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Li CX, Meng Y, Yan Y, Kempf D, Howell L, Tong F, Zhang X. Investigation of white matter and grey matter alteration in the monkey brain following ischemic stroke by using diffusion tensor imaging. INVESTIGATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 2022; 26:275-283. [PMID: 36698483 PMCID: PMC9873195 DOI: 10.13104/imri.2022.26.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Investigation of stroke lesion has mostly focused on grey matter (GM) in previous studies and white matter (WM) degeneration during acute stroke is understudied. In the present study, monkeys were utilized to investigate the alterations of GM and WM in the brain following ischemic occlusion using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) was induced in rhesus monkeys (n=6) with an interventional approach. Serial DTI was conducted on a clinical 3T in the hyperacute phase (2-6 hours), 48, and 96 hours post occlusion. Regions of interest in GM and WM of lesion areas were selected for data analysis. Results Mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial Diffusivity (AD) in WM decreased substantially during hyperacute stroke, as similar as those seen in GM. No obvious fractional anasotropy (FA) changes were seen in GM and WM during hyper acute phase. until 48 hours post stroke when significant fiber losses were oberved also. Pseudo-normalization of MD, AD, and RD was seen at 96 hours. Pathological changes of WM and GM were observed in ischemic areas at 8, 48, and 96 hours post stroke. Relative changes of MD, AD and RD of WM were correlated negatively with infarction volumes at 6 hours post stroke. Conclusion The present study revealed the microstructural changes in gray matter and white matter of monkey brains during acute stroke by using DTI. The preliminary results suggest axial and radial diffusivity (AD and RD) may be sensitive surrogate markers to assess specific microstructural changes in white matter during hyper-acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Li
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Yuguang Meng
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Yumei Yan
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Doty Kempf
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Leonard Howell
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Frank Tong
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
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Meng Y, Li CX, Zhang X. Improving delineation of the corticospinal tract in the monkey brain scanned with conventional DTI by using a compressed sensing based algorithm. INVESTIGATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 2022; 26:265-274. [PMID: 36698482 PMCID: PMC9873154 DOI: 10.13104/imri.2022.26.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The corticospinal tract (CST) is a major tract for motor function. It can be impaired by stroke. Its degeneration is associated with stroke outcome. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography plays an important role in assessing fiber bundle integrity. However, it is limited in detecting crossing fibers in the brain. The crossing fiber angular resolution of intra-voxel structure (CFARI) algorithm shows potential to resolve complex fibers in the brain. The objective of the present study was to improve delineation of CST pathways in monkey brains scanned by conventional DTI. Methods Healthy rhesus monkeys were scanned by diffusion MRI with 128 diffusion encoding directions to evaluate the CFARI algorithm. Four monkeys with ischemic occlusion were also scanned with DTI (b = 1000 s/mm2, 30 diffusion directions) at 6, 48, and 96 hours post stroke. CST fibers were reconstructed with DTI and CFARI-based tractography and evaluated. A two-way repeated MANOVA was used to determine significances of changes in DTI indices, tract number, and volumes of the CST between hemispheres or post-stroke time points. Results CFARI algorithm revealed substantially more fibers originated from the ventral premotor cortex in healthy and stroke monkey brains than DTI tractography. In addition, CFARI showed better sensitivity in detecting CST abnormality than DTI tractography following stroke. Conclusion CFARI significantly improved delineation of the CST in the brain scanned by DTI with 30 gradient directions. It showed better sensitivity in detecting abnormity of the CST following stroke. Preliminary results suggest that CFARI could facilitate prediction of function outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Meng
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329,Division of Neurological Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329,Correspondence to: Dr. Xiaodong Zhang, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA, Telephone: 1-404-712-9874, Fax: 1-404-712-9917,
