0.65, 0.27–2.93 ng/mL/h, P = .60) and ACE activity (4.5, 2.1–8.5 vs 4.6, 2.1–11.4 activity/mL; P = .77) were similar between groups and did not correlate with higher systolic pressures and albuminuria in Greyhounds. Plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly lower in Greyhounds versus non‐Greyhounds (11, 11–52 vs 15, 11–56 pg/mL, respectively, P = .002). Conclusions and clinical importance Basal RAAS activation did not differ between healthy Greyhounds and non‐Greyhounds. Lower aldosterone concentration in Greyhounds is an appropriate physiologic response to higher serum sodium concentration and blood pressure, suggesting that angiotensin II effects in the renal tubule predominate over those of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martinez
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - C Kellogg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - M C Iazbik
- Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - C G Couto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - B M Pressler
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - T M Hoepf
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - M J Radin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
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Guerios SD, Souza CHDM, Bacon NJ. Adrenocortical tumor in a cat secreting more than one type of corticosteroid. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915617970. [PMID: 28491398 PMCID: PMC5362000 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915617970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE SUMMARY A 14-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of a right adrenal mass. The referring veterinarian had started treatment for hypokalemia and systemic arterial hypertension. During the initial evaluation the cat was alert and responsive, and serum potassium concentration was within the reference range. Serum concentrations of aldosterone and progesterone were increased. Atrophy of the contralateral adrenal and an exaggerated response of cortisol to stimulation with adrenocorticotropic hormone suggested hypersecretion of cortisol. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed and recovery was uneventful. Histologic examination of the mass revealed an adrenocortical tumor. After surgery, clinical signs of hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism were no longer observed, and neither potassium supplementation nor antihypertensive treatment were needed. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION In cases with an adrenocortical tumor, clinicians should investigate whether the tumor hypersecretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex steroids or combinations of these. Hypersecretion of more than one adrenal hormone may occur in a cat with an adrenocortical tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas J Bacon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Reid LE, Behrend EN, Martin LG, Kemppainen RJ, Ward CR, Lurye JC, Donovan TC, Lee HP. Effect of trilostane and mitotane on aldosterone secretory reserve in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:443-50. [PMID: 24400747 PMCID: PMC4858010 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maximal aldosterone secretion in healthy dogs occurs 30 minutes postadrenocorticotropin (ACTH; 5 μg/kg IV) stimulation. The effect of trilostane and mitotane on aldosterone at that time is unknown. Objectives To assess the effect of trilostane and mitotane in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism on aldosterone secretory reserve. To determine if aldosterone concentration correlates with electrolyte concentrations. Animals Serum collected from 79 client‐owned dogs and 33 stored samples. Methods Client‐owned dogs had ACTH stimulation tests with cortisol concentrations measured at 0 and 60 minutes and aldosterone concentrations measured at 0, 30, and 60 minutes. Stored samples had aldosterone concentrations measured at 0 and 60 minutes. Ten historical clinically healthy controls were included. All had basal sodium and potassium concentrations measured. Results The aldosterone concentrations in the mitotane‐ and trilostane‐treated dogs at 30 and 60 minutes post‐ACTH were significantly lower than in clinically healthy dogs; no significant difference was detected in aldosterone concentration between 30 and 60 minutes in treated dogs. However, a significantly higher percentage of dogs had decreased aldosterone secretory reserve detected at 30 minutes than at 60 minutes. At 30 minutes, decreased secretory reserve was detected in 49% and 78% of trilostane‐ and mitotane‐treated dogs, respectively. No correlation was detected between aldosterone and serum electrolyte concentrations. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Decreased aldosterone secretory reserve is common in trilostane‐ and mitotane‐treated dogs; it cannot be predicted by measurement of serum electrolyte concentrations. Aldosterone concentration at 30 minutes post‐ACTH stimulation identifies more dogs with decreased aldosterone secretory reserve than conventional testing at 60 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Reid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
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14
