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Brook CE, Rozins C, Bohl JA, Ahyong V, Chea S, Fahsbender L, Huy R, Lay S, Leang R, Li Y, Lon C, Man S, Oum M, Northrup GR, Oliveira F, Pacheco AR, Parker DM, Young K, Boots M, Tato CM, DeRisi JL, Yek C, Manning JE. Climate, demography, immunology, and virology combine to drive two decades of dengue virus dynamics in Cambodia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318704121. [PMID: 39190356 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318704121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dengue virus disease has increased globally across the past half-century, with highest number of cases ever reported in 2019 and again in 2023. We analyzed climatological, epidemiological, and phylogenomic data to investigate drivers of two decades of dengue in Cambodia, an understudied endemic setting. Using epidemiological models fit to a 19-y dataset, we first demonstrate that climate-driven transmission alone is insufficient to explain three epidemics across the time series. We then use wavelet decomposition to highlight enhanced annual and multiannual synchronicity in dengue cycles between provinces in epidemic years, suggesting a role for climate in homogenizing dynamics across space and time. Assuming reported cases correspond to symptomatic secondary infections, we next use an age-structured catalytic model to estimate a declining force of infection for dengue through time, which elevates the mean age of reported cases in Cambodia. Reported cases in >70-y-old individuals in the 2019 epidemic are best explained when also allowing for waning multitypic immunity and repeat symptomatic infections in older patients. We support this work with phylogenetic analysis of 192 dengue virus (DENV) genomes that we sequenced between 2019 and 2022, which document emergence of DENV-2 Cosmopolitan Genotype-II into Cambodia. This lineage demonstrates phylogenetic homogeneity across wide geographic areas, consistent with invasion behavior and in contrast to high phylogenetic diversity exhibited by endemic DENV-1. Finally, we simulate an age-structured, mechanistic model of dengue dynamics to demonstrate how expansion of an antigenically distinct lineage that evades preexisting multitypic immunity effectively reproduces the older-age infections witnessed in our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Brook
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Carly Rozins
- Department of Science, Technology, and Society, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Bohl
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892
| | - Vida Ahyong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Sophana Chea
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | | | - Rekol Huy
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Sreyngim Lay
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Rithea Leang
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Chanthap Lon
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Somnang Man
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Mengheng Oum
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Graham R Northrup
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892
| | - Andrea R Pacheco
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Daniel M Parker
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Katherine Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Michael Boots
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | | | - Christina Yek
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Jessica E Manning
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
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Liang Y, Dai X. The global incidence and trends of three common flavivirus infections (Dengue, yellow fever, and Zika) from 2011 to 2021. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1458166. [PMID: 39206366 PMCID: PMC11349664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Flavivirus pose a continued threat to global health, yet their worldwide burden and trends remain poorly quantified. We aimed to evaluate the global, regional, and national incidence of three common flavivirus infections (Dengue, yellow fever, and Zika) from 2011 to 2021. Methods Data on the number and rate of incidence for the three common flavivirus infection in 204 countries and territories were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. The estimated annual percent change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify the temporal trend during 2011-2016, 2016-2019, and 2019-2021, respectively. Results In 2021, an estimated 59,220,428 individuals were infected globally, comprising 58,964,185 cases of dengue, 86,509 cases of yellow fever, and 169,734 cases of Zika virus infection. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of the three common flavivirus infections increased by an annual average of 5.08% (95% CI 4.12 to 6.05) globally from 2011 to 2016, whereas decreased by an annual average of -8.37% (95% CI -12.46 to -4.08) per year between 2016 to 2019. The ASIR remained stable during 2019-2021, with an average change of 0.69% (95% CI -0.96 to 2.37) per year globally for the three common flavivirus infections. Regionally, the burden of the three common flavivirus infections was primarily concentrated in those regions with middle income, such as South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Tropical Latin America. Additionally, at the country level, there was an inverted "U" relationship between the SDI level and the ASI. Notably, an increase in the average age of infected cases has been observed worldwide, particularly in higher-income regions. Conclusion Flavivirus infections are an expanding public health concern worldwide, with considerable regional and demographic variation in the incidence. Policymakers and healthcare providers must stay vigilant regarding the impact of COVID-19 and other environmental factors on the risk of flavivirus infection and be prepared for potential future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Liang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Engineering Technology Research Center of Clinical Biobank and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Granados-Echegoyen C, Campos-Ruiz JA, Pérez-Pacheco R, Vásquez-López A, Vera-Reyes I, Arroyo-Balán F, Santillán-Fernández A, Villanueva-Sánchez E, Villanueva-Verduzco C, Fonseca-Muñoz A, Diego-Nava F, Wang Y. Preliminary Bioactivity Assessment of Myrothecium Species (Stachybotryaceae) Crude Extracts against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): A First Approach from This Phytopathogenic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:466. [PMID: 39057351 PMCID: PMC11277721 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes, as insect vectors, play a crucial role in transmitting viruses and parasites, leading to millions of human deaths in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of three species within the genus Myrothecium (M. roridum, M. dimerum, and M. nivale) on Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae to assess the inhibitory effect on growth and development, as well as to determine mortality. We quantify the average lethal concentrations and provide a qualitative characterization of the chemical groups responsible for their potential. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the ethanolic extracts of the three fungal species. Tannins were found only in the extracts of M. dimerum and M. roridum. We observed a clear dependence of the effects of the crude extracts on mosquito larvae on the concentrations used and the duration of exposure. The toxic effect was observed after 48 h at a concentration of 800 ppm for both M. dimerum and M. nivale, while M. roridum showed effectiveness after 72 h. All three species within the genus Myrothecium exhibited 100% biological activity after 72 h of exposure at 600 ppm. At lower concentrations, there was moderate growth and development inhibitory activity in the insect life cycle. The study highlights the effectiveness of crude Myrothecium extracts in combating mosquito larvae, with effects becoming apparent between 48 and 72 h of exposure. This initial approach underscores the potential of the fungus's secondary metabolites for further in-depth analysis of their individual effects or synergies between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Abimael Campos-Ruiz
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad para el Bienestar Benito Juárez García Oaxaca, Zaachila 71250, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Pérez-Pacheco
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Mexico; (R.P.-P.); (A.V.-L.)
