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Fischer BM, Kessler M, Braus BK. Eyelid and conjunctival mast cell tumors: A retrospective study of 26 dogs and 8 cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:256-265. [PMID: 37902116 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe clinical and histologic characteristics of eyelid (LMCT) and conjunctival (CMCT) mast cell tumors in dogs and cats presented to a referral clinic in Germany. ANIMAL STUDIED Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs and cats diagnosed with LMCTs or CMCTs between 2006 and 2020. RESULTS LMCT were diagnosed in 31 patients and were cutaneous (n = 28; 20 dogs and 8 cats) or subcutaneous (three dogs). Five cases involved the mucocutaneous junction (four dogs, one cat). CMCTs occurred only in dogs (n = 3). At the time of presentation two of the four canine LMCT cases involving the mucocutaneous junction had metastasized to a mandibular lymph node. When applying the Kiupel system, both these cases were categorized as high grade. 85.7% (18/21) of the canine (19 cutaneous and 2 subcutaneous) LMCT and all CMCT cases were categorized as Kiupel low grade. No local recurrences occurred in all LMCT cases in which clean surgical margins were obtained (n = 18, mean surgical margin width: dogs 9.4 mm, cats 3.8 mm). Two cats (2/4) and four dogs (4/7) with questionable or incomplete surgical margins experienced local recurrences (mean time to recurrence of 180 and 637 days in dogs and cats, respectively). CONCLUSION Recurrence of low-grade LMCTs and CMCTs following excision with clean margins is rare. Tumors involving the mucocutaneous junction may be of higher grade and prone to lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta M Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
| | - Martin Kessler
- Department of Oncology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
| | - Barbara K Braus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
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2
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Zmorzynski S, Kimicka-Szajwaj A, Szajwaj A, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Wojcierowski J. Genetic Changes in Mastocytes and Their Significance in Mast Cell Tumor Prognosis and Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:137. [PMID: 38275618 PMCID: PMC10815783 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are a large group of diseases occurring in dogs, cats, mice, as well as in humans. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease involving the accumulation of mast cells in organs. KIT gene mutations are very often seen in abnormal mast cells. In SM, high KIT/CD117 expression is observed; however, there are usually no KIT gene mutations present. Mastocytoma (MCT)-a form of cutaneous neoplasm-is common in animals but quite rare in humans. KIT/CD117 receptor mutations were studied as the typical changes for human mastocytosis. In 80% of human cases, the KIT gene substitution p.D816H was present. In about 25% of MCTs, metastasis was observed. Changes in the gene expression of certain genes, such as overexpression of the DNAJ3A3 gene, promote metastasis. In contrast, the SNORD93 gene blocks the expression of metastasis genes. The panel of miR-21-5p, miR-379, and miR-885 has a good efficiency in discriminating healthy and MCT-affected dogs, as well as MCT-affected dogs with and without nodal metastasis. Further studies on the pathobiology of mast cells can lead to clinical improvements, such as better MCT diagnosis and treatment. Our paper reviews studies on the topic of mast cells, which have been carried out over the past few years.
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Buzzi G, Gambini M, Recordati C, Grieco V, Stefanello D, Ferrari R, Zamboni C, Manfredi M, Giudice C. Cytological Quantification of Nodal Mast Cells in Dogs Affected by Non-Neoplastic Condition and Mast Cell Tumor Using Different Sample Preparation Techniques: An Explorative Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2634. [PMID: 37627425 PMCID: PMC10451199 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytological evaluation of lymph nodes (LN) in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT) has a key role in MCT staging. However, cytological discrimination between metastatic and reactive LNs is debated and diagnostic criteria inconsistent. The aim of this study was to retrospectively quantify nodal mast cells (MCs) in non-oncological (NOD) and MCT-bearing dogs (MCTBD), using different sample preparation techniques, to evaluate the significance of the MCT number. Cytological specimens from NOD-LNs (10 fine-needle aspirates-FNAs) and MCTBD-LNs (10 FNAs, 10 scrapings, 10 touch imprints) were evaluated. MCTBD-LNs were grouped in: non-metastatic, possibly-metastatic, and metastatic based on current literature criteria. MCs were counted in 4, 8, and 20 high-power-fields, and over 500, 1000, and 2000 total cells. MCs were significantly more numerous in MCTBD-LNs than in NOD-LNs and in "metastatic" samples than in "non-metastatic". There was no significant difference between "metastatic" and "possibly metastatic" samples. Sample preparation techniques did not influence these results. A negative correlation between MCs number and sample cellularity was observed. Results were confirmed regardless of the counting method applied. MCs counting per se cannot distinguish possibly metastatic and metastatic cytological samples. Sample preparation technique and the counting method applied seem to have no influence on cytological quantification of nodal MCs in MCTBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Buzzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, 28060 Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
- I-Vet S.r.l. Diagnostica Veterinaria, 25020 Flero, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Clarissa Zamboni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.B.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (V.G.); (D.S.); (R.F.); (C.Z.); (M.M.)
