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Hemmati A, Rezaei F, Rahmani K, Komasi S, Miettunen J, Amianto F, Clark LA. Meta-Analytic Review of Temperamental Correlates of the Five-Factor Model and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Domains. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:208-220. [PMID: 38699774 PMCID: PMC11062301 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231210396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is little and heterogeneous knowledge on the links between the temperamental predispositions of psychopathology and the contemporary dimensional models of psychopathology, such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) classification system, which can be aligned with the five-factor model (FFM) of personality. This meta-analysis seeks to expand the temperamental theoretical basis of the HiTOP model by incorporating associations of temperament traits of two temperamental theories measured, respectively, by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) with (a) the FFM's personality domains and (b) HiTOP's five psychopathological spectra. Methods A systematic search was done on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar for all articles published in English from January 1990 to August 2020. Because of heterogeneity in the results of almost 70% of studies, pooled estimates of correlation coefficients were calculated using the random-effects method. Risk of bias (low-quality studies) and publication bias are reported. Results The pooled correlations obtained from the analysis of 35 studies showed that the temperamental profile associated with each FFM domain and HiTOP spectra is distinct. Specifically, TCI-harm avoidance (HA) and all TEMPS temperaments were more strongly related to neuroticism/internalizing, extraversion/low detachment, and conscientiousness/disinhibition. In contrast, TCI-novelty seeking was more strongly related to both disinhibited/antagonistic externalizing and thought disorder. Conclusions A large body of research supports maladaptive variants of all FFM domains and some psychopathological spectra of HiTOP related to the abnormal-range temperaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Hemmati
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Federico Amianto
- Dept. of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Montorio I, Izal M, Bellot A, Rodríguez J, de Iceta M. Personality Profiles Associated with Long-Term Success in Bariatric Surgery: 24-Month Follow-Up. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:797. [PMID: 37887447 PMCID: PMC10603863 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is highly effective for treating severe obesity in the long term. However, studies investigating predictors and personality profiles linked to BS success yield inconsistent results due to varying methodologies and limited research. This paper aims to identify personality profiles associated with BS success. (2) Method: The study involved 67 patients undergoing bariatric surgery, evaluated through clinical and personality measures. Weight loss was monitored at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery. Hierarchical case cluster analysis and iterative k-means cluster analysis identified distinct groups based on excess body mass index loss (%EBL) at these intervals. ANOVA was employed to compare personality profiles between groups. (3) Results: Average weight loss after 24 months was 67.2%. Two success profiles emerged: 46.5% showed very good success, achieving 90% EBL in 24 months, while 55% in the second cluster had less than 40% EBL throughout follow-up. The successful profile correlated with greater self-efficacy and improved emotional adjustment. (4) Conclusions: Successful BS outcomes were linked to personality traits promoting sustained weight loss post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Montorio
- Psychology Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.)
| | - María Izal
- Psychology Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.)
| | - Ana Bellot
- Psychology Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.)
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28702 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano de Iceta
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28702 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Feher A, Vernon PA. Looking beyond the Big Five: A selective review of alternatives to the Big Five model of personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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van Munster JJCM, van der Valk WH, Stegeman I, Lieftink AF, Smit AL. The Relationship of Tinnitus Distress With Personality Traits: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:225. [PMID: 32655464 PMCID: PMC7326028 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: An association between tinnitus distress with anxiety and depression is described in literature. A similar relationship might exist between tinnitus distress and personality traits, especially since associations between personality traits and other chronic diseases are already revealed. In this systematic review, we aim to investigate whether personality is a risk factor for tinnitus distress. Design: We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception up to December 31, 2018 for articles on the association between tinnitus distress and personality. Two researchers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility. Directness of evidence and risk of bias were assessed. From the included studies, study characteristics and outcome data of tinnitus distress and personality traits were extracted. Results: A total of 323 unique articles were screened of which 11 cross-sectional studies were eligible for critical appraisal and were used for data extraction. Including study populations were heterogenous, and studies scored high to moderate risk of bias. Nine out of 11 articles showed an association between tinnitus distress and the personality of neuroticism. Conclusions: By limitations in the methodology of included studies, the evidence on specific personality traits as a risk factor for tinnitus distress is inconclusive. Some evidence on a positive association with neuroticism is identified. To draw conclusions about causal relations, these further studies should be of longitudinal design in a cohort setting. These studies should assess tinnitus distress using validated questionnaires with multiple personality dimensions and validated questionnaires to assess personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliëtte J C M van Munster
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter H van der Valk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arno F Lieftink
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adriana L Smit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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5
