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Taxoids-rich extract from Taxus wallichiana alleviates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice through inhibition of low-grade inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:451-464. [PMID: 36595125 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The needle powder of Taxus wallichiana is in use for the management of diabetes and inflammation-related complications in the Indian and Chinese Systems of Traditional Medicine but the lack of proper pharmacological intervention has prompted us to investigate the pharmacological mechanism against inflammation-induced insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Hexane (Tw-H), chloroform (Tw-C), and ethyl acetate (Tw-EA) extracts were prepared from a needle of T. wallichiana and its effect on glucose uptake against TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells was studied. Among all, Tw-EA extract has shown promising glucose uptake potential. Tw-EA treatment is also able to decrease the lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Chemical signature of Tw-EA using HPLC showed the presence of taxoids. Efficacy of taxoids-rich extract from T. wallichiana (Tw-EA) was further validated in in vivo system against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice. Oral treatment of Tw-EA showed significant reduction in blood glucose, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and body weight gain when compared with vehicle-treated HFD-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry study in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue revealed that oral treatment of Tw-EA is able to reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in skeletal muscles, ameliorate the hypertrophy in adipose tissue and upregulate the GLUT4 protein expression. Treatment with Tw-EA significantly up-regulated mRNA expression of insulin signaling pathway (IRS-1, PI3K, AKT, GLUT 4). This study suggested the beneficial effect of taxoids-rich extract from Taxus wallichiana against the inflammation-associated insulin resistance condition.
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Karacaoğlu E. Flusilazole Induced Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Neuronal Growth in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells by All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (Atra). Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:597-603. [PMID: 34719187 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.30676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Flusilazole (FLUS) is a broad-spectrum organosilicon triazole fungicide used for protecting economically important cereals and orchard fruits. Considering the exposure route of pesticides, pesticide contamination of food is inevitable. Furthermore, excessive exposure to pesticides causes health problems in both target and non-target organisms. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of the triazole fungicide FLUS on cytotoxicity and neurite extension in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Materials and Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated into mature neurons using 10-µM all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment for 7 days. Then the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 50, 100 and 200 μM FLUS for 24 h. Afterwards, cell viability assays were performed including crystal violet, neutral red cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays. The morphological examinations were performed and neurite lenghts of the cells were measured in all experimental groups. Results FLUS treatment induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with RA. Significant decreases in cell viability percentages were observed. Furthermore, neurite lengths were negatively affected by the treatment of FLUS at the highest concentration. Conclusion FLUS is a fungicide widely used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. However, the intensive use of these compounds causes a potential risk to human and environmental health. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that high concentrations of FLUS cause neurotoxicity by causing neural cell death and adverse effects on neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. FLUS exposure can cause neuronal degeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karacaoğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
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Sagbo IJ, Otang-Mbeng W. Plants Used for the Traditional Management of Cancer in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: A Review of Ethnobotanical Surveys, Ethnopharmacological Studies and Active Phytochemicals. Molecules 2021; 26:4639. [PMID: 34361790 PMCID: PMC8347031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer occurrence is rapidly increasing all over the world, including in developing countries. The current trend in cancer management requires the use of herbal remedies since the majority of anticancer drugs are known to be costly, with unwanted side effects. In the Eastern Cape province, the use of medicinal plants for cancer management has been climbing steadily over the past two decades due to their cultural belief, low cost, efficacy, and safety claims. With the aim of identifying some potential anticancer plants for probable drug development, this study was undertaken to review plants reported by ethnobotanical surveys in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa for the traditional management of cancer. Information regarding plants used for cancer management in the Eastern Cape province was obtained from multidisciplinary databases and ethnobotanical books. About 24 plant species belonging to twenty families have been reported to be used for the traditional management of cancer in the Eastern Cape province. Among the anticancer plant species, only 16 species have been explored scientifically for their anticancer activities. This review authenticated the use of anticancer plant species in the Eastern Cape province and, therefore, identified several promising unexplored species for further scientific evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Jonas Sagbo
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa;