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Burge R, Woolard KD, Willcox JL, Rebhun RB, Burton JH, Al-Nadaf S, Skorupski KA. High-Grade, Stage 2 Mast Cell Tumors: Outcome in Dogs With Local and Systemic Therapy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2023; 59:167-176. [PMID: 37432790 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) have highly variable clinical behavior, and predicting outcomes in individual dogs remains challenging. Many studies combine dogs with varying tumor grades, clinical stage, or treatments, confounding those results. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine outcome and prognostic factors in a specific subset of dogs with high-grade, stage 2, cutaneous MCTs treated with adequate local control via surgery with or without radiation therapy and adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy. Seventeen dogs met the inclusion criteria, and the median survival time was 259 days. Development of local recurrence, tumor location, and presence of ulceration were all associated with shorter survival times. Tumor size, mitotic count, chemotherapy protocol, lymph node classification, and radiation therapy were not significantly associated with outcome. In this study, a specific population of dogs characterized by high-grade MCTs with local lymph node metastasis who received aggressive local and systemic therapy had a median survival of about 8.5 mo. Dogs with ulcerated tumors, recurrent tumors, or tumors located on the head had a worse outcome despite aggressive therapy. These results may serve as a basis of comparison for future research exploring alternative treatment combinations in this specific population of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Burge
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (R.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin D Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.D.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jennifer L Willcox
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (J.L.W., R.B.R., S.A.-N., K.A.S.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (J.L.W., R.B.R., S.A.-N., K.A.S.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jenna H Burton
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (J.H.B.)
| | - Sami Al-Nadaf
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (J.L.W., R.B.R., S.A.-N., K.A.S.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Katherine A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (J.L.W., R.B.R., S.A.-N., K.A.S.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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Chalfon C, Finotello R, Sabattini S, Gramer I, Morris JS, Aralla M, Morello EM, Ferraris E, Ramos S, Polton G, Schiavo L, Dobson J, Cola V, Marconato L. Patterns of nodal metastases, biological behaviour and prognosis of canine mast cell tumours of the pinna: A multi-institutional retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:332-338. [PMID: 36907653 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (cMCTs) of the pinna have been associated with an aggressive biological behaviour, although data remain scarce. The knowledge acquired over the past years on histologic gradings, and the value of lymph node (LN) staging, may help in better characterizing this anatomical presentation. The first aim was to describe the frequency, location, and histologic appearance of LN metastases in cMCT of the pinna. A second aim was to evaluate prognosis. Medical records of dogs with cMCT of the pinna, that underwent tumour and sentinel (SLN) or regional LN (RLN) excision, were reviewed. The influence of potential prognostic variables on time to progression (TTP) and tumour-specific survival (TSS) was investigated. Thirty-nine dogs were included: 19 (48.7%) had Kiupel high-grade (K-HG) and 20 (51.3%) had low-grade (K-LG) MCTs. Eighteen (46.1%) dogs underwent SLN mapping: the superficial cervical LN was at least one of SLN in 17 (94.4%) cases. Twenty-two (56.4%) dogs had LN metastases; the superficial cervical LN was always involved. On multivariable analysis, only K-HG was associated with increased risk of progression (p = .043) and tumour-related death (p = .021). Median TTP and TSS were 270 and 370 days in K-HG, respectively; these were not reached in dogs with K-LG tumours (p < .01). cMCTs of the pinna are often K-HG and are also associated with a higher frequency of LN metastasis; however, we confirmed the independent prognostic value of histologic grading. A multimodal treatment may lead to favourable long-term outcome. Moreover, the superficial cervical LN is most often the SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Chalfon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Irina Gramer
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Joanna Siriol Morris
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marina Aralla
- Pronto Soccorso Veterinario Laudenese, Oncology Service, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Erica Ferraris
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sofia Ramos
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | - Luca Schiavo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Veronica Cola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Goldschmidt S, Stewart N, Ober C, Bell C, Wolf-Ringwall A, Kent M, Lawrence J. Contrast-enhanced and indirect computed tomography lymphangiography accurately identifies the cervical lymphocenter at risk for metastasis in pet dogs with spontaneously occurring oral neoplasia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282500. [PMID: 36862650 PMCID: PMC9980747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For dogs with oral tumors, cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis alters treatment and prognosis. It is therefore prudent to make an accurate determination of the clinical presence (cN+ neck) or absence (cN0 neck) of metastasis prior to treatment. Currently, surgical LN extirpation with histopathology is the gold standard for a diagnosis of metastasis. Yet, recommendations to perform elective neck dissection (END) for staging are rare due to morbidity. