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Morita K, Kimura H, Tsuka H, Nishio F, Yoshida M, Tsuga K. Association between salivary alpha-amylase and subjective and objective oral parafunctions in community-dwelling elderly individuals. J Dent Sci 2020; 15:310-314. [PMID: 32952889 PMCID: PMC7486515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Stress in the elderly is caused by loss of physical and psychological health. Although there have been many reports on the intraoral environment affecting physical health, few reports exist on stress and the intraoral environment in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary α-amylase as an index of stress value and the intraoral environment. Materials and methods Three hundred and nineteen participants were community-dwelling independent individuals over 65 years old. The outcome variable was salivary α-amylase. After measurement, salivary α-amylase was classified into four groups (0 = 0–30, 1 = 31–45, 2 = 46–60, 3 = 61–200). The predictor variables were physical status (which includes age and male body-mass index) and subjective and objective symptoms (which include present teeth, torus palatinus, torus mandibularis, temporomandibular joint noise, bruxism, and dental attrition). These variables were compared among participants using univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The participants included 77 men and 242 women, with a mean age of 75.8 ± 5.4 years (65–94 years). Although temporomandibular joint noise and dental attrition were significantly positively correlated with salivary α-amylase, bruxism was significantly negatively correlated with salivary α-amylase (p < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between salivary α-amylase and temporomandibular joint noise, bruxism, and dental attrition. Conclusion High salivary α-amylase is associated with a high rate of temporomandibular joint noise and dental attrition, and a low rate of bruxism among elderly participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Morita
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kimura
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsuka
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nishio
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yoshida
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuga
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Jarillo-Luna RA, Gutiérrez-Meza JM, Franco-Vadillo A, Rivera-Aguilar V, Toledo-Blas M, Cárdenas-Jaramillo LM. Restraint stress increased the permeability of the nasal epithelium in BALB/c mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 117:104700. [PMID: 32387874 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stress seems to affect the onset and evolution of diverse illnesses with an inflammatory substrate. Whether physiological or psychological, stress increases epithelial permeability. In the mucosa of the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract, the epithelial barrier is regulated in large part by bicellular and tricellular tight junctions (bTJs and tTJs, respectively). The junctional complexes are composed of multiple membrane proteins: claudins, tight-junction-associated MARVEL proteins (TAMs: occludin, tricellulin and marvelD3), and scaffolding proteins such as ZO-1, -2 and -3. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible modification of nasal permeability and TJ protein expression in a mouse model of acute psychological stress (a 4-h immobility session). Serum corticosterone was quantified from plasma samples to verify the onset of stress. Evaluation was made of the relative concentration of key proteins in nasal mucosa by using Western blot, and of changes in permeability by analyzing FITC-Dextran leakage from the nose to the blood. Compared to the control, the stressed group showed a greater epithelial permeability to FITC-Dextran, a reduced expression of occludin and tricellulin, and an elevated expression of ZO-2 and claudin-4. This evidence points to increased paracellular flow of large molecules through an altered structure of tTJs. Apparently, the structure of bTJs remained unchanged. The current findings could provide insights into the relation of stress to the onset/exacerbation of respiratory infections and/or allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Adriana Jarillo-Luna
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, CP.11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Coordinación de Morfología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, CP. 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Juan Manuel Gutiérrez-Meza
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, CP.11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Coordinación de Morfología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, CP. 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Franco-Vadillo
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, CP.11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Coordinación de Morfología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, CP. 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Rivera-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Avenida de los Barrios s/n, CP. 54090, Tlalnepantla Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Mireille Toledo-Blas
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, CP.11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luz María Cárdenas-Jaramillo