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Wickramasinghe ASD, Kalansuriya P, Attanayake AP. Herbal Medicines Targeting the Improved β-Cell Functions and β-Cell Regeneration for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:2920530. [PMID: 34335803 PMCID: PMC8298154 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2920530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing trend of investigating natural bioactive compounds targeting pancreatic β-cells for the prevention/treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). With the exploration of multiple mechanisms by which β-cells involve in the pathogenesis of DM, herbal medicines are gaining attention due to their multitasking ability as evidenced by traditional medicine practices. This review attempts to summarize herbal medicines with the potential for improvement of β-cell functions and regeneration as scientifically proven by in vivo/in vitro investigations. Furthermore, attempts have been made to identify the mechanisms of improving the function and regeneration of β-cells by herbal medicines. Relevant data published from January 2009 to March 2020 were collected by searching electronic databases "PubMed," "ScienceDirect," and "Google Scholar" and studied for this review. Single herbal extracts, polyherbal mixtures, and isolated compounds derived from approximately 110 medicinal plants belonging to 51 different plant families had been investigated in recent years and found to be targeting β-cells. Many herbal medicines showed improvement of β-cell function as observed through homeostatic model assessment-β-cell function (HOMA-β). Pancreatic β-cell regeneration as observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical studies in terms of increase of size and number of functional β-cells was also prominent. Increasing β-cell mass via expression of genes/proteins related to antiapoptotic actions and β-cell neogenesis/proliferation, increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via activating glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) receptors, and/or increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels were observed upon treatment of some herbal medicines. Some herbal medicines acted on various insulin signaling pathways. Furthermore, many herbal medicines showed protective effects on β-cells via reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, there are many unexplored avenues. Thus, further investigations are warranted in elucidating mechanisms of improving β-cell function and mass by herbal medicines, their structure-activity relationship (SAR), and toxicities of these herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pabasara Kalansuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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Derici GE, Özdaş S, Canatar İ, Koç M. Antidiabetic activities of Bolanthus spergulifolius (Caryophyllaceae) extracts on insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252707. [PMID: 34133443 PMCID: PMC8208533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with chronic hyperglycemia featured by metabolic outcomes owing to insufficient insulin secretion and/or insulin effect defect. It is critical to investigate new therapeutic approaches for T2DM and alternative, natural agents that target molecules in potential signal pathways. Medicinal plants are significant resources in the research of alternative new drug active ingredients. Bolanthus spergulifolius (B. spergulifolius) is one of the genera of the family Caryophyllaceae. In this study, it was explored the potential anti-diabetic effects in vitro of B. spergulifolius extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The total phenolic contents (TPC) of methanolic (MeOH), ethyl acettate (EA) and aqueous extracts of B. spergulifolius were evaluated via Folin-Ciocateau. B. spergulifolius extracts showing highly TPC (Aqueous< MeOH< EA) and their different concentrations were carried out on preadipocytes differentiated in to mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes to investigate their half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) value by using Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The IC50 of MeOH, EA and Aqueous extracts were observed as 305.7 ± 5.583 μg/mL, 567.4 ± 3.008 μg/mL, and 418.3 ± 4.390 μg/mL and used for further experiments. A live/dead assay further confirmed the cytotoxic effects of MeOH, EA and Aqueous extracts (respectively, 69.75 ± 1.70%, 61.75 ± 1.70%, 70 ± 4.24%, and for all p< 0.05). Also, effects of extracts on lipid accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated by Oil-Red O staining assay. The extracts effectively decreased lipid-accumulation compared to untreated adipocytes (for all p< 0.05). Moreover, effect of extracts on apoptosis regulated by the Bax and Bcl-2 was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The extracts significantly induced apoptosis by up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bax expression but down-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression compared to untreated adipocytes (for all p< 0.05). The Glut-4 expression linked with insulin resistance was determined by qRT-PCR, Western-blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. In parallel, the expression of Glut-4 in adipocytes treated with extracts was significantly higher compared to untreated adipocytes (for all p< 0.05). Extracts significantly suppressed cell migration after 30 h of wounding in a scratch-assay (for all p< 0.05). Cell morphology and diameter were further evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Immunofluorescence with F-Actin and Giemsa staining. The adipocytes treated with extracts partially lost spherical morphology and showed smaller cell-diameter compared to untreated adipocytes (for all p< 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that extracts of B. spergulifolius cause to an induce apoptosis, decrease lipid-accumulation, wound healing, up-regulating Glut-4 level and might contribute to reducing of insulin-resistance in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ece Derici
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alpaslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sibel Özdaş
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alpaslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - İpek Canatar