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with indirect computed tomography lymphangiography (ICTL) followed by targeted biopsy (SLNB) is an alternative option to END. In this prospective study, SLN mapping followed by bilateral END of all mandibular LNs (MLNs) and medial retropharyngeal LNs (MRLNs) was performed in 39 dogs with spontaneously occurring oral neoplasia. A SLN was identified by ICTL in 38 (97%) dogs. Lymphatic drainage patterns were variable although most often the SLN was identified as a single ipsilateral MLN. In the 13 dogs (33%) with histopathologically confirmed LN metastasis, ICTL correctly identified the draining lymphocentrum in all (100%). Metastasis was confined to the SLN in 11 dogs (85%); 2 dogs (15%) had metastasis beyond the SLN ipsilaterally. Contrast enhanced CT features had good accuracy in predicting metastasis, with short axis measurements less than 10.5 mm most predictive. ICTL imaging features alone were unable to predict metastasis. Cytologic or histopathologic SLN sampling is recommended prior to treatment to inform clinical decision-making. This is the largest study to show potential clinical utility of minimally invasive ICTL for cervical LN evaluation in canine oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Goldschmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Christopher Ober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Bell
- Specialty Oral pathology for Animals, Geneseo, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amber Wolf-Ringwall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiologic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Blume GR, Eloi RS, Oliveira LB, Sonne L, Rezende LP, Sant’Ana FJ. Lesions of the oral cavity of dogs: 720 cases. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Seven hundred twenty cases of oral cavity lesions in dogs were diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Four hundred thirty-two (60%) lesions were neoplastic, and 288 (40%) were non-neoplastic. Of the neoplasms, 229 (53%) were considered malignant and 203 (47%) benign, affecting mainly males, of 43 different breeds, with an average age of 9.4 years, mainly the gum and lip. Melanoma was the most (96/432, 22.2%) commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (68/432, 15.7%), papilloma (63/432, 14.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56/432, 12.9%). Non-neoplastic lesions also affected males predominantly, from 41 different breeds, with an average age of 8.9 years, mainly in the gums, lip, and tongue. These lesions were diagnosed as inflammatory (230/288, 79.8%), hyperplastic (47/288, 16.3%) and other lesions (11/288, 3.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo S.A. Eloi
- Laboratório HistoPato Análise Anatomopatológica Veterinária, Brazil
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Larsen E, Watson AM, Muñoz Gutiérrez JF. Intranasal mast cell tumors: Clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular features in 20 dogs. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:915-921. [PMID: 35787192 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are an uncommon primary neoplasm of the nasal cavity in dogs for which there is a paucity of existing literature regarding their clinical behavior and molecular features. The objectives of this retrospective study were to examine the clinical findings, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, and c-KIT mutation status of primary intranasal MCTs in dogs and identify potential prognostic factors. Canine biopsies submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Colorado between 2010 and 2019 with intranasal neoplasms diagnosed as MCTs and no history of cutaneous or oral MCT were considered. Immunohistochemistry for CD117 and Ki67 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for internal tandem duplications at exons 8 and 11 of the c-KIT gene were performed. Twenty out of 1849 (1%) primary intranasal neoplasms were MCTs. Metastases were reported in 11/20 cases (55%), with the mandibular lymph node representing the most common site. One case had distant metastases to abdominal viscera. Of the cases with available outcome data, 6/14 (43%) died or were euthanized from MCT-related disease within 1 year of the onset of clinical signs. Only one case had a c-KIT mutation at exon 11. In our study, intranasal MCTs were prone to metastasize and had a generally poor prognosis, resembling the behavior of MCTs arising in other mucosal locations. While dogs with metastatic disease and survival times of <1 year tended to have atypical KIT localization, moderate to high Ki67 indices, and mitotic counts ≥8, definitive prognosticators could not be identified due to the limited number of cases with favorable clinical outcomes.
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Evaluation of Tumor Grade and Proliferation Indices before and after Short-Course Anti-Inflammatory Prednisone Therapy in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060277. [PMID: 35737330 PMCID: PMC9227510 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid administration is a common clinical practice that attempts to decrease the inflammation associated with and improve the resectability of canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). However, the impact of neoadjuvant glucocorticoids on the histological features and proliferation indices of canine MCTs is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in tumor grade, mitotic count, Ki67, AgNOR, and AgNORxKi67 scores following short-course anti-inflammatory neoadjuvant prednisone in canine patients with MCTs. This was a prospective single-arm pilot study. Client-owned dogs with treatment-naïve cytologically confirmed MCTs were enrolled. Patients underwent an initial incisional biopsy followed by a 10–14-day course of anti-inflammatory prednisone and surgical resection. All histological samples were randomized, masked, and evaluated by a single pathologist. Unstained paired pre- and post-treatment samples were submitted to a commercial laboratory for Ki67 and AgNOR immunohistochemical analysis. There were 11 dogs enrolled with 11 tumors. There were no statistical differences between the pre- and post-treatment histological parameters of mitotic index, Ki67, AgNOR, or Ki67xAgNOR. There were no clinically significant alterations between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the assignment of tumor grades. A short course of anti-inflammatory prednisone does not appear to alter the histological parameters that affect grade determination or significantly alter the proliferation indices in canine MCTs.