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Chiu FY, Kuo DP, Chen YC, Kao YC, Chung HW, Chen CY. Diffusion Tensor-Derived Properties of Benign Oligemia, True "at Risk" Penumbra, and Infarct Core during the First Three Hours of Stroke Onset: A Rat Model. Korean J Radiol 2018; 19:1161-1171. [PMID: 30386147 PMCID: PMC6201972 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.6.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion tensor (DT) imaging-derived properties of benign oligemia, true “at risk” penumbra (TP), and the infarct core (IC) during the first 3 hours of stroke onset. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the local animal care and use committee. DT imaging data were obtained from 14 rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) using a 7T magnetic resonance scanner (Bruker) in room air. Relative cerebral blood flow and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated to define oligemia, TP, IC, and normal tissue (NT) every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. Relative fractional anisotropy (rFA), pure anisotropy (rq), diffusion magnitude (rL), ADC (rADC), axial diffusivity (rAD), and radial diffusivity (rRD) values were derived by comparison with the contralateral normal brain. Results The mean volume of oligemia was 24.7 ± 14.1 mm3, that of TP was 81.3 ± 62.6 mm3, and that of IC was 123.0 ± 85.2 mm3 at 30 minutes after pMCAO. rFA showed an initial paradoxical 10% increase in IC and TP, and declined afterward. The rq, rL, rADC, rAD, and rRD showed an initial discrepant decrease in IC (from −24% to −36%) as compared with TP (from −7% to −13%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in metrics, except rFA, were found between tissue subtypes in the first 2.5 hours. The rq demonstrated the best overall performance in discriminating TP from IC (accuracy = 92.6%, area under curve = 0.93) and the optimal cutoff value was −33.90%. The metric values for oligemia and NT remained similar at all time points. Conclusion Benign oligemia is small and remains microstructurally normal under pMCAO. TP and IC show a distinct evolution of DT-derived properties within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, and are thus potentially useful in predicting the fate of ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ying Chiu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Pang Kuo
- Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32551, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Translational Imaging Research Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Kao
- Translational Imaging Research Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electrics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan. University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Translational Imaging Research Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Budde MD, Skinner NP. Diffusion MRI in acute nervous system injury. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 292:137-148. [PMID: 29773299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and related techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are uniquely sensitive to the microstructure of the brain and spinal cord. In the acute aftermath of nervous system injury, for example, DWI reveals changes caused by injury that remains invisible on other MRI contrasts such as T2-weighted imaging. This ability has led to a demonstrated clinical utility in cerebral ischemia. However, despite strong promise in preclinical models and research settings, DWI has not been as readily adopted for other acute injuries such as traumatic spinal cord, brain, or peripheral nerve injury. Furthermore, the precise biophysical mechanisms that underlie DWI and DTI changes are not fully understood. In this report, we review the DWI and DTI changes that occur in acute neurological injury of cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and peripheral nerve injury. Their associations with the underlying biology are examined with an emphasis on the role of acute axon and dendrite beading. Lastly, emerging DWI techniques to overcome the limitations of DTI are discussed as these may offer the needed improvements to translate to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Budde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| | - Nathan P Skinner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Zhang X, Yan Y, Tong F, Li CX, Jones B, Wang S, Meng Y, Muly EC, Kempf D, Howell L. Progressive Assessment of Ischemic Injury to White Matter Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Preliminary Study of a Macaque Model of Stroke. Open Neuroimag J 2018; 12:30-41. [PMID: 29785226 PMCID: PMC5897992 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001812010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated the temporal evolution of stroke injury in grey matter and white matter can be characterized by DTI indices. However, it still remains not fully understood how the DTI indices of white matter are altered progressively during the hyperacute (first 6 hours) and acute stage of stroke (≤ 1 week). In the present study, DTI was employed to characterize the temporal evolution of infarction and white matter injury after stroke insult using a macaque model with permanent ischemic occlusion. Methods and materials: Permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was induced in rhesus monkeys (n=4, 10-21 years old). The brain lesion was examined longitudinally with DTI during the hyperacute phase (2-6 hours, n=4), 48 hours (n=4) and 96 hours (n=3) post-occlusion. Results: Cortical infarction was seen in all animals. The Mean Diffusivity (MD) in lesion regions decreased substantially at the first time point (2 hours post stroke) (35%, p <0.05, compared to