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Eggers Carroll E, Kumar A, Romao P, Ross CL, Henderson W, Sharma AK. Spontaneous histopathology in New Zealand White rabbits: ten years of control data. J Toxicol Pathol 2024; 37:109-126. [PMID: 38962260 PMCID: PMC11219192 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The historical control database of a multinational laboratory services provider was queried for all histopathologic findings in New Zealand White rabbits which were used as control animals during a ten-year period (2011-2020). The query included all evaluated tissues, with or without microscopic findings, in studies conducted for safety testing for regulatory approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Agency (FDA) or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A second query included studies conducted in the United Kingdom for control rabbits used in studies compliant with the Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and/or the European Medicines Agency (EMA), which provide regulatory oversight in the United Kingdom and European Union, respectively. Infiltrates of inflammatory (mixed or mononuclear) cells were commonly noted in various organs including heart, digestive tract, muscle, thyroid, kidney, urinary bladder, eyelid, ocular structures, harderian gland, lacrimal gland, and lung. Mineralization was noted in aorta, kidney, urinary bladder, and ovary. Also noted were degeneration/necrosis in the myocardium, and intramuscular injection sites of the skin, degeneration/regeneration of muscle and diaphragm, ectopic tissue in the pancreas and thyroid, basophilic foci in salivary gland, increased/decreased vacuolation in adrenal gland, increased/decreased lymphocytic cellularity of lymph nodes, intrasinusoidal erythrocytes in lymph nodes, thymic atrophy, increased adipocytes in bone marrow, inflammatory cell foci in the liver and gall bladder, lacrimal gland atrophy, renal tubule basophilia, degeneration/regeneration, and dilatation; oviduct cyst; in the testis, degeneration/atrophy, cellular debris, dilatation, decreased sperm and segmental hypoplasia of seminiferous tubules; and squamous metaplasia of the testis and seminal vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Kumar
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Romao
- Labcorp Early Development, Barric Lane, Eye, IP23 7PX,
UK
| | - Catherine L. Ross
- Labcorp Early Development, Otley Road, Harrogate, North
Yorkshire, HG3 1PY, UK
| | | | - Alok K. Sharma
- Labcorp Early Development, 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, WI,
USA
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Dimitrov R, Stamatova-Yovcheva K. MRI Anatomical Investigation of Rabbit Bulbourethral Glands. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091519. [PMID: 37174556 PMCID: PMC10177450 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomical MRI is appropriate for the interpretation of soft tissue findings in the retroperitoneal part of the pelvic cavity. The aim of the current study was to use rabbits as an imaging model to optimize MRI protocols for the investigation of bulbourethral glands. The research was conducted on twelve clinically healthy, sexually mature male rabbits, eight months of age (New Zealand White), weighing 2.8 kg to 3.2 kg. Tunnel MRI equipment was used. The transverse MRI in the T2-weighted sequence obtained detailed images that were of higher anatomical contrast than those in T1-weighted sequences. The hyperintensity of the glandular findings at T2, compared to the adjacent soft tissues, was due to the content of secretory fluids. The quality of the anatomical tissue contrast has not shown much dependence on the choice of the sequence in dorsal MRI. The sagittal visualization of the rabbit bulbourethral glands corresponded to the localization of the research plane toward a median plane. The imaging results could be used as a morphological base for clinical practice and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosen Dimitrov
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Kamelia Stamatova-Yovcheva
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Wang Y, Abenojar EC, Wang J, de Leon AC, Tavri S, Wang X, Gopalakrishnan R, Walker E, MacLennan GT, Giles A, Czarnota GJ, Basilion JP, Exner AA. Development of a novel castration-resistant orthotopic prostate cancer model in New Zealand White rabbit. Prostate 2022; 82:695-705. [PMID: 35167141 PMCID: PMC8994852 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) models in mice and rats are limited by their size and lack of a clearly delineated or easily accessible prostate gland. The canine PCa model is currently the only large animal model which can be used to test new preclinical interventions but is costly and availability is sparse. As an alternative, we developed an orthotopic human prostate tumor model in an immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbit. Rabbits are phylogenetically closer to humans, their prostate gland is anatomically similar, and its size allows for clinically-relevant testing of interventions. METHODS Rabbits were immunosuppressed via injection of cyclosporine. Human PC3pipGFP PCa cells were injected into the prostate via either (a) laparotomy or (b) transabdominal ultrasound (US) guided injection. Tumor growth was monitored using US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging using nanobubbles and Lumason microbubbles was also performed to examine imaging features and determine the optimal contrast dose required for enhanced visualization of the tumor. