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Sekar V, Vedhachalam D, Vb A, Sivaraman S, Janakarajan V, Sethuraman S, Shiroor SG, Geoffroy JMM. Combating Alcohol Adduct Impurity in Immunosuppressant Drug Product Manufacturing: A Scientific Investigation for Enhanced Process Control. Pharm Res 2024; 41:983-1006. [PMID: 38561580 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aims to elucidate critical impurities in process validation batches of tacrolimus injection formulations, focusing on identification and characterization of previously unreported impurity at RRT 0.42, identified as the tacrolimus alcohol adduct. The potential root causes for the formation of new impurity was determined using structured risk assessment by cause and effect fishbone diagram. The primary objective was to propose mitigation plan and demonstrate the control of impurities with 6 month accelerated stability results in development batches. METHODS The investigation utilizes method validation and characterization studies to affirm the accuracy of quantifying the tacrolimus alcohol adduct. The research methodology employed different characterization techniques like rotational rheometer, ICP‒MS, MALDI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT-135 NMR for structural elucidation. Additionally, the exact mass of the impurity is validated using electrospray ionization mass spectra. RESULTS Results indicate successful identification and characterization of the tacrolimus alcohol adduct. The study further explores the transformation of Tacrolimus monohydrate under various conditions, unveiling the formation of Tacrolimus hydroxy acid and proposing the existence of a novel degradation product, the Tacrolimus alcohol adduct. Six-month data from development lots utilizing Manufacturing Process II demonstrate significantly lower levels of alcohol adducts. CONCLUSIONS Manufacturing Process II, selectively locates Tacrolimus within the micellar core of HCO-60, this prevent direct contact of ethanol with Tacrolimus which minimizes impurity alcohol adduct formation. This research contributes to the understanding of tacrolimus formulations, offering ways to safeguard product integrity and stability during manufacturing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthakumar Sekar
- Pfizer Healthcare India Private Limited, Medicinal Sciences-Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Pfizer Research & Development, 8th Floor, Block C, IIT Madras Research Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai, India, 600113.
| | - Devarajan Vedhachalam
- Pfizer Healthcare India Private Limited, Medicinal Sciences-Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Pfizer Research & Development, 8th Floor, Block C, IIT Madras Research Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai, India, 600113
| | - ArunKumar Vb
- Pfizer Healthcare India Private Limited, Medicinal Sciences-Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Pfizer Research & Development, 8th Floor, Block C, IIT Madras Research Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai, India, 600113
| | - Sivananthan Sivaraman
- Pfizer Healthcare India Private Limited, Medicinal Sciences-Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Pfizer Research & Development, 8th Floor, Block C, IIT Madras Research Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai, India, 600113
| | - Venkatakrishnan Janakarajan
- Pfizer Healthcare India Private Limited, Medicinal Sciences-Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Pfizer Research & Development, 8th Floor, Block C, IIT Madras Research Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai, India, 600113
| | - Sai Sethuraman
- Pfizer Healthcare India Private Limited, Medicinal Sciences-Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Pfizer Research & Development, 8th Floor, Block C, IIT Madras Research Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai, India, 600113
| | - Sandeep G Shiroor
- Pfizer, Medicinal Sciences-Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Pfizer Research & Development, 375 North Field Drive, Lake Forest, Illinois, 60045, USA
| | - Jean-Marie M Geoffroy
- Pfizer, Medicinal Sciences-Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Pfizer Research & Development, 375 North Field Drive, Lake Forest, Illinois, 60045, USA
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Golsanamlu Z, Soleymani J, Gharekhani A, Jouyban A. In-situ preparation of norepinephrine-functionalized silver nanoparticles and application for colorimetric detection of tacrolimus in plasma samples. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18404. [PMID: 37576308 PMCID: PMC10412875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (Tac) is a well-documented immunosuppressive agent for the prevention of graft-vs-host diseases in several types of organ transplants. The narrow therapeutic window and the individual-variable pharmacokinetics of Tac demonstrate the importance of regular therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) as an imperative concept for its oral medication regimens. A simple, one-step, selective, and sensitive colorimetric platform is fabricated for the determination of Tac by surface modification of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via norepinephrine (NE) molecules. The attachment of NE and Tac induces the aggregation of the AgNPs, which is observed by color distinction (yellow to brown) and a noteworthy shifting of the absorption peak in the visible region. The fabricated nanoprobe can detect Tac concentrations in plasma samples in two linear ranges from 2 ng/mL to 70 ng/mL and 70 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL with R2 > 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as low as 0.1 ng/mL. The developed method was applied for the determination of Tac in patient's plasma samples under Tac medication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Golsanamlu
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Gharekhani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Sina Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Recent advances in novel formulation approaches for tacrolimus delivery in treatment of various ocular diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Physicochemical Stability of a Novel Tacrolimus Ophthalmic Formulation for the Treatment of Ophthalmic Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010118. [PMID: 35057013 PMCID: PMC8778879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant used to treat a large variety of inflammatory or immunity-mediated ophthalmic diseases. However, there are currently no commercial industrial forms available that can provide relief to patients. Various ophthalmic formulations have been reported in the literature, but their stability has only been tested over short periods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical stability of a preservative-free tacrolimus formulation (0.2 and 1 mg/mL) at three storage temperatures (5 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C) for up to nine months in a multidose eyedropper. Analyses performed were the following: visual inspection and chromaticity, turbidity, viscosity, size of micelles, osmolality and pH measurements, tacrolimus quantification by a stability-indicating liquid chromatography method, breakdown product research, and sterility assay. In an in-use study, tacrolimus quantification was also performed on the drops emitted from the eyedroppers. All tested parameters remained stable during the nine month period when the eyedrops were stored at 5 °C. However, during storage at 25 °C and 35 °C, several signs of chemical instability were detected. Furthermore, a leachable compound originating from a silicone part of the eyedropper was detected during the in-use assay. Overall, the 0.2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL tacrolimus ophthalmic solutions were physicochemically stable for up to nine months when stored at 5 °C.