- Coordinación de Morfología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, CP. 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Ghilotti F, Åkerstedt T, Bellocco R, Adami HO, Trolle Lagerros Y. Prospective study of job stress and risk of infections in Swedish adults. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:681-690. [PMID: 32576646 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological stress may influence both susceptibility and severity of infections. Although work-related stress is a widespread concern among many employees, few studies have been conducted with the focus on work stressors and infections. We therefore aimed to investigate this association in a prospective cohort study. METHODS Our study included 25 029 employed individuals who filled-out a questionnaire in September 1997 and were followed through record linkages until retirement or December 2016. Work stress was assessed at baseline using a Swedish version of the Demand-Control Questionnaire, whereas hospital contacts related to infections were identified from the National Patient Register. We fitted extensions of the standard Cox model to account for recurrent infections. RESULTS In total, we observed 8257 infections. Individuals in the third tertile of job demand had a 13% higher hazard of infections (HR=1.13; 95% CI=1.03 to 1.24) compared with individuals in the first tertile, specifically an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (HR=1.15; 95% CI=1.00 to 1.33) and urinary tract infections (HR=1.31; 95% CI=1.09 to 1.57) was found. Employees with the highest job control (third tertile) had no lower risk of infections than individuals in the lowest tertile (HR=1.02; 95% CI=0.92 to 1.13). When combining the demand and control dimensions into job strain scale, no association between high job strain and infections was observed (HR=1.08; 95% CI=0.97 to 1.21). CONCLUSION High job demand, but not low job control, is associated with an increased occurrence of infections. No difference was observed in workers with high strain jobs compared with those with low strain jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ghilotti
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Obesity Center, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Heinrichs K, Hummel S, Gholami J, Schultz K, Li J, Sheikh A, Loerbroks A. Psychosocial working conditions, asthma self-management at work and asthma morbidity: a cross-sectional study. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:25. [PMID: 31168356 PMCID: PMC6509772 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse psychosocial working conditions—in particular poor job decision latitude and poor social support at work—may impair the effective implementation of asthma self-management behaviour at work and may be associated with increased asthma morbidity. In this study, we investigate for the first time the association of job decision latitude and social support at work with (1) four asthma-specific self-management behaviours at work (i.e., physical activity, trigger avoidance, acute symptom management, and communication) and with (2) asthma morbidity.
Methods A total of 221 employees with asthma recruited through three rehabilitation clinics completed questionnaires (response rate = 29.3%). Job decision latitude and social support were measured using items from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. The four asthma self-management behaviours were mainly assessed by self-developed items. We used the Asthma Control Test and the Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire to measure asthma morbidity. We dichotomized all variables and conducted logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios with 95% CIs. Results Low job decision latitude and low social support were significantly associated with poorer trigger avoidance (odds ratios ≥ 2.09) and poorer acute symptom management (odds ratios ≥ 2.29); low social support was further related to significantly less communication (odds ratio = 2.82). Low job decision latitude and low social support were also associated with significantly poorer asthma control (odds ratios ≥ 1.95) and poorer asthma-specific quality of life (odds ratios ≥ 2.05). The relationships with asthma morbidity were attenuated after adjustment for the four asthma self-management behaviours (odds ratios ranging from 1.1 to 1.9). Conclusions Adverse psychosocial working conditions are associated with poorer asthma self-management behaviour at work and with increased asthma morbidity. The latter association may be mediated by asthma self-management behaviour. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, registration number: DRK S00011309, date of registration: 22.12.2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13601-019-0264-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Heinrichs
- 1Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Hummel
- MEDIAN Klinik Heiligendamm, Kinderstrand 1, 18209 Bad Doberan, Germany
| | - Jalal Gholami
- Nordseeklinik Borkum der DRV Rheinland, Bubertstraße 4, 26757 Borkum, Germany
| | - Konrad Schultz
- 4Klinik Bad Reichenhall der DRV Bayern Süd, Salzburger Str. 8, 83435 Bad Reichenhall, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- 1Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,5Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 USA.,6School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 USA
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- 7Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Adrian Loerbroks
- 1Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Forster F, Weinmann T, Gerlich J, Schlotz W, Weinmayr G, Genuneit J, Windstetter D, Vogelberg C, von Mutius E, Nowak D, Radon K. Work-related stress and incident asthma and rhinitis: results from the SOLAR study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:673-681. [PMID: 30656403 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study analyzes the association of work-related stress with incident asthma and rhinitis in young adults with a special focus on gender-specific differences. METHODS Incident asthma, wheezing and rhinitis were measured in a cohort of 2051 young German adults (aged 16-18 years at baseline) recruited by the prospective population-based SOLAR study (Study of Occupational Allergy Risks). Work-related stress was measured by the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress (TICS). Two TICS scales, work overload and work discontent, were analysed. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS In females, the odds for incident asthma were found to be 17% higher for each increase of the work discontent score by one point (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.31). In males, no association was statistically significant. Incident rhinitis showed no association with any exposure variable. CONCLUSION This study shows a link between work-related stress and incident asthma which seems to be confined to women. This study adds evidence about the association of work-related stress and asthma in young adults and can contribute to prevention for that particular age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Forster
