The potential therapeutic role of Camel Milk Exosomes

Development and application of a 1K functional liquid chip for lactation performance in Bactrian camels

Introduction

The advancement of high-throughput, high-quality, flexible, and cost-effective genotyping platforms is crucial for the progress of dairy breeding in Bactrian camels. This study focuses on developing and evaluating a 1K functional liquid single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array specifically designed for milk performance in Bactrian camels.

Methods

We utilized RNA sequencing data from 125 lactating camels to identify and select 1,002 loci associated with milk production traits for inclusion in the SNP array. The array's performance was then assessed using 24 randomly selected camels. Additionally, the array was employed to genotype 398 individuals, which allowed for population validation to assess the polymorphism of SNP sites.

Results

The SNP array demonstrated high overall SNP call rates (> 99%) and a remarkable 100% consistency in genotyping. Population validation results indicate that camels from six breeding areas in Northwest China share a similar genetic background regarding lactation functionality.

Discussion

This study highlights the potential of the SNP array to accelerate the breeding process of lactating Bactrian camels and provides a robust technical foundation for improving lactation performance.

Food-derived vesicles as immunomodulatory drivers: Current knowledge, gaps, and perspectives

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound membrane vesicles released from cells, containing active compounds, which can be found in different foods. In this review, the role of food-derived vesicles (FDVs) as immunomodulatory drivers is summarized, with a focus on sources, isolation techniques and yields, as well as bioavailability and potential health implications. In addition, gaps and perspectives detected in this research field have been highlighted. FDVs have been efficiently extracted from different sources, and differential ultracentrifugation seems to be the most adequate isolation technique, with yields ranging from 108 to 1014 EV particles/mL. Animal studies show promising results in how these FDVs might regulate different pathways related to inflammation. Further investigation on the production of stable components in a cost-effective way, as well as human studies demonstrating safety and health-promoting properties, since scarce information has been reported until now, in the context of modulating the immune system are needed.

Effects of Supplementing Quails' (Coturnix japonica) Diets with a Blend of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Oils on Growth Performance and Health Aspects

In an attempt to discover a safe growth promoter and partial alternative for antibiotics, this existing study explores the efficacy of using assorted levels of cold-pressed oil mixtures consisting of 1:1 clove and black cumin (Nigella sativa) oils (CLNS) against the indices of growth and carcass traits, as well as blood components of growing Japanese quails. In a complete randomized design, three hundred growing unsexed Japanese quails (one week of age) were included in this experiment. The treated groups were as follows: (1) control basal diet (CLNS0), (2) basal diet + 1.50 mL CLNS/kg diet (CLNS1.5), and (3) basal diet + 3.00 mL CLNS/kg diet (CLNS3). The results showed that supplementing the diet with a 3.00 mL CLNS/kg diet insignificantly improved body weight (BW) compared with the CLNS0 and CLNS1.5 groups. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake and feed conversion ratio—FCR— (deterioration of feed conversion) were reported after the addition of CLNS. Feeding the quails on a 3.00 mL CLNS/kg enriched-diet yielded superior values of dressing percentage, carcass yield, and breast and thigh relative weights compared to other groups. A significant decline was noticed in creatinine and BUN levels in birds fed a 1.50 and 3.00 mL CLNS/kg diet compared with the CLNS0 group The liver enzymes and total bilirubin activities showed insignificant effects in quails fed CLNS-enriched diets. The total protein and globulins concentrations presented a significant augment in quails that received CLNS. The antiradical activity of CLNS supplementation showed increases in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) activity and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, glutathione S transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) in birds. The concentration of MDA in hepatic homogenates that received CLNS-diets was significantly decreased compared with the control quails. These findings clarified that the dietary inclusion of CLNS can enhance the growth performance and antioxidative status of growing Japanese quails.