the contralateral side) and became pseudo-normalized at 96 hours. In contrast, evident FA reduction was seen at 48 hours (39%, p <0.10) post-stroke. MD reduction in white matter bundles of the lesion area was much less than that in the grey matter during the hyper-acute phase but significant change was observed 4 hours (4.2%, p < 0.05) post stroke . Also, MD pseudonormalisation was seen at 96 hours post stroke. There was a significant correlation between the temporal changes of MD in white matter bundles and those in whole lesion areas during the entire study period. Meanwhile, no obvious fractional anisotropy (FA) changes were seen during the hyper-acute phase in either the entire infarct region or white matter bundles. Significant FA alteration was observed in entire lesion areas and injured white matter bundles 48 and 96 hours post stroke. The stroke lesion in grey matter and white matter was validated by pathological findings. Conclusion:
The temporal evolution of ischemic injury to the grey matter and white matter from 2 to 96 hours after stroke onset was characterized using a macaque model and DTI. Progressive MD changes in white matter bundles are seen from hyperacute phase to acute phase after permanent MCA occlusion and temporally correlated with the MD changes in entire infarction regions. MD reduction in white matter bundles is mild in comparison with that in the grey matter but significant and progressive, indicating it may be useful to detect early white matter degeneration after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Yumei Yan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Frank Tong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Silun Wang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Yuguang Meng
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - E Chris Muly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Doty Kempf
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Leonard Howell
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Wang Y, Liu G, Hong D, Chen F, Ji X, Cao G. White matter injury in ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 141:45-60. [PMID: 27090751 PMCID: PMC5677601 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. It is well known that ischemic stroke can cause gray matter injury. However, stroke also elicits profound white matter injury, a risk factor for higher stroke incidence and poor neurological outcomes. The majority of damage caused by stroke is located in subcortical regions and, remarkably, white matter occupies nearly half of the average infarct volume. Indeed, white matter is exquisitely vulnerable to ischemia and is often injured more severely than gray matter. Clinical symptoms related to white matter injury include cognitive dysfunction, emotional disorders, sensorimotor impairments, as well as urinary incontinence and pain, all of which are closely associated with destruction and remodeling of white matter connectivity. White matter injury can be noninvasively detected by MRI, which provides a three-dimensional assessment of its morphology, metabolism, and function. There is an urgent need for novel white matter therapies, as currently available strategies are limited to preclinical animal studies. Optimal protection against ischemic stroke will need to encompass the fortification of both gray and white matter. In this review, we discuss white matter injury after ischemic stroke, focusing on clinical features and tools, such as imaging, manifestation, and potential treatments. We also briefly discuss the pathophysiology of WMI and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dandan Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Engineering, United States
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, United States.
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Pitkonen M, Abo-Ramadan U, Marinkovic I, Pedrono E, Hasan KM, Strbian D, Durukan A, Tatlisumak T. Long-term evolution of diffusion tensor indices after temporary experimental ischemic stroke in rats. Brain Res 2012; 1445:103-10. [PMID: 22326066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jensen JH, Falangola MF, Hu C, Tabesh A, Rapalino O, Lo C, Helpern JA. Preliminary observations of increased diffusional kurtosis in human brain following recent cerebral infarction. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:452-7. [PMID: 20960579 PMCID: PMC3549661 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
By application of the MRI method of diffusional kurtosis imaging, a substantially increased diffusional kurtosis was observed within the cerebral ischemic lesions of three stroke subjects, 13-26 h following the onset of symptoms. This increase is interpreted as probably reflecting a higher degree of diffusional heterogeneity in the lesions when compared with normal-appearing contralateral tissue. In addition, for two of the subjects with white matter infarcts, the increase had a strong fiber tract orientational dependence. It is proposed that this effect is consistent with a large drop in the intra-axonal diffusivity, possibly related to either axonal varicosities or alterations associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Jensen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016-3295, USA.
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