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Lo MT, Wang Y, Kauppi K, Sanyal N, Fan CC, Smeland OB, Schork A, Holland D, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Chen CH. Modeling prior information of common genetic variants improves gene discovery for neuroticism. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4530-4539. [PMID: 28973307 PMCID: PMC5886256 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism reflects emotional instability, and is related to various mental and physical health issues. However, the majority of genetic variants associated with neuroticism remain unclear. Inconsistent genetic variants identified by different genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may be attributable to low statistical power. We proposed a novel framework to improve the power for gene discovery by incorporating prior information of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and combining two relevant existing tools, relative enrichment score (RES) and conditional false discovery rate (FDR). Here, SNP's conditional FDR was estimated given its RES based on SNP prior information including linkage disequilibrium (LD)-weighted genic annotation scores, total LD scores and heterozygosity. A known significant locus in chromosome 8p was excluded before estimating FDR due to long-range LD structure. Only one significant LD-independent SNP was detected by analyses of unconditional FDR and traditional GWAS in the discovery sample (N = 59 225), and notably four additional SNPs by conditional FDR. Three of the five SNPs, all identified by conditional FDR, were replicated (P < 0.05) in an independent sample (N = 170 911). These three SNPs are located in intronic regions of CADM2, LINGO2 and EP300 which have been reported to be associated with autism, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, respectively. Our approach using a combination of RES and conditional FDR improved power of traditional GWAS for gene discovery providing a useful framework for the analysis of GWAS summary statistics by utilizing SNP prior information, and helping to elucidate the links between neuroticism and complex diseases from a genetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Tzu Lo
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umea University, Umea 90187, Sweden
| | - Nilotpal Sanyal
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chun-Chieh Fan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Andrew Schork
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Medical Health Center, Sct. Hans, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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6
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Influence of temperament and character on online gamer loyalty: Perspectives from personality and flow theories. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bolat N, Kadak T, Eliacik K, Sargin E, Incekas S, Gunes H. Maternal and paternal personality profiles of adolescent suicide attempters. Psychiatry Res 2017; 248:77-82. [PMID: 28024181 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Personality features have been correlated with suicidal behaviors in recent decades. Given its neurobiological background, Cloninger's model of personality, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), may help to identify the maternal and paternal personality dimensions associated with adolescent suicide attempts. The present study is the first that specifically compares the temperament and character profiles of both mothers and fathers of the adolescent suicide attempters with a control group, by considering the influence of demographic and clinical factors. The study group comprised 117 parents of 71 adolescent suicide attempters and 119 parents of 71 age- and gender-matched adolescents without a suicide attempt included as a control group. The TCI and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were applied to the parents in both groups. Logistic regression analysis, which was performed to adjust confounding factors, demonstrated significantly higher scores for harm avoidance among the mothers and lower scores of self-directedness among the fathers of the adolescent suicide attempters. New psychotherapeutic modalities considering the high-risk parental personality traits would be beneficial to support parent-adolescent relationships and may have a preventative effect on adolescent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Tayyib Kadak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kayi Eliacik
- Department of Pediatrics, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Enis Sargin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Secil Incekas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dortcelik Children Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gunes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Atiye M, Miettunen J, Raevuori-Helkamaa A. A meta-analysis of temperament in eating disorders. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 23:89-99. [PMID: 25546554 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although suggested as an important contributor to the development and maintenance of eating disorders, temperament has not previously been studied adopting a meta-analytical approach. We therefore pooled data (N = 14 studies; N = 3315 cases, N = 3395 controls) on Cloninger's temperament traits (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence) in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) and eating disorders not otherwise specified. Persistence was significantly higher than in the controls in all eating disorders except for BED the highest levels being observed in AN. Correspondingly, the highest effect sizes for harm avoidance were seen in AN. Novelty seeking was significantly elevated relative to the controls only in BN. Harm avoidance was significantly lower, and reward dependence was significantly higher in individuals who had recovered from AN than in those who remained ill. Future studies with a longitudinal design are needed to explore the temporal relationships between eating disorders and temperament traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Atiye
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Darragh M, Booth RJ, Consedine NS. Who responds to placebos? Considering the "placebo personality" via a transactional model. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2014; 20:287-95. [PMID: 25026092 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2014.936885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The placebo effect is now recognised as a genuine psychobiological phenomenon; however, the question of how it can be systematically harnessed to improve health outcomes is not yet clear. One issue that remains unresolved is why some respond to placebos and others do not. A number of traits have been linked to responding, but findings are scattered. In extending prior work, this paper offers three considerations. First, attempts to describe the placebo responder via a single personality trait may be limiting. A synthesis of findings to date suggests placebo responsiveness may reflect a two-faceted construct, with "inward" and "outward" orientation representing the different but related facets of placebo responsiveness. Second, the lack of theoretically driven research may be hindering progress. Personality measures rather than personality theory appear to be driving research and higher order traits are descriptive tools with limited use in predicting behaviour. A biologically based stimulus-response model of personality that considers how individuals respond to certain environmental cues may be more appropriate. Third, a transactional model of placebo responding in which dispositional characteristics interact with environmental contingencies is presented. Responsiveness may manifest in placebo environments where there is a match between an individual's biological trait-like response systems and environmental contingencies. This type of model may be useful in both research and clinical settings. Systematic consideration of how different individuals might respond to different placebo environments might facilitate identification of stable individual characteristics predictive of responding. The ability to determine who is responsive to placebo treatments, and in what context, may enable the matching of individual to treatment, thereby maximising the effectiveness of treatment and minimising possible iatrogenic harm. In the increasingly overtaxed modern health care industry, non-pharmacological treatment alternatives are of critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Darragh