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Arenas C, Pérez-Alenza D, Melián C. Clinical features, outcome and prognostic factors in dogs diagnosed with non-cortisol-secreting adrenal tumours without adrenalectomy: 20 cases (1994-2009). Vet Rec 2013; 173:501. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Arenas
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University Complutense of Madrid; Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n 28040 Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - D. Pérez-Alenza
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University Complutense of Madrid; Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n 28040 Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - C. Melián
- Clínica Veterinaria Atlántico; Pi y Margall 42 Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35006 Spain
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15
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Frankot JL, Behrend EN, Sebestyen P, Powers BE. Adrenocortical carcinoma in a dog with incomplete excision managed long-term with metastasectomy alone. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:417-23. [PMID: 23033463 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 10 yr old bichon frise presented with a 3 mo history of polyuria, polydipsia, and hind limb weakness. Serum biochemistry revealed persistent hypokalemia. A left adrenal gland mass with right adrenal atrophy was detected ultrasonographically. Basal serum cortisol concentration was at the low end of normal (30 nmol/L; reference range, 30-140 nmol/L) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated cortisol concentration was low (199 nmol/L; reference range, 220-470 nmol/L). Basal serum 17-α-OH progesterone concentration was also low (0.03 ng/mL; reference range, 0.06-0.30 ng/mL), but the aldosterone concentration 2 hr after the ACTH stimulation was elevated (> 3,000 pmol/L; reference range, 197-2,103 pmol/L). A left adrenalectomy and nephrectomy were performed. Histopathology revealed an adrenocortical zona glomerulosa carcinoma. Surgical excision was considered incomplete; however, clinical signs resolved. Two years later, basal and ACTH-stimulated aldosterone concentrations were elevated. Computed tomography demonstrated a mass effect in the liver. The left lateral and left medial hepatic lobes were removed. Histopathology confirmed metastatic endocrine carcinoma. The patient was stable 1,353 days postsurgically (when this report was prepared). This is the first case report of a metastatic adrenal carcinoma that was successfully managed surgically for > 3 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Frankot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA
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16
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Davis MK, Schochet RA, Wrigley R. ULTRASONOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF VASCULAR INVASION BY ADRENAL TUMORS IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:442-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Davis
- From the Veterinary Cancer Group; Culver City; CA; 90232
| | | | - Robert Wrigley
- Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Ft. Collins; CO; 80526
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17
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18
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McGraw AL, Whitley EM, Lee HP, Boothe DM, Behrend EN. Determination of the concentrations of trilostane and ketotrilostane that inhibit ex vivo canine adrenal gland synthesis of cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:661-5. [PMID: 21529218 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.5.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether trilostane or ketotrilostane is more potent in dogs and determine the trilostane and ketotrilostane concentrations that inhibit adrenal gland cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone secretion by 50%. SAMPLE 24 adrenal glands from 18 mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURES Adrenal gland tissues were sliced, placed in tissue culture, and stimulated with 100 pg of ACTH/mL alone or with 5 concentrations of trilostane or ketotrilostane. Trials were performed independently 4 times. In each trial, 6 samples (1 for each time point) were collected for each of the 5 concentrations of trilostane and ketotrilostane tested as well as a single negative control samples. At the end of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 hours, tubes were harvested and media and tissue slices were assayed for cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and potassium concentrations. Data were analyzed via pharmacodynamic modeling. One adrenal slice exposed to each concentration of trilostane or ketotrilostane was submitted for histologic examination to assess tissue viability. RESULTS Ketotrilostane was 4.9 and 2.4 times as potent in inhibiting cortisol and corticosterone secretion, respectively, as its parent compound trilostane. For trilostane and ketotrilostane, the concentrations that inhibited secretion of cortisol or corticosterone secretion by 50% were 480 and 98.4 ng/mL, respectively, and 95.0 and 39.6 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ketotrilostane was more potent than trilostane with respect to inhibition of cortisol and corticosterone secretion. The data should be useful in developing future studies to evaluate in vivo serum concentrations of trilostane and ketotrilostane for efficacy in the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L McGraw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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19
