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Koh YC, Ho CT, Pan MH. The Role of Mitochondria in Phytochemically Mediated Disease Amelioration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6775-6788. [PMID: 37125676 PMCID: PMC10178808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may cause cell death, which has recently emerged as a cancer prevention and treatment strategy mediated by chemotherapy drugs or phytochemicals. However, most existing drugs cannot target cancerous cells and may adversely affect normal cells via side effects. Mounting studies have revealed that phytochemicals such as resveratrol could ameliorate various diseases with dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria. For instance, resveratrol can regulate mitophagy, inhibit oxidative stress and preserve membrane potential, induce mitochondrial biogenesis, balance mitochondrial fusion and fission, and enhance the functionality of the electron transport chain. However, there are only a few studies suggesting that phytochemicals could potentially protect against the cytotoxicity of some current cancer drugs, especially those that damage mitochondria. Besides, COVID-19 and long COVID have also been reported to be correlated to mitochondrial dysfunction. Curcumin has been reported bringing a positive impact on COVID-19 and long COVID. Therefore, in this study, the benefits of resveratrol and curcumin to be applied for cancer treatment/prevention and disease amelioration were reviewed. Besides, this review also provides some perspectives on phytochemicals to be considered as a treatment adjuvant for COVID-19 and long COVID by targeting mitochondrial rescue. Hopefully, this review can provide new insight into disease treatment with phytochemicals targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department
of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University
Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department
of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia
University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Cranial and Odontological Methods for Sex Estimation—A Scoping Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091273. [PMID: 36143950 PMCID: PMC9505889 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of sex from osteological and dental records has long been an interdisciplinary field of dentistry, forensic medicine and anthropology alike, as it concerns all the above mentioned specialties. The aim of this article is to review the current literature regarding methods used for sex estimation based on the skull and the teeth, covering articles published between January 2015 and July 2022. New methods and new approaches to old methods are constantly emerging in this field, therefore resulting in the need to summarize the large amount of data available. Morphometric, morphologic and biochemical analysis were reviewed in living populations, autopsy cases and archaeological records. The cranial and odontological sex estimation methods are highly population-specific and there is a great need for these methods to be applied to and verified on more populations. Except for DNA analysis, which has a prediction accuracy of 100%, there is no other single method that can achieve such accuracy in predicting sex from cranial or odontological records.
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Badania kopalnego DNA – możliwości i ograniczenia. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Ostatnie cztery dekady przyniosły znaczący rozwój archeologii molekularnej i badania nad kopalnym DNA (aDNA). Nowatorskie metody uwzględniają szeroki zakres badań, począwszy od sekwencjonowania niewielkich fragmentów mitochondrialnego DNA po wielkoskalowe badania całych populacji, łączące sekwencjonowanie genomów mitochondrialnych, genów podlegających doborowi naturalnemu, jak i całych genomów jądrowych. Postęp, zwłaszcza w dziedzinie technologii sekwencjonowania DNA, umożliwił pozyskanie informacji ze szczątków paleontologicznych i materiału archeologicznego, umożliwiając zbadanie związków filogenetycznych między wymarłymi i współczesnymi gatunkami. Dzięki zastosowaniu technologii sekwencjonowania nowej generacji możliwe stało się poznanie sekwencji DNA nie tylko bezpośrednio ze szczątków ludzkich lub zwierzęcych, ale także z osadów sedymentacyjnych z głębin jezior oraz jaskiń. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości i ograniczenia występujące w badaniach nad kopalnym DNA ludzi, zwierząt czy bakterii z podkreśleniem wkładu polskich badaczy w rozwój tej dziedziny nauki.