- a Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Medicine , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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10
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Capanna C, Struglia F, Riccardi I, Daneluzzo E, Stratta P, Rossi A. Temperament and Character Inventory—R (TCI—R) and Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ): Convergence and Divergence. Psychol Rep 2012; 110:1002-6. [DOI: 10.2466/02.03.09.pr0.110.3.1002-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the correspondence between measures of two competing theories of personality, the five-factor model as measured by the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), and Cloninger's psychobiological theory measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised (TCI—R). A sample of 900 Italian participants, balanced with respect to sex (393 men and 507 women), and representative of the adult population with respect to age (range 18 to 70 years; M = 39.6, SD = 15.7) completed the TCI—R and the Big Five Questionnaire. All TCI—R personality dimensions except Self-Transcendence were moderately correlated with one or more of the Big Five dimensions (from r = .40 to .61), and the two instruments showed areas of convergence. However, the differences outweighed the similarities, indicating that these current conceptualizations and measures of personality are somewhat inconsistent with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Capanna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Struglia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riccardi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Enrico Daneluzzo
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Stratta
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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Abstract
This article reviews empirical studies of affective traits in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, population-based investigations of vulnerability to psychosis, and genetic and psychometric high-risk samples. The review focuses on studies that use self-report trait questionnaires to assess Negative Affectivity (NA) and Positive Affectivity (PA), which are conceptualized in contemporary models of personality as broad, temperamentally-based dispositions to experience corresponding emotional states. Individuals with schizophrenia report a pattern of stably elevated NA and low PA throughout the illness course. Among affected individuals, these traits are associated with variability in several clinically important features, including functional outcome, quality of life, and stress reactivity. Furthermore, evidence that elevated NA and low PA (particularly the facet of anhedonia) predict the development of psychosis and are detectable in high-risk samples suggests that these traits play a role in vulnerability to schizophrenia, though they are implicated in other forms of psychopathology as well. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment, etiological models, and future research to advance the study of affective traits in schizophrenia and schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Horan
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2240, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968, USA; tel: 310-206-8181, fax: 310-206-3651, e-mail:
| | - Jack J. Blanchard
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Michael F. Green
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073
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12
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Hori H, Noguchi H, Hashimoto R, Nakabayashi T, Saitoh O, Murray RM, Okabe S, Kunugi H. Personality in schizophrenia assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Psychiatry Res 2008; 160:175-83. [PMID: 18602163 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a well-established self-report questionnaire measuring four temperament and three character dimensions. However, surprisingly few studies have used it to examine the personality of patients with schizophrenia, and none in Japan. Moreover, possible gender differences in personality among patients with schizophrenia have not been well documented. We administered the TCI to 86 Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 115 age- and gender-matched healthy controls to characterize personality traits in patients with schizophrenia and to examine their relationships with clinical variables, particularly gender and symptoms. Compared with controls, patients demonstrated significantly lower novelty seeking, reward dependence, self-directedness and cooperativeness, and higher harm avoidance and self-transcendence. Male patients showed even more pronounced personality alteration than female patients when both of them were compared with healthy people. Personality dimensions were moderately correlated with symptom dimensions assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). These results, together with prior findings in several other countries, suggest that schizophrenia patients have a unique personality profile which appears to be present across cultures and that the greater alteration of personality in schizophrenia males might be related to their poorer social and community functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Chien LL, Ko HC, Wu JYW. The five-factor model of personality and depressive symptoms: One-year follow-up. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Draper TW, Holman TB. Locating the big five personality factors in the relate relationship evaluation measures. Psychol Rep 2006; 97:877-86. [PMID: 16512307 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.97.3.877-886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Factor analyses of data from 400 students who completed the adjective section of the Relate relationship evaluation and similar descriptors from the measure of the "big five" factors of personality by Digman and Inouye indicated that all of the "big five" measures, surgency, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness, can be assessed as part of the Relate assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Draper
- Marriage, Family and Human Development, 2102b Joseph F. Smith Building, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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15
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Hansenne M, Delhez M, Cloninger CR. Psychometric Properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised (TCI–R) in a Belgian Sample. J Pers Assess 2005; 85:40-9. [PMID: 16083383 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8501_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; Cloninger, Przybeck, Svrakic, & Wetzel, 1994) is a self-questionnaire developed to assess the 7 dimensions of personality described by Cloninger et al. (1994) with a total of 29 subscales. In 1999, a revised version was proposed by Cloninger (TCI-R). In this study, we present psychometric properties of the TCI-R from 958 French-speaking participants of Belgium. Women exhibited higher scores for harm avoidance, reward dependence, and cooperativeness dimensions. The proposed factorial structure of 4 temperament dimensions and 3 character dimensions was confirmed. The TCI-R inventory had good test-retest reliabilities as well as good alpha coefficients. The addition of 3 new subscales to the original scale for Persistence has produced a very reliable dimension in the TCI-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Hansenne
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium.
