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Köster LS, Newkirk K, Krawec P. A case report: Null-cell cardiac lymphoma in an English bulldog. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1256442. [PMID: 38384958 PMCID: PMC10879359 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1256442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report describes a novel example of an extranodal null-type lymphoma in the myocardium of a middle-aged English bulldog who presented with signs of right heart failure. An echocardiogram found, in addition to the pericardial effusion, thickened right and left ventricular free walls and the interventricular septum. The right ventricular free wall myocardium had multinodular lesions, suspicious for infiltrative disease. The owner elected humane euthanasia, and permission for necropsy was obtained. Multifocal left and right ventricular nodules and an incidental aortic root mass were detected, the latter of which was later confirmed as a chemodectoma. Microscopically, the myocardial nodules were sheets of round cells consistent with a high-grade lymphoma. Neoplastic cells were not immunoreactive to CD3 (T-cell) or CD20 and CD79a (B-cell), Mum-1 (plasma cell), CD117 (mast cell), or CD18 (histiocyte). These findings are consistent with a high-grade, null-cell-type lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza S. Köster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, C247 Veterinary Medical Center, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Kim Newkirk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Philip Krawec
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, C247 Veterinary Medical Center, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Vasilatis DM, Vernau W. Pericardial effusion in a dog due to T‐cell lymphoma of granular lymphocyte type. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1877-1880. [PMID: 35810478 PMCID: PMC9514465 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericardial effusions in dogs are most often diagnosed as haemorrhagic and idiopathic. Pericardial effusions secondary to an underlying neoplastic process are infrequently diagnosed, as neoplastic cells are rarely observed in a sample of the effusion. In the present report, we describe a 9‐year‐old dog with pericardial effusion due to T‐cell lymphoma of granular lymphocyte type. Immunophenotyping and molecular clonality PCR were performed to confirm the cytologic diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pericardial effusion in a dog due to T‐cell lymphoma of granular lymphocyte type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demitria M. Vasilatis
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California–Davis Davis California USA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California–Davis Davis California USA
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3
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Morey AG, Wiggen KE. ECG of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1-3. [PMID: 35560128 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.05.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Pugh E, Fonfara S, Appleby R, Comeau D, Minors S, Singh A. Intrapericardial neuroendocrine tumour in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 39:63-68. [PMID: 34979483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old neutered male Border Terrier presented for pericardiectomy after a nine-month history of tricavitary effusion, dyspnoea and lethargy. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a fluid-filled structure at the heart base, starting at the mid-right ventricle and extending to the middle of the right atrium. Almost complete compression of the right atrium and the cranial vena cava was noted. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a heterogeneously enhancing and poorly marginated mass within the cranial aspect of the pericardium. A median sternotomy and subtotal pericardiectomy were performed. A non-distinct fluid-filled structure within the pericardium adhered to the epicardium was visualised. The structure was removed via marsupialisation along with extirpation of enlarged sternal lymph nodes. Histopathological examination of the sternal lymph nodes revealed expansile, well-demarcated, unencapsulated nodules of neoplastic cells consistent with a neuroendocrine tumour suspected to be thyroid in origin. After surgery, intractable pleural effusion resulted in euthanasia. Intrapericardial ectopic thyroid tumours are rarely reported in animals. The location of the mass and unusual presentation may have made it challenging for echocardiography to identify this neoplasia. Thoracic computed tomography at an earlier stage may have identified the neoplasia and potentially allowed for surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pugh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Fonfara
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Appleby
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D Comeau
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon St., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Minors
- Mississauga Oakville Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital, 2285 Bristol Circle, Oakville, Ontario, L6H 6P8, Canada
| | - A Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Elsharkawy SH, Torad FA. Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy as a Sequel to Hydronephrosis Induced by Transitional Cell Carcinoma. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 45:100585. [PMID: 34536619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old female Griffon dog was presented for evaluation due to a 5-month history of hematuria and systemic hypertension. Thoracic auscultation detected a grade II/VI left apical systolic murmur. Abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of a heterogeneous mass at the trigonal area of the urinary bladder, extending to the left ureter cranially and caudally toward the bladder's neck. Marked left hydronephrosis and hydroureter were detected as well as mild right hydronephrosis. Cytological examination of urine sediment confirmed the presence of transitional cell carcinoma. Echocardiography disclosed marked left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, which likely developed as a consequence of systemic hypertension induced by the bilateral hydronephrosis due to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Elsharkawy