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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11
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KANEI T, IWATA M, KAMISHINA H, MIZUNO T, MAEDA S. Expression and functional analysis of chemokine receptor 7 in canine lymphoma cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:25-30. [PMID: 34866095 PMCID: PMC8810311 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) contributes to cell homing to lymph nodes (LNs). Recent studies reported that CCR7 is also expressed in tumor cells, which correlates with LN metastasis in various cancers. However, the expression of CCR7 in tumor cells is unknown in dogs due to the lack of appropriate antibodies. In the present study, a fusion protein of C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) was employed as an alternative method to CCR7 antibodies. The fusion CCL19 protein specifically detected CCR7 expressed in canine lymphoma cell lines, which showed active chemotaxis to both canine and mouse ligands. The present study will help further research on the involvement of canine CCR7 in LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka KANEI
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Munetaka IWATA
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki KAMISHINA
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takuya MIZUNO
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi MAEDA
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Mickelson MA. Updated Concepts in Oncologic Surgery: Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma and Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:549-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Willmann M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Marconato L, Dacasto M, Hadzijusufovic E, Hermine O, Sadovnik I, Gamperl S, Schneeweiss-Gleixner M, Gleixner KV, Böhm T, Peter B, Eisenwort G, Moriggl R, Li Z, Jawhar M, Sotlar K, Jensen-Jarolim E, Sexl V, Horny HP, Galli SJ, Arock M, Vail DM, Kiupel M, Valent P. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:755258. [PMID: 34957277 PMCID: PMC8702826 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.755258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasms are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The clinical picture, course, and prognosis vary substantially among patients, depending on the anatomic site, grade and stage of the disease. The most frequently involved organ is the skin, followed by hematopoietic organs (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow) and mucosal sites of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. In cutaneous mast cell tumors, several grading and staging systems have been introduced. However, no comprehensive classification and no widely accepted diagnostic criteria have been proposed to date. To address these open issues and points we organized a Working Conference on canine mast cell neoplasms in Vienna in 2019. The outcomes of this meeting are summarized in this article. The proposed classification includes cutaneous mast cell tumors and their sub-variants defined by grading- and staging results, mucosal mast cell tumors, extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL). For each of these entities, diagnostic criteria are proposed. Moreover, we have refined grading and staging criteria for mast cell neoplasms in dogs based on consensus discussion. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should greatly facilitate diagnostic evaluation and prognostication in dogs with mast cell neoplasms and should thereby support management of these patients in daily practice and the conduct of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willmann
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Michael Willmann
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Imagine Institute Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, CEREMAST, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Schneeweiss-Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V. Gleixner
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Böhm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David M. Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Bellamy E, Berlato D. Canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours: a review. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:497-511. [PMID: 34671978 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours are common neoplasms in the dog. While the majority can be treated with adequate local therapy alone, a subset demonstrates a biologically aggressive behaviour associated with local recurrence or metastasis. This article reviews the diagnosis and tumour staging of canine mast cell tumours alongside treatment options and the evidence supporting their use. In addition, prognostic markers are evaluated to highlight how one can recognise mast cell tumours that may behave in a biologically aggressive manner as well as the challenges of tumours that are large, infiltrative or in locations not amenable to wide surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bellamy
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - D Berlato
- AniCura AOI Center AG, Hünenberg, 6331, Switzerland
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15
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Fejös C, Troedson K, Ignatenko N, Zablotski Y, Hirschberger J. Extensive staging has no prognostic value in dogs with low-risk mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:265-275. [PMID: 34564910 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In canine mast cell tumours (MCTs), distant metastasis (DM) occurs infrequently. However, high-risk MCTs or tumours with certain negative prognostic factors (NPFs) are those more prone to develop metastatic disease. Accordingly, a thorough workup might not be necessary for MCTs lacking NPFs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of DM and, therefore, the benefit of extensive staging in dogs presenting with and without NPFs. Furthermore, the association between the selected NPFs and DM was assessed, and factors that may have influenced outcome were evaluated. Dogs presenting with at least one NPF (Patnaik III/Kiupel high-grade, LN metastasis, rapid growth, ulceration, recurrence, high-risk location) were defined as high-risk and without as low-risk MCTs. Ninety-nine dogs were included, with 49% of MCTs in the high-risk and 51% in the low-risk group. All seven dogs with DM were identified in the high-risk group; 43% were Patnaik III/Kiupel high-grade tumours. The median survival time (MST) for this subgroup was 84 days. Patnaik III/Kiupel high-grade and rapid growth were NPFs significantly associated with DM at staging. Furthermore, a significant difference (p < .001) in MST was demonstrated between the high-risk and low-risk groups (899 days vs. not reached). NPFs significantly associated with outcome were rapid growth, presence of DM at staging, and surgical tumour excision. These results indicate that extensive staging in the absence of NPFs does not seem to be beneficial. On the other hand, by using the selected NPFs, a subset of MCTs prone to DM can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Fejös
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Troedson
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nataliia Ignatenko
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirschberger
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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16
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Niemiec B, Gawor J, Nemec A, Clarke D, McLeod K, Tutt C, Gioso M, Steagall PV, Chandler M, Morgenegg G, Jouppi R. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:E36-E161. [PMID: 32715504 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental, oral, and maxillofacial diseases are some of the most common problems in small animal veterinary practice. These conditions create significant pain as well as localized and potentially systemic infection. As such, the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) believes that un- and under treated oral and dental diseases pose a significant animal welfare concern. Dentistry is an area of veterinary medicine which is still widely ignored and is subject to many myths and misconceptions. Effective teaching of veterinary dentistry in the veterinary school is the key to progression in this field of veterinary medicine, and to the improvement of welfare for all our patients globally. These guidelines were developed to provide veterinarians with the information required to understand best practices for dental therapy and create realistic minimum standards of care. Using the three-tiered continuing education system of WSAVA, the guidelines make global equipment and therapeutic recommendations and highlight the anaesthetic and welfare requirements for small animal patients. This document contains information on common oral and dental pathologies, diagnostic procedures (an easily implementable and repeatable scoring system for dental health, dental radiography and radiology) and treatments (periodontal therapy, extractions). Further, there are sections on anaesthesia and pain management for dental procedures, home dental care, nutritional information, and recommendations on the role of the universities in improving veterinary dentistry. A discussion of the deleterious effects of anaesthesia free dentistry (AFD) is included, as this procedure is ineffective at best and damaging at worst. Throughout the document the negative effects of undiagnosed and/or treated dental disease on the health and well-being of our patients, and how this equates to an animal welfare issue, is discussed.