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Corrigan AM, Behrend EN, Martin LG, Kemppainen RJ. Effect of glucocorticoid administration on serum aldosterone concentration in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:649-54. [PMID: 20513180 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.6.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of oral administration of anti-inflammatory dosages of prednisone for 28 days on serum aldosterone, cortisol, and electrolyte concentrations in clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS 10 dogs. PROCEDURES On days 1 through 28, 5 dogs received prednisone (0.55 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) and 5 dogs received similar treatments with a placebo (empty capsules). Serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation testing and serum electrolyte concentrations were measured before (day 0 [baseline]), during (days 7, 14, 21, and 28), and after (days 35 and 42) treatment. RESULTS At baseline, variables did not differ between the 2 groups. Serum cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation testing did not change from baseline values in placebo-treated dogs. In prednisone-treated dogs, serum chloride and corrected chloride concentrations were significantly lower on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 and serum bicarbonate concentrations were significantly higher on days 14, 21, and 28, compared with baseline values. Serum cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation testing were significantly lower than baseline values during prednisone treatment. Serum aldosterone concentration after ACTH stimulation testing was significantly lower than baseline on day 35 (ie, 1 week after discontinuation of prednisone treatment) but returned to baseline by day 42 in prednisone-treated dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of anti-inflammatory dosages of prednisone caused significant changes in serum chloride, bicarbonate, and cortisol concentrations in clinically normal dogs. Although ACTH-stimulated serum aldosterone concentrations were unchanged from baseline during glucocorticoid administration, values decreased after treatment cessation but quickly returned to baseline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Corrigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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20
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Defining normal adrenal function testing in the intensive care unit setting: a canine study. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:553-61. [PMID: 20016376 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181cb0a25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether intensive care medicine therapies and testing influence hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal test results. It is routine in intensive care medicine to measure hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, commonly utilizing the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test to diagnose absolute or relative adrenal insufficiency. DESIGN Prospective, 96-hr animal study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Twenty-four healthy canines. INTERVENTIONS Animals were randomized into two groups--awake and unrestrained or treated with intensive care medicine therapies, including sedation, intubation, and mechanical ventilation. Animals were further randomized to receive dexamethasone (or placebo) or undergo either a total of four or seven adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tests over 96 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sedation, intubation, and mechanical ventilation transiently increased both basal and postadrenocorticotropic hormone total and free cortisol concentrations >2-fold as compared with baseline for the first 24 hrs (p < or = .05 for both). Performance of seven stimulation tests increased both basal and postadrenocorticotropic hormone total and free cortisol concentrations from baseline by >1.5-fold for the duration of the 96-hr study (p < or = .05). Neither sedation, intubation, and mechanical ventilation nor the performance of more stimulation tests affected delta cortisol measurements (total or free cortisol, p = NS). In contrast, dexamethasone suppressed basal total cortisol concentrations by >2-fold (p < or = .005) at all time points and transiently increased delta total cortisol by approximately 35% during the first 24 hrs of the study (p < or = .05). CONCLUSIONS Total and free cortisol measurements--whether pre- or post- adrenocorticotropic hormone or as a calculated delta--were altered by intensive care therapies or frequent adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing with one exception. Delta free cortisol was the only hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal measurement unaffected by sedation, intubation, and mechanical ventilation, completion of more adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tests, or dexamethasone therapy. These findings support the need to determine normal ranges for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal testing in subjects receiving intensive care medicine before establishing laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of relative adrenal insufficiency.
