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Rossi F, Iannitto M, Hulaj B, Manocchio P, Gentile F, Matto ID, Paoletti M, Marino L, Ricchiuti L. Megaselia scalaris and Senotainia tricuspis Infesting Apis mellifera: Detection by Quantitative PCR, Genotyping, and Involvement in the Transmission of Microbial Pathogens. INSECTS 2024; 15:786. [PMID: 39452362 PMCID: PMC11508623 DOI: 10.3390/insects15100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
The Megaselia scalaris and Senotainia tricuspis parasitoid flies of the honeybee Apis mellifera were found to infest apiaries of different European and Mediterranean countries but their prevalence and impact on apiary health are little known. Therefore, in this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods were developed for their rapid detection directly in hive matrices. The newly developed qPCR assays were targeted at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for the M. scalaris and the cytochrome B (cytB) gene for the S. tricuspis. The tests were preliminarily applied to 64 samples of adult honeybees and hive debris collected in the Abruzzo and Molise regions, Central Italy, and the Republic of Kosovo showing that both flies occur in the two countries and more frequently in Italy. The positive apiaries in Italy were re-sampled by capturing viable forager bees and isolating emerging flies to carry out the genotyping and analyses aimed at defining if these flies can transmit honeybee pathogens. Genotyping based on the COI and cytB gene sequencing for M. scalaris and S. tricuspis, respectively, identified one S. tricuspis genotype and diverse genotypes of M. scalaris highly similar to those from distant countries. Some fly isolates harbored the DNA or RNA of honeybee microbial pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, deformed wing viruses A and B (DWVA and B), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic paralysis virus (CBPV), and Nosema ceranae. The results indicated that these parasites should be efficiently controlled in apiaries by using rapid detection methods to facilitate the large screening studies and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Rossi
- Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (P.M.); (F.G.); (I.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Martina Iannitto
- Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (P.M.); (F.G.); (I.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Beqe Hulaj
- Veterinary Laboratory, Food and Veterinary Agency, Industrial Zone, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo;
| | - Paola Manocchio
- Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (P.M.); (F.G.); (I.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Francesca Gentile
- Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (P.M.); (F.G.); (I.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Ilaria Del Matto
- Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (P.M.); (F.G.); (I.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Massimiliano Paoletti
- Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (P.M.); (F.G.); (I.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Lucio Marino
- Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (P.M.); (F.G.); (I.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Luciano Ricchiuti
- Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (P.M.); (F.G.); (I.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (L.R.)
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Tang Y, Li Q, Xiang L, Gu R, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Bai X, Niu X, Li T, Wei J, Pan G, Zhou Z. First Report on Megaselia scalaris Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Infestation of the Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010065. [PMID: 33450946 PMCID: PMC7828442 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda first emerged in China in 2019, and therefore the information on indigenous natural enemies of S. frugiperda has been limited in China. In this study, we reported that a dipteran species was observed to infest S. frugiperda collected from maize fields in four different regions of China. Further morphological and molecular recognition identified all the flies as Megaselia scalaris. The findings of this study will improve our understanding on natural enemies to S. frugiperda and potentially provide new ideas for integrated pest management strategies in China. Abstract The invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda first emerged in China in January 2019 and has, to date, migrated to 29 provinces and municipalities in China, causing heavy crop damage in large areas. As a response to this invasive species from the environment, some indigenous natural enemies have been discovered and reported after S. frugiperda invasion. In this paper, parasitic flies were collected and identified from S. frugiperda collected in the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Henan provinces and the Chongqing municipality in China. By using both conventional and molecular approaches, we were able to show that all the parasitic flies of S. frugiperda identified in the four regions were Megaselia. scalaris, and that they attacked the pest larvae and pupae. This is the first report on an indigenous Chinese Megaselia species that has parasitic ability against the invasive pest S. frugiperda, potentially providing new ideas for pest control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruocheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China; (Y.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Xingrong Bai
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China; (Y.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- Crop Seed Management Station of Chongqing, Chongqing 401121, China;
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (G.P.)
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (G.P.)
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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