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Mitochondrial DNA, a Powerful Tool to Decipher Ancient Human Civilization from Domestication to Music, and to Uncover Historical Murder Cases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050433. [PMID: 31075917 PMCID: PMC6562384 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are unique organelles carrying their own genetic material, independent from that in the nucleus. This review will discuss the nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and its levels in the cell, which are the key elements to consider when trying to achieve molecular identification in ancient and degraded samples. mtDNA sequence analysis has been appropriately validated and is a consistent molecular target for the examination of biological evidence encountered in forensic cases—and profiling, in certain conditions—especially for burnt bodies and degraded samples of all types. Exceptional cases and samples will be discussed in this review, such as mtDNA from leather in Beethoven’s grand piano, mtDNA in mummies, and solving famous historical criminal cases. In addition, this review will be discussing the use of ancient mtDNA to understand past human diet, to trace historical civilizations and ancient trade routes, and to uncover geographical domestication origins and lineage relationships. In each topic, we will present the power of mtDNA and how, in many cases, no nuclear DNA was left, leaving mitochondrial DNA analysis as a powerful alternative. Exploring this powerful tool further will be extremely useful to modern science and researchers, due to its capabilities in providing us with previously unattainable knowledge.
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Iwaszczuk U, Niderla-Bielińska J, Ścieżyńska A. Kings and peasants from El-Zuma/El-Detti microregion in the Early Makurian period. Economic aspects of animal bones from funerary contexts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212423. [PMID: 30768626 PMCID: PMC6377145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumuli fields at El-Zuma and El-Detti were dated to the 2nd phase of the Early Makurian period, c. AD 450–550. They represented three types of tombs of different sizes and structures. The animal remains from these graves were analyzed in the context of animal economy practiced by the people who lived in the vicinity of the burial sites. aDNA analysis was conducted for cattle remains to explain its origin and significance for the inhabitants of the region. The research showed agricultural nature of the settlement located to the north of the Nile Valley with a great importance of cattle and sheep breeding. It also indicated the northern direction of trade and cultural contacts of the society based in the El-Zuma/El-Detti microregion and the deep social stratification within this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Iwaszczuk
- Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Ścieżyńska
- Histology and Embryology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lv F, Qian G, You W, Lin H, Wang XF, Qiu GS, Jiang YS, Pang LX, Kang YM, Jia BF, Xu JZ, Yu Y. Variants in mitochondrial tRNA gene may not be associated with thyroid carcinoma. Balkan J Med Genet 2016; 18:59-64. [PMID: 27785398 PMCID: PMC5026273 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2015-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a very common form of endocrine system malignancy. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying thyroid cancer remains poorly understood. Studies of oncocytic tumors have led to a hypothesis which proposes that defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OX- PHOS) may result in a compensatory increase in mitochondrial replication and gene expression. As a result, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation analysis has become a useful tool to explore the molecular basis of this disease. Among these mutations, mitochondrial transfer RNAs (mttRNAs) are the hot spots for pathogenic mutations associated with thyroid cancer. However, due to its high mutation rate, the role of mt-tRNA variants in thyroid cancer is still controversial. To address this problem, in this study, we reassessed seven reported mt-tRNA variants: tRNAAsp G7521A, tRNAArg T10411C and T10463C, tRNALeu(CUN) A12308G, tRNAIle G4292C and C4312T, and tRNAAla T5655C, in clinical manifestations of thyroid cancer. We first performed the phylogenetic conservation analysis for these variants; moreover, we used a bioinformatic tool to compare the minimum free energy (G) of mt-tRNA with and without mutations. Most strikingly, none of these variants caused the significant change of the G between the wild-type and the mutant form, suggesting that they may not play an important roles in thyroid cancer. In addition, we screened the frequency of the “pathogenic” A12308G alternation in 300 patients with thyroid cancer and 200 healthy controls. We found that there were five patients and three control subjects carrying this variant. It seemed that the A12308G variant may be a common polymorphism in the human population. Taken together, our study indicated that variants in mt-tRNA genes may not play active roles in patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - G Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Xiangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - W You
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - H Lin
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - XF Wang
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - GS Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Xiangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - YS Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Xiangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - LX Pang
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - YM Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - BF Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - JZ Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University, Wenling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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