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analyses of the collected tissues were performed to validate tumor morphology and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression. RESULTS Immunosuppression and tumor growth were, in general, well-tolerated by the rabbits. Fourteen out of 20 rabbits, with an average age of 8 months, successfully grew detectable tumors from Day 14 onwards after cell injection. The tumor growth rate was 39 ± 25 mm2 per week. CEUS and MRI of tumors appear hypoechoic and T2 hypointense, respectively, relative to normal prostate tissue. Minimally invasive US-guided tumor cell injection proved to be a better method compared to laparotomy due to the shorter recovery time required for the rabbits following injection. Among the rabbits that grew tumors, seven had tumors both inside and outside the prostate, three had tumors only inside the prostate, and four had tumors exclusively outside of the prostate. All tumors expressed the PSMA receptor. CONCLUSIONS We have established, for the first time, an orthotopic PCa rabbit model via percutaneous US-guided tumor cell inoculation. This animal model is an attractive, clinically relevant intermediate step to assess preclinical diagnostic and therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Eric C. Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Al C. de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sidhartha Tavri
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory T. MacLennan
- Department of Pathology and Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anoja Giles
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory J. Czarnota
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James P. Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Agata A. Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bradley AE, Wancket LM, Rinke M, Gruebbel MM, Saladino BH, Schafer K, Katsuta O, Garcia B, Chanut F, Hughes K, Nelson K, Himmel L, McInnes E, Schucker A, Uchida K. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:183S-292S. [PMID: 34712007 PMCID: PMC8544166 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.183s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of
Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North
America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to
provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most
tissues and organs from the laboratory rabbit used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of
the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature
presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant
infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized
international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide
a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different
countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among
toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alys E Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Begonya Garcia
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | - Franck Chanut
- Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brosselette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | - Lauren Himmel
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Adrienne Schucker
- American Preclinical Services, LLC, 8945 Evergreen Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55433
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Abdel-Wareth AAA, Al-Kahtani MA, Alsyaad KM, Shalaby FM, Saadeldin IM, Alshammari FA, Mobashar M, Suleiman MHA, Ali AHH, Taqi MO, El-Sayed HGM, El-Sadek MSA, Metwally AE, Ahmed AE. Combined Supplementation of Nano-Zinc Oxide and Thyme Oil Improves the Nutrient Digestibility and Reproductive Fertility in the Male Californian Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122234. [PMID: 33261201 PMCID: PMC7761441 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of supplementing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), thyme oil (THO), or their combination on the reproductive parameters, nutrient digestibility coefficients, and some blood metabolites of male Californian rabbits. Results showed an improvement in the nutrients digestibility, liver and kidney functions, testosterone concentration, and semen characteristics (semen volume, sperm motility, vitality, and morphology). ZnO-NPs were more effective in improving the male fertility, while THO showed a marked improvement in nutrient digestibility. Therefore, the inclusion of ZnO-NPs, or THO, or both is recommended for a rabbit feeding regimen to improve the feeding profitability. Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), thyme oil (THO), or their combination on the nutrient digestibility coefficients, reproductive parameters, and some blood metabolites of male Californian rabbits. One hundred rabbits, 29-weeks of age (initial body weight 3.48 ± 0.08 kg) were randomly distributed into four groups, 25 rabbits each. Treatment groups were fed a control diet, a control diet supplemented with ZnO-NPs (100 mg/kg), THO (500 mg/kg), or combination of ZnO-NPs (100 mg/kg) and THO (500 mg/kg). The feeding trial lasted for 35 days. Results showed improvements in dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude fiber in ZnO-NPs, THO, and their combination treated groups compared to those of control. Furthermore, semen volume, sperm motility, vitality, and morphology were significantly improved (p < 0.01) in ZnO-NPs and THO groups rather than the control. Both ZnO-NPs and THO, as either individual or combined treatments significantly improved the serum alanine amino-transferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), urea, and creatinine compared to the control. Moreover, serum concentrations of testosterone were significantly increased in rabbits supplemented with ZnO-NPs, THO, or their combination compared to those of control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ZnO-NPs, THO, or their combination improved the digestibility of nutrients, liver/ kidney functions, semen characteristics, and testosterone concentration in male rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; (A.A.A.A.-W.); (A.H.H.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Kahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.-K.); (K.M.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Khalid Mushabab Alsyaad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.-K.); (K.M.A.); (F.M.S.)