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16
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Abstract
Temperament refers to early-appearing variation in emotional reactivity. The core dimensions of temperament and optimal method for assessment continue to be sources of considerable discussion. Nevertheless, the moderate stability of most temperamental traits and the strong influence of genetic and unique environmental factors have been well established, along with temperament's association with childhood psychiatric disorders. Both temperamental predisposition toward experiencing negative emotions and low inhibitory control are linked to many psychiatric conditions, while other dimensions, such as levels of extraversion, vary by, and likely even within, disorders. Accumulating research directed at understanding the mechanism of these links between temperament and psychopathology indicate that, at least for most disorders, the two constructs cannot be viewed as simply different points along a shared continuum. The effect of temperament upon psychopathology has been found to be mediated and moderated by a number of both internal and external factors. Additional research is needed to help further define the core dimensions of temperament and the complex mechanisms through which temperamental traits interact with other influences in affecting developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Rettew
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405, USA.
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DRAPER THOMASW. LOCATING THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS IN THE RELATE RELATIONSHIP EVALUATION MEASURES. Psychol Rep 2005. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.97.7.877-886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barnow S, Schultz G, Lucht M, Ulrich I, Freyberger HJ. Der Einfluss von Temperament, Alkoholwirksamkeitserwartungen und Bezugsgruppe auf Trinkmenge und Alkoholprobleme im Jugendalter 1Die Arbeit ist Teil des Community-Medicine-Forschungsverbundes (CMF) der Universität Greifswald. Er wird gefördert von dem Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Förderkennzeichen ZZ9603), dem Kultusministerium und dem Sozialministerium des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Der CMF umfasst mehrere Projekte, die Daten aus einer Basisstudie, der Study of Health in Pomerania analysieren (SHIP; www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de/cm). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2004; 32:85-95. [PMID: 15181784 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917.32.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, inwieweit Temperamentsmerkmale (Neugierverhalten, Schadensvermeidung und Belohnungsabhängigkeit), Alkoholwirksamkeitserwartungen und Devianz/Substanzgebrauch in der Peergroup einen Einfluss auf Alkoholprobleme und Trinkmenge im Jugendalter haben. Methode: 147 etwa 15-jährige Jugendliche wurden zu zwei Messzeitpunkten ausführlich befragt und erhielten darüber hinaus verschiedene Fragebögen. Ebenso wurden bei der ersten Erhebung die jeweiligen Elternteile interviewt. Ergebnisse: Jugendliche mit Alkoholproblemen zur Zeit der zweiten Befragung wiesen ein Jahr vorher im Vergleich zu Adoleszenten ohne Alkoholprobleme eine geringere Schadensvermeidung und Belohnungsabhängigkeit auf und waren häufiger Mitglied in einer devianten/substanzgebrauchenden Peergroup. Außerdem berichteten Jugendliche mit Alkoholproblemen signifikant mehr positive Alkoholwirksamkeitserwartungen. In Bezug auf die Trinkmenge konnten die Ergebnisse repliziert werden, wobei das Temperament aber kein bedeutsamer Prädiktor für die Trinkmenge pro Trinktag nach einem Jahr war. Schlussfolgerung: Alkoholwirksamkeitserwartungen und Devianz/Substanzgebrauch in der Peergroup zeigen bedeutsame Assoziationen sowohl mit der Trinkmenge pro Trinktag als auch der Entwicklung von Alkoholproblemen im Jugendalter und sollten deshalb Fokus von Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen sein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barnow
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald im Klinikum Stralsund.
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