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Carter RT, Oliver JW, Stepien RL, Bentley E. Elevations in sex hormones in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2009; 45:207-14. [PMID: 19723843 DOI: 10.5326/0450207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dogs diagnosed with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) commonly are presented with concurrent clinical, physical, and historical findings consistent with hyperadreno-corticism (HAC) at the time of vision loss. Thirteen dogs diagnosed with SARDS on the basis of complete ophthalmic examination and extinguished bright-flash electroretinogram were evaluated for steroid hormonal abnormalities. Signalment, case history, physical examination, and clinicopathological findings were recorded. Serum cortisol and sex-hormone concentrations were measured before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation. Clinical signs of HAC, systemic hypertension, and proteinuria were commonly found in dogs with SARDS. Elevations in one or more sex hormones were found in 11 (85%) of 13 dogs (95% confidence interval [CI] 65% to 100%); cortisol was elevated in nine (69%) of 13 dogs (95% CI 44% to 94%). A minority of dogs (three [23%] of 13; 95% CI 0.2% to 46%) exhibited only an increase in adrenal sex hormones. Only one dog had completely normal ACTH stimulation test results. Symptoms of HAC were associated with abnormal ACTH stimulation results. Routine ACTH stimulation testing to evaluate cortisol and sex hormones, blood pressure screening, and urinalysis are recommended in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Davies DR, Foster SF, Hopper BJ, Staudte KL, O'Hara AJ, Irwin PJ. Hypokalaemic paresis, hypertension, alkalosis and adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in a dog. Aust Vet J 2008; 86:139-46. [PMID: 18363988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2008.00276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Generalised paresis, severe hypokalaemia and kaliuresis, metabolic alkalosis and hypertension, characteristic of mineralocorticoid excess, were identified in a dog with hyperadrenocorticism due to a functional adrenocortical carcinoma. Aldosterone concentration was decreased and deoxycorticosterone concentration increased in the presence of hypokalaemia. These metabolic abnormalities resolved with resection of the carcinoma. Mineralocorticoid excess in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism is generally considered to be of little clinical significance but resulted in the acute presentation of this patient. The possible pathogenesis of mineralocorticoid excess in this case of canine hyperadrenocorticism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Davies
- Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6154
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MACHIDA T, UCHIDA E, MATSUDA K, HIRAYAMA K, YOSHII K, TAKIGUCHI M, TANIYAMA H. Aldosterone-, Corticosterone- and Cortisol-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a Dog: Case Report. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:317-20. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko MACHIDA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Eiji UCHIDA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kazuya MATSUDA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kazuko HIRAYAMA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | | | - Mitsuhiko TAKIGUCHI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Hiroyuki TANIYAMA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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Behrend EN, Kemppainen RJ, Boozer AL, Whitley EM, Smith AN, Busch KA. Serum 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and corticosterone concentrations in dogs with nonadrenal neoplasia and dogs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 227:1762-7. [PMID: 16342524 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess serum 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and corticosterone concentrations in dogs with nonadrenal neoplasia and dogs being screened for hyperadrenocorticism. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 16 clinically normal dogs, 35 dogs with nonadrenal neoplasia, and 127 dogs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism. PROCEDURE ACTH stimulation tests were performed in all dogs. Baseline serum cortisol and corticosterone concentrations were measured in the healthy dogs; baseline serum cortisol concentration and ACTH-stimulated cortisol, corticosterone, and 17OHP concentrations were measured in all dogs. Endogenous plasma ACTH concentration was also measured before administration of ACTH in dogs with neoplasia. RESULTS In 35 dogs with neoplasia, 31.4% had high serum 17OHP concentration and 22.9% had high serum corticosterone concentration. Of the 127 dogs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism, 59 (46.5%) had high ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations; of those, 42 of 59 (71.2%) and 32 of 53 (60.4%) had high serum 17OHP and corticosterone concentrations, respectively. Of dogs with serum cortisol concentration within reference range after ACTH administration, 9 of 68 (13.2%) and 7 of 67 (10.4%) had high serum 17OHP and corticosterone concentrations, respectively. In the dogs with neoplasia and dogs suspected of having hyperadrenocorticism, post-ACTH serum hormone concentrations were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum concentrations of 17OHP or corticosterone after administration of ACTH may be high in dogs with nonadrenal neoplasia and no evidence of hyperadrenocorticism. Changes in serum 17OHP or corticosterone concentrations after administration of ACTH are proportionate with changes in cortisol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen N Behrend
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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