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17
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Oliveira MT, Campos M, Lamego L, Magalhães D, Menezes R, Oliveira R, Patanita F, Ferreira DA. Canine and Feline Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor: A Comprehensive Review of Treatments and Outcomes. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 41:100472. [PMID: 32891740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) or mastocytoma is one of the most frequent malignant cutaneous tumors in the dog, and the second most frequent in the cat. Several mast cell tumor therapeutic approaches have been proposed in the past years for dogs and cats, resulting in very distinct outcomes. The current comprehensive literature review presents a critical approach to the scientific information published about the MCTs treatments and the subsequent prognosis and survival times, in dogs and in cats diagnosed with MCTs. A systematic review of the literature following the Cochrane principles and methodology was performed. The authors resorted to MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases to select the 133 publications with evidence-based treatments for MCTs in companion animals. Results of the review suggest that the recommended treatment, prognosis and survival times for dogs and cats with MCTs depends at all times on the clinical staging, histological grade and location of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Oliveira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Marco Campos
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Luís Lamego
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Diogo Magalhães
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Menezes
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Renato Oliveira
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Francisco Patanita
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - David A Ferreira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
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18
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Congiusta M, Lawrence J, Rendahl A, Goldschmidt S. Variability in Recommendations for Cervical Lymph Node Pathology for Staging of Canine Oral Neoplasia: A Survey Study. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:506. [PMID: 32903520 PMCID: PMC7438545 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no clear guideline regarding the indication for routine lymph node extirpation and pathologic evaluation during staging of canine oral tumors, despite a relatively high reported nodal metastatic rate for select tumor types. It is particularly unclear if clinicians recommend removal of lymph nodes only when there is confirmation of metastasis, defined as the N+ neck, or if elective neck dissection (END) is routinely recommended to confirm the true pathologic metastatic status of lymph nodes in the clinical N0 neck (no evidence of metastasis on clinical staging with diagnostic imaging or cytology). When clinicians are recommending END as a staging tool to confirm nodal status, there is also ambiguity regarding the surgical extent for subsequent histopathologic evaluation. The objective of this cross-sectional survey study was to determine the current recommendations given by practicing specialists regarding lymph node removal for dogs with oral tumors. Overall, 87 responses were obtained from 49 private practices (56%) and 38 academic institutions (44%). Respondents identified as oncologists (44%, N = 38), soft tissue surgeons (40%, N = 35), and dentists (16%, N = 14). Regardless of tumor type and stage, extirpation and histopathology were most commonly recommended in the clinical N+ neck only. The recommendation to routinely perform END in the N0 neck was significantly associated with tumor type. Bilateral removal of the mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes was recommended more often for oral malignant melanoma (OMM) than for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC; p ≤ 0.0039) or for oral fibrosarcoma (OFSA; p ≤ 0.0007). The likelihood of recommending END increased with increasing tumor size. Academic clinicians were significantly (p < 0.01) more likely to recommend END compared to private practitioners for canine T1-T3 OMM, T3 OSCC, T2 OFSA, and MCT. This study highlights the variability in recommendations for lymph node pathology for dogs with oral tumors. While tumor type and size influenced the decision to pursue END, it was not routinely recommended, even for tumor types with a known propensity for metastasis. Prospective studies are warranted to determine the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of END in the N0 neck in veterinary patients such that a consensus approach can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Congiusta
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Stephanie Goldschmidt
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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19
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Grimes JA, Secrest SA, Wallace ML, Laver T, Schmiedt CW. Use of indirect computed tomography lymphangiography to determine metastatic status of sentinel lymph nodes in dogs with a pre-operative diagnosis of melanoma or mast cell tumour. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:818-824. [PMID: 32216019 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Canine melanomas and mast cell tumours (MCTs) frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, worsening prognosis compared with dogs without metastasis. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) evaluation is more specific than evaluation of the lymph node closest to the tumour, which may not be the draining lymph node. Computed tomography lymphangiography (CTL) allows for SLN identification and one study of canine mammary tumours found that CTL was able to assist in determination of the metastatic status of inguinal SLNs prior to extirpation and histopathology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate CTL for use in determining metastasis to the SLN in dogs with a pre-operative diagnosis of melanoma or MCT in various locations by correlating CTL findings with histopathology. The hypothesis was that CTL would not be able to determine the metastatic status of lymph nodes, based on author experience. Dogs were prospectively enrolled and underwent CTL and subsequent SLN extirpation. Histopathology results for the primary tumour, SLN, and additional extirpated lymph nodes were recorded. Fifteen dogs were enrolled and 21 SLN were evaluated. The SLN enhancement pattern (heterogeneous, homogenous or peripheral) was not associated with metastasis, nor was the attenuation value at 1 minute, 5 minutes, or the change in attenuation value. No correlation was found between CTL findings and metastatic status of SLNs. Based on these results, CTL alone cannot be used to diagnose SLN metastasis. Extirpation of the SLN with histopathology is recommended to diagnose lymph node metastasis in dogs with melanoma and MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott A Secrest
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mandy L Wallace
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Travis Laver
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
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20