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr.1, 80336, Munich, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tobias Weinmann
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr.1, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC-Health), Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Gerlich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr.1, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC-Health), Munich, Germany
| | - Wolff Schlotz
- Max Planck Institute of Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Doris Windstetter
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr.1, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Vogelberg
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. v. Haunersches Kinderspital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr.1, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr.1, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC-Health), Munich, Germany
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6
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Loerbroks A, Ding H, Han W, Wang H, Wu JP, Yang L, Angerer P, Li J. Work stress, family stress and asthma: a cross-sectional study among women in China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:349-356. [PMID: 28220243 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research addressing links of work stress or family stress with asthma is constrained by (1) inconsistent evidence, (2) failure to consider the combined exposure to work stress and family stress, and (3) its primary focus on Western study populations. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps. METHODS We used cross-sectional data collected in 2015 among 7816 women from five professional groups in five Chinese cities. Work stress was measured by the 10-item effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. Family stress was assessed by a psychometrically evaluated instrument comprising five items on, e.g., familial conflicts or domestic workload. Asthma was operationalized by self-reports of a physician diagnosis. Associations were examined by multivariable logistic regression estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Both high work stress (i.e., ERI score >1) and high family stress (i.e., score above the median) were associated with asthma (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.22-2.27 and OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.10-1.99, respectively). Women with combined exposure (versus none) had somewhat higher odds of asthma (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.42-3.19) than those with sole exposure to either work stress (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.20-2.96) or family stress (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.03-2.84). Interaction terms were significant for continuous variables (p = 0.046), but not for dichotomized variables (p = 0.199). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that both work stress and family stress are positively associated with asthma in women in China. Further, the combined exposure may be associated with a further excess of asthma occurrence. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and to explore potential temporal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Loerbroks
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hui Ding
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, 100026, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Han
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ping Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Shenyang Women and Children Health Care Center, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Respiratory Illness and Allergy Related to Work and Home Environment among Commercial Pilots. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164954. [PMID: 27741314 PMCID: PMC5065138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to study associations between work and home environment and prevalence and incidence of respiratory health and a history of atopy in a 3-y cohort of commercial pilots. A questionnaire was mailed in 1997 to all pilots in a Scandinavian airline company (N = 622); 577 (93%) participated. The same questionnaire was sent to the participants 3 years later, 436 participated (76%). There were questions on asthma, respiratory symptoms and infections, allergies, the cabin environment, psychosocial environment and the home environment. Associations were analyzed by multiple logistic regression, calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The incidence of doctors' diagnosed asthma and atopy were 2.4 and 16.6 per 1000 person years, respectively. Pilots changing type of flight during follow-up got more airway infections (OR = 11.27; 95% CI 2.39-53.14). Those reporting decreased work control (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.03-3.31 for 1 unit change) and those with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home (OR = 3.73; 95% CI 1.09-12.83) had a higher incidence of atopy during follow up. Dampness or mould at home was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms (OR = 3.55; 95% CI 1.43-8.82) and airway infections (OR = 3.12 95% CI 1.27-7.68). Window pane condensation in winter at home, reported at baseline, was associated with increased incidence of asthma symptoms (OR = 4.14; 95% CI 1.32-12.97) and pilots living in newer buildings at baseline had a higher incidence of airway infections (OR = 5.23; 95% CI 1.43-19.10). In conclusion, lack of work control and ETS at home can be a risk factors for development of allergic symptoms in pilots. Window pane condensation at home can be a risk factor for incidence of asthma symptoms. Dampness and mould at home can be a risk factor for prevalence of asthma symptoms and airway infections and living in newer buildings can be a risk factor for incidence of airway infections.