- Director of Research Centre, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Mohsen Shalaby
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.-K.); (K.M.A.); (F.M.S.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519 , Egypt;
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Literature, Northern Border University, Rafha 76312, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Mobashar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamed H. A. Suleiman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdalla H. H. Ali
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; (A.A.A.A.-W.); (A.H.H.A.)
| | - Mohamed O. Taqi
- Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Dokki-Giza 12311, Egypt;
| | - Hazem G. M. El-Sayed
- Regional Centre for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Centre, Cairo 12619, Egypt;
| | | | - Abdallah E. Metwally
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.-K.); (K.M.A.); (F.M.S.)
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-0583414564
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Mackiewicz AG, Klekiel T, Kurowiak J, Piasecki T, Bedzinski R. Determination of Stent Load Conditions in New Zealand White Rabbit Urethra. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11040070. [PMID: 32992694 PMCID: PMC7712058 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Frequency of urethral stenosis makes it necessary to develop new innovative methods of treating this disease. This pathology most often occurs in men and manifests itself in painful urination, reduced urine flow, or total urinary retention. This is a condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Methods: Experimental tests were carried out on a rabbit in order to determine the changes of pressure in the urethra system and to estimate the velocity of urine flow. For this purpose, a measuring system was proposed to measure the pressure of a fluid-filled urethra. A fluoroscope was used to observe the deformability of the bladder and urethra canal. Results: Based on these tests, the range of changes in the urethra tube diameter, the pressures inside the system, and the flow velocity during micturition were determined. Conclusions: The presented studies allowed determining the behavior of the urethra under the conditions of urinary filling. The fluid-filled bladder and urethra increased their dimensions significantly. Such large changes require that the stents used for the treatment of urethral stenosis should not have a fixed diameter but should adapt to changing urethral dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka G. Mackiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Material and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Licealna 9 Street, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (T.K.); (J.K.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Klekiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Material and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Licealna 9 Street, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (T.K.); (J.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Jagoda Kurowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Material and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Licealna 9 Street, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (T.K.); (J.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Tomasz Piasecki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25 Street, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Romuald Bedzinski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Material and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Licealna 9 Street, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (T.K.); (J.K.); (R.B.)
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Skonieczna J, Madej JP, Kaczmarek-Pawelska A, Będziński R. Histological and morphometric evaluation of the urethra and penis in male New Zealand White rabbits. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 50:136-143. [PMID: 32869908 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This stereudy aimed at performing a histological and morphometric evaluation of the urethra and penis of male rabbits. Seven male New Zealand White rabbits weighing 2.1-3 kg were used in the study. The whole urethra, from the urinary bladder to the external urethral orifice, was dissected from the rabbits, and the tissue was sliced into sections at an interval of 2 mm. The sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome stain, Van Gieson's stain and Movat-Russell modified pentachrome stain. A detailed evaluation of the morphology and morphometry was performed. The parameters assessed were the type and height of epithelium, thickness and composition of connective tissue, and thickness and structure of muscularis. The histological structure of the rabbit urethra was found to be similar to humans. However, although the rabbits were found to have the same type of penis as the humans, the internal structure of the corpora cavernosa, the relative thickness of the tunica albuginea and the rudimentary glands of the penis were found to differ in these animals. The results of the present study may be useful in the designing of implants, drug testing or surgical procedures on the physiological and pathological urethra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skonieczna
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan P Madej
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek-Pawelska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Romuald Będziński
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
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9
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Kigata T, Shibata H. Arterial supply to the rabbit male genital organs. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:254-260. [PMID: 31969543 PMCID: PMC7118475 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of veterinary care has prolonged the lifespan of rabbits, and the number
of rabbits suffering from age-related, male genital disorders may increase in the near
future. This could result in increased opportunities for male genital surgery, requiring
knowledge of their arterial anatomy, which, however, has not been sufficiently studied.
Therefore, the arteries supplying the genitals were observed in 20 male New Zealand White
rabbits. The testis was supplied by the testicular artery originating from the abdominal
aorta. The right testicular artery usually emerged at a more cranial level than the left
artery (65%). The testicular artery encircled the testis in the sagittal plane and
bifurcated (95%) or trifurcated (5%) at the caudal extremity of the testis before entering
the parenchyma. The epididymis was supplied by the epididymal branches, either from only
the testicular artery (75% of the right and 80% of the left halves) or from both the
testicular artery and aorta. The deferent duct was supplied in all halves by the dorsal
and ventral branches of the deferential artery, which usually arose from the umbilical
artery. The accessory genital glands were supplied by the dorsal branch of the deferential
artery and the prostatic artery. The latter, which emerged from the internal iliac artery,
exhibited 3 branching types. The most frequent type (55% of the right and 45% of the left
halves) had 3 branches supplying the accessory genital glands. These findings will help
improve rabbit genital surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhito Kigata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty and Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-5766, Japan
| | - Hideshi Shibata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty and Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-5766, Japan
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