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Bae S, Milovancev M, Bartels C, Irvin VL, Tuohy JL, Townsend KL, Leeper H. Histologically low-grade, yet biologically high-grade, canine cutaneous mast cell tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:580-589. [PMID: 32103587 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (cMCT) with metastasis at the time of treatment is uncommonly reported, with few studies focusing on this specific clinical entity. The specific objective of this study was to systematically review the veterinary literature and perform a meta-analysis summarizing the clinical presentation, treatments reported and clinical outcomes from dogs with histologically low-grade cMCT and metastasis present at initial treatment. A total of 980 studies were screened with eight publications providing data on 121 dogs ultimately included. The most common treatments were surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy in 83/121 (69%) dogs; combined surgery, radiation and chemotherapy in 17/121 (14%) dogs; chemotherapy alone in 12/121 (10%) dogs and surgery alone in 7/121 (6%) dogs. Dogs with distant metastasis (n = 22) experienced significantly shorter survival compared with those with regional lymph node (RLN) metastasis (n = 99; median 194 vs 637 days; P < .01). Two variables were significantly associated with increased risk of death: presence of distant (vs RLN) metastasis (hazard ratio = 2.60; P < .01) and not receiving surgery as a component of treatment (hazard ratio = 3.79; P < .01). Risk of bias was judged to be low in terms of selection and performance bias but high in terms of detection and exclusion bias. In conclusion, dogs with cMCT and RLN metastasis can be expected to live significantly longer than those with distant metastasis, and surgery appears to have a role in extending survival of metastatic low-grade cMCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Bae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Milan Milovancev
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Courtney Bartels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Veronica L Irvin
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Joanne L Tuohy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Katy L Townsend
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Haley Leeper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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21
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Pecceu E, Serra Varela JC, Handel I, Piccinelli C, Milne E, Lawrence J. Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high-risk mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:389-401. [PMID: 31863546 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting evidence exists regarding the importance of routine abdominal ultrasound (US) with hepatic and splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology during staging of canine mast cell tumours (MCT). The objective of this study was to correlate ultrasonographic and cytologic findings in dogs with strictly defined high-risk MCTs and to determine the influence on outcome. Our hypothesis was that US poorly predicts visceral metastasis in high-risk MCTs and that early metastasis is associated with improved outcome when compared to overt metastasis. US of liver and spleen correlated to cytologic results, categorized as no metastasis, early metastasis or overt metastasis. Of 82 dogs prospectively enrolled, 18% had early visceral metastasis and 7% had overt metastasis on cytology; 67% with visceral metastasis had regional LN metastasis. US was a poor predictor of metastasis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the spleen of 67%, 68%, 21% and 94%, respectively and for the liver of 29%, 93%, 56% and 82%, respectively. Median time to progression (TTP) for dogs with no metastasis, early metastasis and overt metastasis was not reached, 305 and 69 days, respectively (P < .001). Median survival time (MST) for the 3 groups were not reached, 322 and 81 days, respectively (P < .001). High Patnaik or Kiupel grade, early metastasis, overt metastasis and adequate local control were significantly associated with outcome. Early visceral metastasis was associated with poorer outcome compared to dogs without metastasis, however, a subset of dogs experienced long-term control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Pecceu
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Serra Varela
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Chiara Piccinelli
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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22
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Ferrari R. Response to Letter to the Editor. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:209-210. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
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23
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Reynolds BD, Thomson MJ, O'Connell K, Morgan EJ, Gummow B. Patient and tumour factors influencing canine mast cell tumour histological grade and mitotic index. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:338-344. [PMID: 30891882 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify patient and tumour factors most frequently associated with high histological grades of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). Search criteria in a shared database of multiple Animal Referral Hospital locations within Australia generated 400 canine MCTs in 286 patients. Patient and tumour data were extrapolated and the association between a tumour being histologically high grade and patient and tumour factors, including: patient breed, patient gender and neuter status, patient age at MCT excision, tumour location and tumour size was assessed using univariate analysis. The study consisted of 90 (21.9%) tumours meeting histological high-grade criteria. Shar peis were the most likely breed to have high grade MCTs, whereas the Pug and the Golden Retriever were the least likely breeds to develop high-grade MCTs. No significant difference in risks could be established between the age at which the tumour was excised, or the gender and neuter status of patients. MCTs of the inguinal region were the most likely single location to be high grade. Tumour size did not influence the likelihood of a tumour being high grade or low grade. The results of this study suggest that patient and tumour factors may play a role in the histological grades of canine MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Reynolds
- Department of Oncology, Animal Referral Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maurine J Thomson
- Department of Oncology, Animal Referral Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathleen O'Connell
- Department of Oncology, Animal Referral Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Morgan
- Department of Oncology, Animal Referral Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce Gummow
- Discipline of Veterinary Sciences, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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24
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Schulman FY. The prognostic significance of microscopic lymph node metastasis of Patnaik grade I and II/Kiupel low‐grade MCTs has not been demonstrated. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:208. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Shekell CC, Thomson MJ, Miller RI, Mackie JT. Primary tonsillar mast cell tumour in a dog. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:184-187. [PMID: 29691857 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CASE REPORT A 6-year-old speyed female Bull Arab-cross dog was found to have a small tonsillar nodule. Histological examination revealed a well-differentiated mast cell tumour (MCT). At initial staging, no evidence of concurrent cutaneous or visceral MCTs was found on a complete blood count, a single lateral thoracic radiograph, abdominal ultrasound or cytology of the spleen and regional lymph nodes. A diagnosis of primary tonsillar MCT was made. At 40 months postoperatively, the dog is alive with no evidence of gross tumour progression, in contrast to some previous reports of rapid disease progression and metastasis in dogs with primary oral MCTs. CONCLUSION To the authors' knowledge, no previous reports of a primary MCT of the tonsil in dogs exist in the veterinary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Shekell
- Animal Referral Hospital, 532 Seventeen Mile Rocks Road, Sinnamon Park, Queensland 4073, Australia
| | - M J Thomson
- Animal Referral Hospital, 532 Seventeen Mile Rocks Road, Sinnamon Park, Queensland 4073, Australia
| | - R I Miller
- IDEXX Reference Laboratories, East Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J T Mackie