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Faisal A Torad
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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McAlexander HW, Hecht S, Auger M. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:839-842. [PMID: 33825527 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.8.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Scheuermann LM, Gordon-Evans WJ, Nault AJ. Systematic review of the treatment options for pericardial effusions in dogs. Vet Surg 2020; 50:20-28. [PMID: 32678497 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence for the conservative and surgical management of pericardial effusions for neoplastic and idiopathic etiologies in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. SAMPLE POPULATION Peer-reviewed English-language articles describing the treatment and outcome of naturally occurring pericardial effusion in domestic dogs. METHODS A literature search was performed with PubMed, Cab Abstracts, Scopus, and Agricola in August 2019 for articles describing pericardial effusion treatment in dogs. Inclusion criteria were applied, and articles were evaluated for reported outcome and level of evidence by using The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence, a previously described hierarchical system, and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). RESULTS One hundred eight of the 641 unique articles that were identified and evaluated met inclusion criteria. Most articles included were case studies (68.2%) or retrospective case series (25.2%), with all articles providing a low level of evidence. The articles had inconsistent inclusion criteria, outcome measures, and follow-up, making comparison of outcomes difficult. CONCLUSION Because of the low quality of evidence of the studies included in this systematic review and the variability of the outcomes, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend one treatment option rather than another. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There is a requirement for higher quality evidence such as randomized controlled trials and prospective comparative cohort studies. Standardization of outcome measures reported for each treatment option and disease process studied will allow for better comparison of outcomes between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Scheuermann
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Wanda J Gordon-Evans
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - André J Nault
- Veterinary Medical Library, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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Vezzosi T, Domenech O, Cipollini C, Cantile C, Côté E, Tognetti R. ECG of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:1234-1236. [PMID: 31730434 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.11.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Obstructive right ventricular outflow tract myxosarcoma in an adult dog. J Vet Cardiol 2020; 29:47-53. [PMID: 32464578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old female spayed German Shepherd cross was presented for acute onset of respiratory distress. Four days before presentation, the owner noticed a reduced appetite and reluctance to move. Clinical examination identified muffled lung sounds and a left base, diamond-shaped systolic murmur graded 4/6. Echocardiography identified pleural and pericardial effusion, ascites and a myxoid mass (39 mm/18.9 mm) obstructing the right ventricular outflow tract and interfering with the pulmonary valve function. Given the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanatised, and a postmortem examination was performed. Grossly, a mass with a heterogeneous appearance was identified below the pulmonary valve leaflets. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of intracardiac myxosarcoma affecting the subvalvular region of the pulmonary artery was made. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of right ventricle out flow tract myxosarcoma in the canine species.
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Tumielewicz KL, Hudak D, Kim J, Hunley DW, Murphy LA. Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:271-296. [PMID: 30900396 PMCID: PMC6682806 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncological emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy and need to be recognized promptly to maximize successful outcomes. Emergencies are characterized as chemotherapy-induced, paraneoplastic syndromes, or directly related to the neoplasm. Prompt identification with treatment of these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This review aims to educate the reader on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of some of these emergencies, and to review the current veterinary literature to help educate veterinarians in primary and tertiary facilities to know how to diagnose and treat these serious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Hudak
- Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | - Lisa A. Murphy
- Veterinary Specialty Center of DelawareNewcastleDelawareUSA
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Kimura Y, Harada T, Sasaki T, Imai T, Machida N. Primary cardiac lymphoma in a 10-week-old dog. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1716-1719. [PMID: 30249928 PMCID: PMC6261812 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-week-old miniature dachshund presented with acute onset of weakness. Electrocardiography showed sustained ventricular tachycardia, and thoracic and abdominal radiography revealed
pleural and peritoneal effusion. Echocardiography revealed severely hypokinetic left and right ventricles. Thoracocentesis and abdominocentesis and subsequent transfer to an oxygen chamber
yielded no clinical improvement, and the dog died about 1 hr after admission. Gross examination of a longitudinal section through the entire heart revealed poorly demarcated focal or patchy
areas of grayish-white tissue infiltrating extensively into the myocardium. Histologically, these lesions were consistent with infiltrative proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells.
Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) of T-cell origin. There have been no previous reports of such young dogs with PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Harada
- Heart Animal Clinic, 1-7-13 Maedaminami-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-0851, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Noboru Machida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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13
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Pedro B, Linney C, Navarro-Cubas X, Stephenson H, Dukes-McEwan J, Gelzer AR, Kraus MS. Cytological diagnosis of cardiac masses with ultrasound guided fine needle aspirates. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 18:47-56. [PMID: 26683157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac masses are uncommon in the canine population. When present, an attempt should be made to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Our goal with this case series was to report that as long as anatomic location permits, obtaining fine needle aspirates (FNAs) for cytological evaluation is practical, safe, and may provide a definitive diagnosis. METHODS Our database has been retrospectively searched for cases where FNA of cardiac masses have been performed. RESULTS A total of six cases were retrieved. Four dogs were under general anaesthesia and two were sedated. Ultrasound guided transthoracic FNAs were obtained in all cases with only minor complications: mild self-limiting pericardial effusion (n = 1) and one ventricular ectopic complex (n = 1). All dogs were closely monitored during the procedure (pulse oximetry, electrocardiography and blood pressure). A diagnosis was obtained in all cases: inflammation (n = 1), haemangiosarcoma (n = 2), sarcoma (n = 2) and chemodectoma (n = 1). CONCLUSION A cytological diagnosis allows clinicians to make appropriate clinical decisions, has dramatic impact on treatment recommendations and gives information about prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigite Pedro
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Christopher Linney
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK; Veterinary Cardiorespiratory Centre, Kenilworth, Warwickshire, CV8 1JL, UK
| | - Xavier Navarro-Cubas
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Hannah Stephenson
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK; HS Cardiology, Dalton House, 9 Dalton Square, Lancaster, LA1 1WD, UK
| | - Joanna Dukes-McEwan
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Anna R Gelzer
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Marc S Kraus
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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Treggiari E, Pedro B, Dukes-McEwan J, Gelzer AR, Blackwood L. A descriptive review of cardiac tumours in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:273-288. [PMID: 26420436 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tumours are uncommon in the canine and feline population and often an incidental finding. Common types include haemangiosarcoma (HSA), aortic body tumours (chemodectoma and paraganglioma) and lymphoma. These neoplasms can cause mild to severe, life-threatening clinical signs that are independent of the histological type and may be related to altered cardiovascular function or local haemorrhage/effusion into the pericardial space. Cardiac tumours may require symptomatic treatment aimed at controlling tumour bleeding and potential arrhythmias, and other signs caused by the mass effect. Additional treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For all medical therapies, complete remission is unlikely and medical management, beyond adjunctive chemotherapy in HSA, requires further investigation but combination chemotherapy is recommended for lymphoma. The aim of this report is to summarize and critically appraise the current literature in a descriptive review. However, interpretation is limited by the lack of definitive diagnosis and retrospective nature of most studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Treggiari
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - B Pedro
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - J Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - A R Gelzer
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Fungal myocarditis and pericardial effusion secondary to Inonotus tropicalis (phylum Basidiomycota) in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 17:142-8. [PMID: 26003903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fungal disease is a rare cause of pericardial effusion in dogs. This report describes the first case of fungal pericardial effusion and myocarditis secondary to the fungal organism Inonotus tropicalis. A 9-year-old female spayed French bulldog with a multi-year history of treatment with glucocorticoids for management of atopy was presented for exercise intolerance, ascites and weight loss. Physical examination and thoracic imaging revealed enlarged peripheral and cranial mediastinal lymph nodes, left ventricular thickening and cardiac tamponade secondary to pericardial effusion. Fine needle aspiration of the cranial mediastinal lymph node showed pyogranulomatous inflammation with short, thin and poorly septated hyphae. Culture of the aspirate yielded a fungal isolate identified as Inonotus tropicalis based on morphologic features and rRNA gene sequencing. Postmortem examination showed myocardial thickening with multifocal to coalescing, firm, white, ill-defined nodules. Histology confirmed the presence of disseminated fungal infection with extensive myocardial involvement. Inonotus tropicalis is an opportunistic poroid wood-decaying basidiomycete. Infection in this dog was likely the result of chronic immunosuppressive therapy.