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alpaslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Murat Koç
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kumar GVN, Chitra V, Gupta P, Biswas B, Arya R. Preclinical updates of the homoeopathic medicines used in diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN HOMOEOPATHY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijrh.ijrh_96_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Aladejana AE, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ. In vitro evaluation of the anti-diabetic potential of Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt using HepG2 (C3A) and L6 cell lines. F1000Res 2020; 9:1240. [PMID: 33968374 PMCID: PMC8080987 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26855.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt has been listed in a survey of plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. In this study, the antidiabetic potentials of ethanol, cold aqueous (CAQ) and boiled aqueous (BAQ) extracts of H. petiolare were investigated. Methods: The cytotoxic and glucose utilization effects of the extracts were evaluated using L6 myocytes and HepG2 (C3A) hepatocytes. α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase inhibition assays were also carried out. Results: The ethanol extract showed significant cytotoxic effects in the treated cells. Both BAQ and CAQ extracts significantly increased glucose uptake in L6 and C3A cell lines. The CAQ extract enhanced glucose uptake more in the L6 myocytes than in the C3A cell-lines hepatocytes. The BAQ extract showed higher levels of inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase than CAQ. The activities were not significantly different from acarbose. However, BAQ showed lower lipase inhibition than acarbose (p<0.05). Conclusions: The BAQ and CAQ extracts of H. petiolare may, therefore, contain pharmacologically active and relatively non-toxic hypoglycaemic chemicals, which may be effective substitutes in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale Emmanuel Aladejana
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Graeme Bradley
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
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Aladejana AE, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ. In vitro evaluation of the anti-diabetic potential of Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt using HepG2 (C3A) and L6 cell lines. F1000Res 2020; 9:1240. [PMID: 33968374 PMCID: PMC8080987 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26855.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt has been listed in a survey of plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. In this study, the antidiabetic potentials of ethanol, cold aqueous (CAQ) and boiled aqueous (BAQ) extracts of H. petiolare were investigated. Methods: The cytotoxic and glucose utilization effects of the extracts were evaluated using L6 myocytes and HepG2 (C3A) hepatocytes. α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase inhibition assays were also carried out. Results: The ethanol extract showed significant cytotoxic effects in the treated cells. Both BAQ and CAQ extracts significantly increased glucose uptake in L6 and C3A cell lines. The CAQ extract enhanced glucose uptake more in the L6 myocytes than in the C3A cell-lines hepatocytes. The BAQ extract showed higher levels of inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase than CAQ. The activities were not significantly different from acarbose. However, BAQ showed lower lipase inhibition than acarbose (p<0.05). Conclusions: The BAQ and CAQ extracts of H. petiolare may, therefore, contain pharmacologically active and relatively non-toxic hypoglycaemic chemicals, which may be effective substitutes in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale Emmanuel Aladejana
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Graeme Bradley
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
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Nyakudya TT, Tshabalala T, Dangarembizi R, Erlwanger KH, Ndhlala AR. The Potential Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112669. [PMID: 32526850 PMCID: PMC7321241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are characterized by low physical activity and the consumption of high-energy diets contributes to MetS development. Current management criteria for MetS risk factors involve changes in lifestyle and the use of pharmacological agents that target specific biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Pharmaceutical drugs are usually expensive and are associated with several undesirable side effects. Alternative management strategies of MetS risk factors involve the use of medicinal plants that are considered to have multiple therapeutic targets and are easily accessible. Medicinal plants contain several different biologically active compounds that provide health benefits. The impact of phytochemicals present in local medicinal plants on sustainable health and well-being of individuals has been studied for many years and found to involve a plethora of complex biochemical, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. While some of these phytochemicals are the basis of mainstream prescribed drugs (e.g., metformin, reserpine, quinine, and salicin), there is a need to identify more medicinal plants that can be used for the management of components of MetS and to describe their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we assess the potential health benefits of South African ethnomedicinal plants in protecting against the development of health outcomes associated with MetS. We aim to provide the state of the current knowledge on the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutically important phytochemicals by discussing the current trends, with critical examples from recent primary references of how medicinal plants are being used in South African rural and urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T. Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Thulani Tshabalala
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Rachael Dangarembizi
- Department of Human Biology Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Green Technologies Research Centre of Excellence, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-15-268-2190
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