Computed tomography-assisted management of a mandibular dentigerous cyst in a dog with a nasal carcinoma

Marsupialisation of 12 odontogenic cysts in Boxer dogs: Retrospective case series

Marsupialisation of odontogenic cysts is a minimally invasive treatment method used in human dentistry. Marsupialisation decompresses the cyst and promotes remodeling of alveolar bone and shrinkage of the cyst. In this retrospective study we look at the effectiveness of marsupialisation at reducing the size of odontogenic cysts in dogs. The case series consists of six Boxer dogs with 12 odontogenic cysts. Each case underwent a high resolution CT scan prior to treatment and at follow-up. Each CT scan was reviewed, the volume of each cyst calculated using manual segmentation and the reduction in cyst volume calculated. There was a marked reduction in cystic volume of 66.6% over a mean of 138 days. This shows that the use of marsupialisation effective method of reducing cyst volume.

The canine furcation cyst, a newly defined odontogenic cyst in dogs: 20 cases (2013-2017)

OBJECTIVE

To characterize clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of canine furcation cysts (CFCs) in dogs and to propose possible mechanisms of CFC development.

ANIMALS

20 client-owned dogs with CFCs biopsied between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017.

PROCEDURES

Medical records of the Center for Comparative Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison were retrospectively searched to identify records of dogs that had surgical biopsy specimens of mandibular or maxillary cavitary lesions diagnosed as odontogenic cysts and that met additional inclusion criteria. Biopsy sample submission records, medical records, clinical and radiographic images, and histologic samples were reviewed. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic features were evaluated.

RESULTS

Mean body weight and age of affected dogs were 23.5 kg (51.7 lb) and 8.2 years, respectively. All 20 dogs had a unilateral cyst, with the right (n = 13) or left (7) maxillary fourth premolar tooth affected and viable in all dogs. A predominant clinical sign was a fluctuant swelling of the buccal gingiva and mucosa overlying the CFC, and enucleation of the cyst lining, with or without extraction of the affected tooth, resolved the lesion in most dogs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Our findings indicated that CFC is an odontogenic cyst of uncertain etiopathogenesis and that complete evaluation of the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of the lesion in affected patients is necessary to distinguish a CFC from other odontogenic cysts and tumors in dogs. Defining CFCs in terms of characteristic features permits accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these previously unclassifiable odontogenic cysts in dogs.

Computed tomographic imaging and surgical treatment of an acquired dentigerous cyst in a Slovakian Chuvach – a case report

Dentigerous cysts occur infrequently in dogs and they should be a primary consideration in young dogs presented with oral swelling in the edentulous area. They are even less common in cats compared to dogs. Classification of lesions in animals is not very different from those described in humans. Dentigerous cysts are most frequently seen affecting the mandibular first premolar area with unerupted mandibular first premolar teeth. This report describes the clinical case of a four-year-old female Slovakian Chuvach that suffered from long-term difficulties associated with epistaxis and swelling of the facial area. Computed tomography revealed a cyst-like structure associated with an intra-nasal canine, prompting the suspected diagnosis of an odontogenic cyst. Histopathological examination of tissues obtained during the subsequent surgical procedure confirmed the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst.

A Clinical, Radiographic and Histological Study of Unerupted Teeth in Dogs and Cats: 73 Cases (2001-2018)

Lack of dental eruption may be accompanied by development of dentigerous cysts and has also been rarely associated with neoplasia. However, little information is available on prevalence of unerupted teeth and associated lesions in dogs and cats. The main objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic data of canine and feline dental patients with unerupted teeth, and assess the prevalence of associated dentigerous cysts and tumors. Secondary aims included the evaluation of possible factors implicated in cystic development, and description of the histological features of dentigerous cysts. Medical and dental records, intraoral photographs, intraoral radiographs of client-owned dogs and cats with clinically missing teeth examined between 2001 and March 2018 were reviewed. Collected data included signalment, reason for presentation, number, type, depth of inclusion and angulation of unerupted teeth, presence of cystic lesions or tumors, abnormalities affecting involved teeth, histopathological findings, performed treatment and outcome. Seventy-three animals (69 dogs and 4 cats) with 113 unerupted teeth were included. The most frequent unerupted tooth in dogs was the first premolar teeth (78%), followed by the canine and third molar teeth. Dentigerous cysts were diagnosed associated with 48 (44.4%) teeth in dogs and one out of five unerupted teeth in cats. The affected teeth in dogs were predominantly in horizontal inclination (40%) and in soft tissue inclusion (77%). Brachycephalic canine breeds were overrepresented. The only unerupted tooth in boxer dogs was the first premolar tooth (32 teeth). Ninety percentage of boxers with unerupted teeth developed associated lesions (25 dentigerous cysts and one tumor). Two ameloblastomas (one in a dog and one in a cat) and one osteosarcoma (in a dog) were diagnosed in association with three unerupted teeth. Histology was essential in diagnosing two odontogenic cysts not evident on radiographs. In all cases that were followed-up, treatment (i.e., extraction, extraction and surgical curettage, or operculectomy) appeared successful. Untreated dentigerous cysts showed progression at re-examination. None of the unerupted teeth without evidence of cyst at the time of diagnosis showed incipient cystic development. None of the evaluated factors were associated with lack of eruption and/or development of associated lesions.