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8
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Hartmann B, Leucht V, Loerbroks A. Work stress, asthma control and asthma-specific quality of life: Initial evidence from a cross-sectional study. J Asthma 2016; 54:210-216. [PMID: 27328314 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1201836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has suggested that psychological stress is positively associated with asthma morbidity. One major source of stress in adulthood is one's occupation. However, to date, potential links of work stress with asthma control or asthma-specific quality of life have not been examined. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. METHODS In 2014/2015, we conducted a cross-sectional study among adults with asthma in Germany (n = 362). For the current analyses that sample was restricted to participants in employment and reporting to have never been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 94). Work stress was operationalized by the 16-item effort-reward-imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, which measures the subcomponents "effort", "reward" and "overcommitment." Participants further completed the Asthma Control Test and the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire-Sydney. Multivariable associations were quantified by linear regression and logistic regression. RESULTS Effort, reward and their ratio (i.e. ERI ratio) did not show meaningful associations with asthma morbidity. By contrast, increasing levels of overcommitment were associated with poorer asthma control and worse quality of life in both linear regression (ß = -0.26, p = 0.01 and ß = 0.44, p < 0.01, respectively) and logistic regression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-3.07 and OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.32-4.15, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides initial evidence of a positive relationship of work-related overcommitment with asthma control and asthma-specific quality of life. Longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to confirm our findings and to disentangle the potential causality of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hartmann
- a Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Verena Leucht
- a Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Adrian Loerbroks
- a Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
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9
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Ndjom CGN, Jones HP. CRH promotes S. pneumoniae growth in vitro and increases lung carriage in mice. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:279. [PMID: 25904910 PMCID: PMC4389549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), a commensal across the nasal passages, is responsible for the majority of infectious pneumonia cases worldwide. Previous studies have shown that hormonal factors may be influential in regulating S. pneumoniae’s transition from a non-pathogen to a pathogenic state. The current study investigated the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a peptide hormone involved in stress, on the pathogenicity of S. pneumoniae. Mice were infected with CRH-treated S. pneumoniae via intranasal route, showing an increase in pulmonary bacterial burden. We also quantified S. pneumoniae’s response to CRH through limited serial dilutions and growth curve analysis. We demonstrated that CRH promotes S. pneumoniae titer-dependent proliferation, as well as accelerates log-phase growth. Results also showed an increase in pneumococcal-associated virulence protein A virulence gene expression in response to CRH. These results demonstrate a role for CRH in S. pneumoniae pathogenicity, thus implicating CRH in mediating the transition of S. pneumoniae into a pathogenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette G Ngo Ndjom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA ; Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Harlan P Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA
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10
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Abstract
Treatment of asthma lends itself to an integrative medicine approach due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. It is well established that asthma has a neuromuscular component (bronchospasm), an immunological component (inflammation), and a psychological component. This encourages the use of diverse approaches to address all avenues of pathophysiology, aiming for the most effective blend of treatment approaches possible. Integrative medicine is defined by NIH NCCAM ( http://nccam.nih.gov ) as medicine that blends the use of evidence-based complementary therapies with conventional medicine. Statistics from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), showed that approximately four out of 10 adults and approximately one in nine children and more than 50 % of children living with chronic illness, including asthma, used complementary therapies in the USA in 2007. Asthma and allergies rank among the top 15 most common medical conditions in which integrative therapies are used in both children and adults. To date, integrative treatment approaches with some evidence for benefit in asthma treatment include the following: nutrition modification, mind-body medicine, physical activity, and certain dietary supplement interventions.
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