- QML Vetnostics, Murrarie, QLD, Australia
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26
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Ferrari R, Marconato L, Buracco P, Boracchi P, Giudice C, Iussich S, Grieco V, Chiti LE, Favretto E, Stefanello D. The impact of extirpation of non-palpable/normal-sized regional lymph nodes on staging of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours: A multicentric retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:505-510. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - L. Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario; Sasso Marconi Italy
| | - P. Buracco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie; Università degli Studi di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - P. Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - C. Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - S. Iussich
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie; Università degli Studi di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - V. Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - L. E. Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - E. Favretto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie; Università degli Studi di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - D. Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
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27
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Olsen JA, Thomson M, O'Connell K, Wyatt K. Combination vinblastine, prednisolone and toceranib phosphate for treatment of grade II and III mast cell tumours in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:237-251. [PMID: 29797551 PMCID: PMC6090407 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluates the progression-free interval and survival outcomes of 40 canine (Canis familiaris) patients with Patnaik grade II and III mast cell tumours treated with combination vinblastine, prednisolone and toceranib phosphate from 2011 to 2015. Patients were subdivided into three groups; patients who received neoadjuvant therapy for poorly operable lesions, patients who received adjuvant therapy following surgical resection and patients being palliated for gross metastatic disease. Median survival time (MST) for the neoadjuvant group was not reached. Median survival time for the remaining groups was 893 days and 218 days, respectively. This combination demonstrated response in 90% (26/29) patients with measurable disease. The predominant side effects related to this chemotherapy combination were gastrointestinal in origin. Further prospective studies are required to further validate the efficacy of this treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Olsen
- Perth Veterinary SpecialistsOsborne ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | - Ken Wyatt
- Perth Veterinary SpecialistsOsborne ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
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28
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Horta RS, Lavalle GE, Monteiro LN, Souza MCC, Cassali GD, Araújo RB. Assessment of Canine Mast Cell Tumor Mortality Risk Based on Clinical, Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:212-223. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985817747325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is a frequent cutaneous neoplasm in dogs that is heterogeneous in clinical presentation and biological behavior, with a variable potential for recurrence and metastasis. Accurate prediction of clinical outcomes has been challenging. The study objective was to develop a system for classification of canine MCT according to the mortality risk based on individual assessment of clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. The study included 149 dogs with a histologic diagnosis of cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT. By univariate analysis, MCT metastasis and related death was significantly associated with clinical stage ( P < .0001, rP = –0.610), history of tumor recurrence ( P < .0001, rP = –0.550), Patnaik ( P < .0001, rP = –0.380) and Kiupel grades ( P < .0001, rP = –0.500), predominant organization of neoplastic cells ( P < .0001, rP = –0.452), mitotic count ( P < .0001, rP = –0.325), Ki-67 labeling index ( P < .0001, rP = –0.414), KITr pattern ( P = .02, rP = 0.207), and c-KIT mutational status ( P < .0001, rP = –0.356). By multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazard model, only 2 features were independent predictors of overall survival: an amendment of the World Health Organization clinical staging system (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.824 [1.210-4.481]; P = .01) and a history of tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 9.250 [2.158-23.268]; P < .001]. From these results, we propose an amendment of the WHO staging system, a method of risk analysis, and a suggested approach to clinical and laboratory evaluation of dogs with cutaneous MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gleidice E. Lavalle
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lidianne N. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Geovanni D. Cassali
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto B. Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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29
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Case A, Burgess K. Safety and efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone administration for treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs: 23 cases (2005–2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:84-91. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Skinner OT, Boston SE, Souza CHDM. Patterns of lymph node metastasis identified following bilateral mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy in 31 dogs with malignancies of the head. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:881-889. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen T. Skinner
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Sarah E. Boston
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
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31
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Warland J, Brioschi V, Owen L, Dobson J. Canine mast cell tumours: decision‐making and treatment. IN PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.h3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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32
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Garrett LD. Canine mast cell tumors: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2014; 5:49-58. [PMID: 32670846 PMCID: PMC7337164 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s41005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common malignant skin cancer in dogs, and significant variability exists in their biological behavior. Most MCTs are cured with appropriate local therapy, but a subset shows malignant behavior with the potential to spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and other areas and to thus become a systemic cancer. Because of this variable behavior, it is difficult to predict how any individual tumor is going to behave. The variability thus creates uncertainty in deciding what a particular dog’s prognosis is, whether staging tests to assess for metastasis are needed, and even what treatments will be necessary for best outcome. In addition to controversies over the potential for development of systemic disease, or diffuse metastasis, controversies also exist over what treatment is needed to best attain local control of these tumors. This article will briefly discuss the diagnosis of MCTs in dogs and will summarize the literature in regards to the controversial topics surrounding the more aggressive form of this disease, with recommendations made based on published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Garrett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
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33