Modified Conservative Treatment of an Extensive Dentigerous Cyst in a Dog

Dentigerous cysts are a common finding in dogs with unerupted teeth. Careful evaluation of the dentition and radiographic examination of any areas of apparently missing teeth is recommended to identify unerupted teeth. Dentigerous cysts may be small and focal, or they may be expansive and destructive. This case report describes an extensive dentigerous cyst that formed secondary to an unerupted tooth. Although the cyst was not completely excised due to its extensive nature, multiple postoperative examinations showed resolution of the cyst and no radiographic or clinical signs of recurrence.

Dacryocystitis following a nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by an ectopic intranasal tooth in a dog

PURPOSE

To describe a nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction secondary to an ectopic tooth in a 5-year-old male Border collie. The dog was presented with a 1-month history of mucopurulent discharge from the left eye (OS) preceded by a lifelong history of epiphora OS. Treatment with neomycin/polymyxin B/dexamethasone ophthalmic solution had not improved the clinical signs, and the NLD was not patent when irrigated by the referring veterinarian.

METHODS

A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed followed by dacryocystorhinography and computed tomography (CT).

RESULTS

The ophthalmologic examination revealed marked mucopurulent discharge, mild conjunctivitis, slightly elevated STT measurements, and a negative Jones test OS. Both nasolacrimal puncta OS could be cannulated without resistance for approximately 1.5 cm. Upon irrigation, copious amounts of mucopurulent discharge were exited through the corresponding punctum, while no fluid could be detected at the nares. Dacryocystorhinography was performed. Radiographs revealed an ectopic left canine tooth within the left nasal cavity. A cystic dilation of the NLD was observed proximal to the ectopic tooth. Computed tomography was performed to determine the exact position of the tooth and possible involvement of adjacent structures; CT confirmed the previous imaging findings. Treatment with systemic antibiotics, NSAIDs, and ofloxacin ophthalmic solution led to resolution of the clinical signs within several days. Surgery was declined by the owner.

CONCLUSION

This is the first case report describing a blocked NLD due to an ectopic tooth in a dog. Ectopic teeth should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of dacryocystitis and chronic epiphora in dogs.

Endodontic therapy of a mandibular canine tooth with irreversible pulpitis secondary to dentigerous cyst

Dentigerous cysts are uncommon, yet are being reported with increasing frequency in the veterinary literature. Dentigerous cysts are a type of benign odontogenic cyst associated with impacted teeth, most commonly the mandibular first premolar tooth. Significant bone destruction can occur secondary to the expansion of a dentigerous cyst. The expanding cyst can lead to pathology of neighboring teeth, which can include external root resorption or pulpitis. Intraoral dental radiographs are imperative to properly assess the presence and extent of a dentigerous cyst, as well as the status of the neighboring teeth. This case report describes treatment for dentigerous cyst including cyst lining curettage, mandibular bone regeneration, and endodontic therapy for a canine tooth with irreversible pulpitis.

Assessment of apical periodontitis in dogs and humans: a review

Veterinary dentists commonly encounter apical periodontitis in dogs. An overview of the disease is presented, concentrating on pathogenesis and mechanisms of healing. Assessment modalities are reviewed and interpretations of treatment success and failure are discussed. The limitations of readily available diagnostic equipment are illustrated. The benefits of identifying the causative agent and resultant pathosis should not be overlooked. Well-designed clinical studies evaluating various methods of long-term follow-up for apical periodontitis in dogs are needed.

Optimized canine dental computed tomographic protocol in medium-sized mesaticepahlic dogs

The purpose of this study was to develop an optimized imaging protocol for canine dental imaging using single-detector row CT and multidetector row CT. Two medium-sized mesaticephalic cadaver dog heads were scanned using varying slice thickness, sequential vs. helical scanning mode, sequential CT table increment, pitch, image reconstruction algorithm, and an additional moderate edge enhancement filter. For each series, two reviewers scored dental roots as not visible (score: 0), partially visible (score: 1) or completely visible (score: 2). Sharpness of the dento-alveolar margin was scored as blurry (score: 0), sharp (score: 1) or very sharp (score: 2). Consensus reader scores were compared among CT protocols. For single-detector row CT, complete visualization of all tooth roots was only achieved with 1 mm slice thickness and image interval sequential or helical series (pitch of 1 or 2) using a high-frequency image reconstruction algorithm with or without additional edge enhancement. For four-detector row CT, complete visibility of all tooth roots was recorded in all series. For single-detector row CT, all medium frequency algorithm series yielded blurry margin scores and all other series yielded sharp margin scores. For four-detector row CT, sequential and helical 0.5 mm thickness images yielded very sharp dento-alveolar margin scores, whereas the 1 mm series yielded only sharp margin scores. Authors concluded that the optimal dental imaging protocol was a sequential mode 1 mm slice thickness and interval with a high-frequency image reconstruction algorithm and an additional moderate edge enhancement filter.

Bilateral dentigerous cysts in a dog

Dentigerous cysts are infrequently seen in veterinary medicine, but the consequences of an undiagnosed dentigerous cyst can be severe. Dentigerous cysts, that can be sub-classified as eruption or follicular, are a type of benign odontogenic cyst. They can cause significant bony and dental destruction associated with expansion if they remain undiagnosed for a period of time. Dentigerous cysts are secondary to embedded or impacted teeth, however not every impacted tooth subsequently forms a dentigerous cyst. Intraoral dental radiographs are necessary to differentiate a missing tooth from an impacted tooth. This case demonstrates the successful surgical management of a dog with bilateral impacted mandibular canine teeth, with secondary dentigerous cyst formation.