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Badr MY, Abdulrahman NS, Schatzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. A polymeric aqueous tacrolimus formulation for topical ocular delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Characterization and demonstration of drug compound ring-chain tautomer formation and its impacts on quality control. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:114020. [PMID: 33740606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unknown chromatographic peaks, potential impurities, were observed in a series of related compounds. This led to the identification and characterization of tautomeric equilibria. Structural elucidation was required to understand the potential impurity profile, thus impacting method development for quality control. In this work, characterization of the chemical structures, AZ13581258 and AZD5718, and equilibria of the tautomeric forms was performed using a range of advanced analytical techniques such as preparative chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), chromatographic detection by mass spectrometry (MS), MSMS, and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV). Predictions using density functional theory (DFT) further explains and confirms the tautomer equilibria through predictions of reaction barrier energies, UV-spectra and NMR data. These investigations led to fully understand the impurity profile and to the development of a quality control method for AZD5718 drug substance and drug product. In conclusion, ring-chain tautomeric structures are predominately formed under acidic conditions, and the additional peaks observed in LC during organic impurity determination were found to originate from ring-chain closed tautomers in equilibria with the parent open form compound. Hence, the closed and open tautomer forms should all be considered as the same compound.
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Gao GF, Ashtikar M, Kojima R, Yoshida T, Kaihara M, Tajiri T, Shanehsazzadeh S, Modh H, Wacker MG. Predicting drug release and degradation kinetics of long-acting microsphere formulations of tacrolimus for subcutaneous injection. J Control Release 2021; 329:372-384. [PMID: 33271202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Today, tacrolimus represents a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy for liver and kidney transplants and remains subject of preclinical and clinical investigations, aiming at the development of long-acting depot formulations for subcutaneous injection. One major challenge arises from establishing in vitro-in vivo correlations due to the absence of meaningful in vitro methods predictive for the in vivo situation, together with a strong impact of multiple kinetic processes on the plasma concentration-time profile. In the present approach, two microsphere formulations were compared with regards to their in vitro release and degradation characteristics. A novel biorelevant medium provided the physiological ion and protein background. Release was measured using the dispersion releaser technology under accelerated conditions. A release of 100% of the drug from the carrier was achieved within 7 days. The capability of the in vitro performance assay was verified by the level A in vitro-in vivo correlation analysis. The contributions of in vitro drug release, drug degradation, diffusion rate and lymphatic transport to the absorption process were quantitatively investigated by means of a mechanistic modelling approach. The degradation rate, together with release and diffusion characteristics provides an estimate of the bioavailability and therefore can be a guide to future formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Fiona Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mukul Ashtikar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ryo Kojima
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 180, Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Takatsune Yoshida
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 180, Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Masanori Kaihara
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 180, Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tajiri
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 180, Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Saeed Shanehsazzadeh
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Harshvardhan Modh
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yu H, Rong S, Gao H, Meng L, Dai J, Pan H, Chang D. Spherical carrier amplification strategy for electrochemical immunosensor based on polystyrene-gold nanorods @L-cysteine/MoS2 for determination of tacrolimus. Talanta 2020; 220:121321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Prajapati M, Eiriksson FF, Loftsson T. Stability characterization, kinetics and mechanism of tacrolimus degradation in cyclodextrin solutions. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119579. [PMID: 32599134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus is a macrolide lactone and potent immunosuppressant. It is highly lipophilic and has very limited aqueous solubility. Tacrolimus is highly susceptible to hydrolysis which results in very limited stability in aqueous solutions. Besides this, tacrolimus also undergoes dehydration and epimerization. Cyclodextrin (CD) complexation can increase the solubility and stability of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous solutions through the formation of drug/CD complexes. The aim of this study was to investigate degradation kinetics, mechanism and stability of tacrolimus in aqueous CD solutions, with the ultimate goal of developing an aqueous vehicle for ophthalmic delivery. For this, phase-solubility and kinetic studies in aqueous solutions containing different CDs at different pH values were performed. Mass spectrometry studies were also performed to elucidate the degradation mechanism of the drug in aqueous CD solution. The study showed that the drug has maximum stability between pH 4 and 6 and hydrolysis was the main cause of tacrolimus degradation in aqueous 2-hydroxypropyl-βCD (HPβCD) solutions. βCD and its derivatives were the better CD solubilizers for tacrolimus. The solubility and stability studies were further conducted with CD and surfactants, which is tyloxapol, tween 80 and poloxamer 407, where the combination provided better results compared to individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prajapati
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Tao C, Huo T, Zhang M, Chen Z, Zhang X, Song H. Evaluation of the stability and absorption of tacrolimus self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of tacrolimus in minipig whole blood. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:519-532. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tacrolimus, a potent immunosuppressant drug widely used systemically to reduce the risk of organ rejection in transplants, has been repositioned for topical treatment of atopic dermatitis. Results & methodology: This work describes the optimization of a new method for the determination of tacrolimus in whole blood after topical administration. Sample treatment consisted of an automated procedure based on protein precipitation followed by solid-phase extraction. The present method showed good performance with quantitation limits of 10 pg ml-1 and intra- and interday precision and accuracy lower than 15 and 10%, respectively. Conclusion: A new highly sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method has been developed enabling a better characterization of the minipig blood plasma pharmacokinetic behavior of tacrolimus after topical administration.
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