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Schwab TM, Popovitch C, DeBiasio J, Goldschmidt M. Clinical Outcome for MCTs of Canine Pinnae Treated with Surgical Excision (2004–2008). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:187-91. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common cutaneous neoplasm in the dog. It has been suggested that MCT in certain locations may behave in a more biologically aggressive fashion than MCTs located in others; however, no published data are available for MCTs of canine pinnae treated with surgical excision. A retrospective study of 28 animals with surgical excision of MCTs of pinnae was completed with a medical record review and follow-up questionnaire to the operating veterinarian. The effect of tumor grade, clean or dirty excision, cartilage penetration, and mitotic index (MI) on local recurrence and survival time (ST) was evaluated. There was local recurrence in one dog with a grade 2 MCT and in seven of eight dogs with grade 3 MCTs. The median ST of animals with grade 1 and 2 MCTs was not reached, whereas the median ST of animals with grade 3 MCTs was 10 mo. There was no statistical association between histologically clean and dirty margins and either local recurrence or ST. A prolonged disease free interval without local recurrence may be achieved with local excision of grade 1 and 2 MCTs. Animals with grade 3 MCTs had a uniformly poor outcome with short times to local recurrence and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Schwab
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - Catherine Popovitch
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - John DeBiasio
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - Michael Goldschmidt
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
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34
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Baginski H, Davis G, Bastian RP. The Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Metastasis with Grade 2 MCTs in Dogs: 55 Cases (2001–2010). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:89-95. [PMID: 24446400 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates a series of dogs diagnosed with grade 2 cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) with concurrent lymph node (LN) metastasis. All dogs had surgical excision of the primary tumor. The presence of metastasis was confirmed with either histopathology (n = 35) or cytology (n = 20). There was no significant difference in survival times (STs) between dogs with and without LN metastasis. Median survival time (MST) was not reached at 65.9 mo. LN palpation was a poor predictor of metastasis (sensitivity, .71; specificity, .54). Tumor location was the only prognostic factor for survival in this series of dogs. ST was greater for dogs that had removal of their metastatic LN. This study suggests that in dogs with grade 2 MCTs, outcome may not be affected by the presence of LN metastasis; however, removal of the metastatic LN may prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Baginski
- Surgery Department, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (H.B., G.D.); and Department of Mathematics, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ (R.B.)
| | - Garrett Davis
- Surgery Department, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (H.B., G.D.); and Department of Mathematics, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ (R.B.)
| | - Richard P. Bastian
- Surgery Department, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (H.B., G.D.); and Department of Mathematics, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ (R.B.)
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35
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Elliott JW, Cripps P, Blackwood L, Berlato D, Murphy S, Grant IA. Canine oral mucosal mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 14:101-11. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Elliott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science; Liverpool University; Liverpool UK
| | - P. Cripps
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science; Liverpool University; Liverpool UK
| | - L. Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; Liverpool University; Liverpool UK
| | - D. Berlato
- Oncology Unit; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket UK
| | - S. Murphy
- CSAS; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket UK
| | - I. A. Grant
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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36
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Pabilonia KL, Podell BK, Powers BE. Pathology in practice. Mast cell tumor (MCT) of the oral mucosa with submandibular lymph node metastasis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:795-7. [PMID: 24004225 DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.6.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Pabilonia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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37
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Lejeune A, Skorupski K, Frazier S, Vanhaezebrouck I, Rebhun RB, Reilly CM, Rodriguez CO. Aggressive local therapy combined with systemic chemotherapy provides long-term control in grade II stage 2 canine mast cell tumour: 21 cases (1999-2012). Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:267-80. [PMID: 23721492 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective case series evaluates the outcome of 21 dogs with grade II stage 2 mast cell tumour (MCT) treated with adequate local therapy and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (prednisone, vinblastine and CCNU). The median survival for all dogs was 1359 days (range, 188-2340). Median disease-free interval was 2120 days (149-2325 days). Dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy had shorter survival (median, 1103 days; 188-2010 days) than those that underwent surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy as part of their treatment (median, 2056 days; 300-2340 days). Two patients had local recurrence in the radiation field and four patients had de novo MCT. Distant metastasis was not observed in any dogs. The results of this study suggest that, in the presence of loco-regional lymph node metastasis in grade II MCT, the use of prednisone, vinblastine and CCNU after adequate local-regional therapy can provide a median survival in excess of 40 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lejeune
- Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Skorupski
- Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - S Frazier
- Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - I Vanhaezebrouck
- Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R B Rebhun
- Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C M Reilly
- Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C O Rodriguez
- Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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38
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Warland J, Amores-Fuster I, Newbury W, Brearley M, Dobson J. The utility of staging in canine mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:287-98. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Warland
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - I. Amores-Fuster
- School of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | | | - M. Brearley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - J. Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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39
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O'Connell K, Thomson M. Evaluation of prognostic indicators in dogs with multiple, simultaneously occurring cutaneous mast cell tumours: 63 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 11:51-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Nelson PD. The importance of diversity in veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 237:1365. [PMID: 21155673 DOI: 10.2460/javma.237.12.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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