| | - Alfonso Vásquez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Mexico; (R.P.-P.); (A.V.-L.)
| | - Ileana Vera-Reyes
- Biosciences and Agrotechnology Department, CONAHCYT-Center for Research in Applied Chemistry, Saltillo 25294, Mexico;
| | - Fabián Arroyo-Balán
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Estudios en Desarrollo Sustentable y Aprovechamiento de la Vida Silvestre (CEDESU), Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, San Francisco de Campeche 24079, Mexico;
| | | | - Evert Villanueva-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, CONAHCYT-Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico;
| | | | - Alicia Fonseca-Muñoz
- Facultad de Sistemas Biológicos e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico;
| | - Fidel Diego-Nava
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Mexico; (R.P.-P.); (A.V.-L.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA;
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Phadungsombat J, Nakayama EE, Shioda T. Unraveling Dengue Virus Diversity in Asia: An Epidemiological Study through Genetic Sequences and Phylogenetic Analysis. Viruses 2024; 16:1046. [PMID: 39066210 PMCID: PMC11281397 DOI: 10.3390/v16071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of dengue. Although most infected individuals are asymptomatic or present with only mild symptoms, severe manifestations could potentially devastate human populations in tropical and subtropical regions. In hyperendemic regions such as South Asia and Southeast Asia (SEA), all four DENV serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) have been prevalent for several decades. Each DENV serotype is further divided into multiple genotypes, reflecting the extensive diversity of DENV. Historically, specific DENV genotypes were associated with particular geographical distributions within endemic regions. However, this epidemiological pattern has changed due to urbanization, globalization, and climate change. This review comprehensively traces the historical and recent genetic epidemiology of DENV in Asia from the first time DENV was identified in the 1950s to the present. We analyzed envelope sequences from a database covering 16 endemic countries across three distinct geographic regions in Asia. These countries included Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from South Asia; Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam from Mainland SEA; and Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore from Maritime SEA. Additionally, we describe the phylogenetic relationships among DENV genotypes within each serotype, along with their geographic distribution, to enhance the understanding of DENV dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.P.); (E.E.N.)
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Sarker R, Roknuzzaman ASM, Haque MA, Islam MR, Kabir ER. Upsurge of dengue outbreaks in several WHO regions: Public awareness, vector control activities, and international collaborations are key to prevent spread. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2034. [PMID: 38655420 PMCID: PMC11035754 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue, the world's fastest-growing vector-borne disease, has skyrocketed in the 21st century. Dengue has harmed human health since its first known cases among Spanish soldiers in the Philippines to its 21st-century outbreaks in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas. In light of the current circumstances, it is imperative to investigate its origin and prevalence, enabling the implementation of effective interventions to curb the upsurge. Methods Our study examines the history of dengue outbreaks, and evolving impact on public health, aiming to offer valuable insights for a more resilient public health response worldwide. In this comprehensive review, we incorporated data from renowned databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to provide a thorough analysis of dengue outbreaks. Results Recent dengue outbreaks are associated with rapid urbanization, international travel, climatic change, and socioeconomic factors. Rapid urbanization and poor urban design and sanitation have created mosquito breeding places for dengue vectors. Also, international travel and trade have spread the pathogen. Climate change in the past two decades has favored mosquito habitats and outbreaks. Socioeconomic differences have also amplified the impact of dengue outbreaks on vulnerable communities. Dengue mitigation requires vector control, community engagement, healthcare strengthening, and international cooperation. Conclusion Climate change adaptation and urban planning are crucial. Although problems remain, a comprehensive vector control and community involvement plan may reduce dengue epidemics and improve public health in our interconnected world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapty Sarker
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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Odio C, Yek C, Hasund CM, Man S, Ly P, Nhek S, Chea S, Lon C, Voirin C, Huy R, Leang R, Huch C, Oliveira LF, Manning JE, Katzelnick LC. Immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses impacts dengue virus IgG ELISA specificity in Cambodia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.17.23298701. [PMID: 38076831 PMCID: PMC10705617 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.23298701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Seroprevalence studies are the gold standard for disease surveillance, and serology was used to determine eligibility for the first licensed dengue vaccine. However, expanding flavivirus endemicity, co-circulation, and vaccination complicate serology results. Among 713 healthy Cambodian children, a commonly used indirect dengue virus IgG ELISA (PanBio) had a lower specificity than previously reported (94% vs. 100%). Of those with false positive PanBio results, 46% had detectable neutralizing antibodies against other flaviviruses, with the highest frequency against West Nile virus (WNV). Immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses can impact dengue surveillance and potentially pre-vaccine screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Odio
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christina Yek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chloe M. Hasund
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Somnang Man
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Piseth Ly
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreynik Nhek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophana Chea
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanthap Lon
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Charlie Voirin
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rekol Huy
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rithea Leang
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chea Huch
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - L. Fabiano Oliveira
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jessica E. Manning
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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