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Tong LJ, Bennett SL, Thompson DJ, Adsett SL, Shiel RE. Right-sided congestive heart failure in a dog because of a primary intracavitary myocardial lymphoma. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:67-71. [PMID: 25708789 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT A 9-year-old female intact Cocker Spaniel was presented with a history of acute-onset dyspnoea and abdominal distension of 3 days' duration. Ultrasonography revealed pleural, peritoneal and pericardial effusions. Abdominal fluid analysis was consistent with a modified transudate. Echocardiography revealed a large, hypoechoic space-occupying mass within the right atrium. The dog was euthanased and the postmortem examination showed a solid, 40 × 35 × 20 mm broad-based mass arising from the right atrial wall and occluding approximately 90% of the right atrial lumen. Histopathology revealed myocardial lymphoma. There were histologically similar, focal nodules in the lung parenchyma without involvement of other extracardiac sites. There was gross and histological evidence of hepatic congestion and marked distension of the caudal vena cava, consistent with secondary right-sided congestive heart failure. CONCLUSION This case highlights the need to consider lymphoma as a differential diagnosis for an intra-atrial mass and as a cause of congestive heart failure in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Tong
- Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Scollan KF, Bottorff B, Stieger-Vanegas S, Nemanic S, Sisson D. Use of multidetector computed tomography in the assessment of dogs with pericardial effusion. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 29:79-87. [PMID: 25307069 PMCID: PMC4858078 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contrast‐enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) allows high spatial and temporal resolution imaging of cardiac, thoracic, and abdominal structures. Accurate determination of the cause of pericardial effusion (PE) is essential to providing appropriate treatment and prognosis. Echocardiography and pericardial fluid analysis may not differentiate between causes of PE and cannot identify extracardiac metastasis. Hypothesis/Objectives Describe the thoracic and abdominal MDCT findings and evaluate the utility of MDCT to differentiate between neoplastic and nonneoplastic causes of PE in dogs. Animals Eleven client‐owned dogs with PE diagnosed by echocardiography. Methods Prospective observational study. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 3‐view thoracic radiography, and contrast‐enhanced thoracic and abdominal MDCT images were evaluated for the presence of cardiac masses, pulmonary metastases, and abdominal masses. Histopathology in 5 dogs and survival analysis in all dogs were evaluated. Results A neoplastic cause was identified in 6/11 dogs and a nonneoplastic cause was identified in 5/11. Cardiac MDCT findings were consistent with TTE findings in all dogs with right atrial (5/5) and heart base masses (1/1). Pulmonary metastases were identified in 1/11 dogs by thoracic radiography and in 2/11 dogs by MDCT. MDCT identified splenic or hepatic lesions consistent with neoplasia in 6/11 and 5/11 dogs, respectively. Focal MDCT pericardial changes at the pericardiocentesis site were noted in 3/11 dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Multidetector computed tomography did not improve the detection of cardiac masses in dogs with PE over echocardiography. The benefit of MDCT was primarily in the detection of pulmonary metastases and extracardiac lesions using a single imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Scollan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Cagle LA, Epstein SE, Owens SD, Mellema MS, Hopper K, Burton AG. Diagnostic yield of cytologic analysis of pericardial effusion in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 28:66-71. [PMID: 24236526 PMCID: PMC4895544 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pericardial effusion cytology is believed by many to be of limited value, yet few studies have evaluated its diagnostic utility. Objectives To determine the diagnostic utility of cytologic analysis of pericardial effusion in dogs and to determine if consideration of additional data could improve the diagnostic yield. Animals Two hundred and fifty‐nine dogs with cytologic analysis of pericardial effusion performed between April 1990 and June 2012. Methods Electronic medical records from a university teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed; signalment, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, cytologic analysis of pericardial effusion, and echocardiographic data were recorded. Cytology was classified as diagnostic (infectious or neoplastic) or nondiagnostic (hemorrhagic or other) and groups were compared with multiple Student's t‐tests. Results Cytology was grouped as nondiagnostic (92.3%) or diagnostic (7.7%) and characterized as hemorrhagic (90%), neoplastic (4.6%), infectious (3.1%), or other (2.3%). Overall cytologic analysis of pericardial effusion diagnostic utility was 7.7% and increased to 20.3% if the effusion hematocrit (HCT) <10%; echocardiographic evidence of a mass did not result in a significant increase in the diagnostic utility. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The diagnostic utility of cytologic analysis of canine pericardial effusion is variable depending on the underlying etiology. In this group of dogs, the diagnostic yield of cytologic analysis was greater for pericardial effusion samples in which the HCT was less than 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Cagle
- William R. Pritchard, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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Complete atrioventricular block secondary to cardiac lymphoma in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2012; 14:537-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gallay J, Bélanger MC, Hélie P, Côté E, Johnson TO, Peters ME. Cardiac leiomyoma associated with advanced atrioventricular block in a young dog. J Vet Cardiol 2011; 13:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Guglielmini C, Civitella C, Malatesta D, Palmieri C. Metastatic Pericardial Tumors in a Dog With Equivocal Pericardial Cytological Findings. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 43:284-7. [PMID: 17823478 DOI: 10.5326/0430284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A metastatic tumor associated with pericardial effusion was diagnosed in a 6-year-old, female, mixed-breed dog. Echocardiography identified multiple echogenic masses adherent to both visceral and parietal pericardium, while results of pericardial fluid cytology were non-diagnostic. The distribution pattern of the masses is remarkable in that they protruded from both pericardial surfaces, rather than one, and demonstrated an oscillatory motion during the cardiac cycle. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of multiple metastatic tumors of the pericardium, with the primary tumor being an anaplastic gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Guglielmini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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