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Kearson L, Dandar C, Hoyt C, Longoria J, Okhomina V, Raches D, Potter B, Kang G, Hankins J, Takemoto C, Heitzer A. Prediction of Functional Academic Outcomes by Fine Motor Skills in Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7805205180. [PMID: 39102271 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at heightened risk of poor neurocognitive and academic outcomes. The relationship between fine motor skills and academic outcomes is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To compare the fine motor skills of individuals with SCD with normative expectations, test whether demographic and medical factors are associated with fine motor performance, and determine the impact of fine motor performance on academic performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Individuals with SCD (N = 376; ages 8-24 yr). OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Fine motor outcomes included visual-motor integration, manual dexterity, and graphomotor speed. Academic outcomes included math fluency and word reading. Demographic and medical variables were obtained via medical records and interviews. RESULTS Compared with normative expectations, the performance of individuals with SCD on all fine motor measures was lower than expected. Male sex, lower socioeconomic status, and lower oxygen saturation was associated with slower graphomotor speed. Lower socioeconomic status and older age were associated with lower visual-motor integration scores. Performance on all fine motor measures was positively associated with math fluency and word reading. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Individuals with SCD exhibited poorer than expected fine motor skills across multiple motor domains, and these deficits were associated with poorer academic outcomes. Early referral to intervention services for fine motor skills may facilitate improved academic outcomes for individuals with SCD. Plain-Language Summary: This study had three objectives: (1) Compare the fine motor skills of people with sickle cell disease (SCD) with normative expectations, (2) test whether demographic and medical factors are associated with fine motor performance, and (3) determine the impact of fine motor performance on academic performance. We found that SCD is a risk factor for lower than expected fine motor performance across multiple fine motor domains and that these deficits also affect functional academic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakia Kearson
- Lakia Kearson, PsyD, is Neuropsychology Fellow, Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Christina Dandar
- Christina Dandar, MA, is Neuropsychology Intern, Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Catherine Hoyt
- Catherine Hoyt, PhD, OTD, FAOTA, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor of Occupational Therapy, Neurology, and Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jennifer Longoria
- Jennifer Longoria, PhD, is Neuropsychologist, Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Victoria Okhomina
- Victoria Okhomina, MPH, MS, is Biostatistician, Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Darcy Raches
- Darcy Raches, PhD, is Neuropsychologist, Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Brian Potter
- Brian Potter, PhD, is Neuropsychologist, Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Guolian Kang
- Guolian Kang, PhD, is Biostatistician, Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jane Hankins
- Jane Hankins, MD, is Director of Global Hematology Program, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Clifford Takemoto
- Clifford Takemoto, MD, is Director of Clinical Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Andrew Heitzer
- Andrew Heitzer, PhD, is Neuropsychologist, Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN;
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Knight LM, King AA, Strouse JJ, Tanabe P. Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Delays in Children 0 to 5 Years of Age With Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Literature Review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:104-111. [PMID: 33560086 PMCID: PMC8254873 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common abnormal genetic blood disease that affects ∼100,000 Americans. Approximately 20% to 37% of children with sickle cell anemia have silent cerebral infarcts by the age of 14 years old. Neurocognitive deficits are identified in infants and preschool children with SCD. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence, severity, and the associated risk factors for neurodevelopmental delays (NDDs) in children with SCD 5 years of age and younger. METHODS Systematic search of 6 databases identified 2467 potentially relevant publications and 8 were identified through a manual search. Only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS We identified an increased prevalence of NDDs (cognitive, motor, or both). Children experienced deficits with language, attention and behavior, executive functioning, school readiness and/or academic performance, and motor skills (fine and gross motor functioning). Risk factors include silent cerebral infarcts and strokes, SCD genotype (HbSS>HbSC), other biologic, and social factors. CONCLUSION NDDs are common in children ages 0 to 5 years old with SCD. There is an opportunity to improve adherence to national guideline recommendations and early detection practices by pediatricians, hematologists, and other health care providers.
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Barbarin OA, Whitten CF, Bond S, Conner-Warren R. The Social and Cultural Context of Coping with Sickle Cell Disease: II. The Role of Financial Hardship in Adjustment to Sickle Cell Disease. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798499025003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence on the negative psychological effects of poverty suggests that economic status alone might account for the adjustment problems attributed to sickle cell disease (SCD). The relationship of SCD and financial hardship to adjustment was examined in 327 ill children and their parents. SCD and hardship contributed independently to impaired child and parental functioning. For parents, illness severity had more negative effects than did financial hardship, but for
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandy Bond
- Comprehensive Sickle Cell Clinic, Children’s Hospital of Michigan
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Zimmerman IL, Castilleja NF. The role of a language scale for infant and preschool assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:238-46. [PMID: 16161089 DOI: 10.1002/mrdd.20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The PLS-4 (Preschool Language Scale, 4th edition) is a psychometrically sound instrument constructed to assess language skills in children from birth to 6 years 11 months. It is a useful diagnostic and research tool that can be used to identify current comprehension and expressive language skills and can measure changes in language skills over time. The test is individually administered and includes tasks that assess skills in the areas of preverbal behaviors, as well as linguistic skills in the areas of semantics, morphology, syntax, integrative language skills, and preliteracy skills. Extensive reliability and validity evidence are presented. The test has been used extensively in research examining language development of young children from different home environments, children with identified medical conditions, and children participating in a variety of habilitation and intervention programs. Both the previous edition (PLS-3) and the new PLS-4 English and Spanish editions are used extensively in clinical, medical, and research settings to examine developmental language patterns of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irla Lee Zimmerman
- Diplomate in Clinical Psychology, American Board of Professional Psychology, 11723 Goshen Ave., #201, Los Angeles, CA 90040, USA.
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