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Eraña H, San Millán B, Díaz-Domínguez CM, Charco JM, Rodríguez R, Viéitez I, Pereda A, Yañez R, Geijo M, Navarro C, Perez de Nanclares G, Teijeira S, Castilla J. Description of the first Spanish case of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with A117V variant: clinical, histopathological and biochemical characterization. J Neurol 2022; 269:4253-4263. [PMID: 35294616 PMCID: PMC9293843 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease (GSS) is a rare neurodegenerative illness that belongs to the group of hereditary or familial Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE). Due to the presence of different pathogenic alterations in the prion protein (PrP) coding gene, it shows an enhanced proneness to misfolding into its pathogenic isoform, leading to prion formation and propagation. This aberrantly folded protein is able to induce its conformation to the native counterparts forming amyloid fibrils and plaques partially resistant to protease degradation and showing neurotoxic properties. PrP with A117V pathogenic variant is the second most common genetic alteration leading to GSS and despite common phenotypic and neuropathological traits can be defined for each specific variant, strikingly heterogeneous manifestations have been reported for inter-familial cases bearing the same pathogenic variant or even within the same family. Given the scarcity of cases and their clinical, neuropathological, and biochemical variability, it is important to characterize thoroughly each reported case to establish potential correlations between clinical, neuropathological and biochemical hallmarks that could help to define disease subtypes. With that purpose in mind, this manuscript aims to provide a detailed report of the first Spanish GSS case associated with A117V variant including clinical, genetic, neuropathological and biochemical data, which could help define in the future potential disease subtypes and thus, explain the high heterogeneity observed in patients suffering from these maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasier Eraña
- Prion Research Lab, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Derio, Spain
- Atlas Molecular Pharma S.L., Derio, Spain
| | - Beatriz San Millán
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Díaz-Domínguez
- Prion Research Lab, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- Prion Research Lab, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Derio, Spain
- Atlas Molecular Pharma S.L., Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Irene Viéitez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Mariví Geijo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Susana Teijeira
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Prion Research Lab, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Derio, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Jankovska N, Matej R, Olejar T. Extracellular Prion Protein Aggregates in Nine Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker Syndrome Subjects with Mutation P102L: A Micromorphological Study and Comparison with Literature Data. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413303. [PMID: 34948096 PMCID: PMC8704598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular aggregations of pathological prion protein (PrP) forming characteristic plaques. Our study aimed to evaluate the micromorphology and protein composition of these plaques in relation to age, disease duration, and co-expression of other pathogenic proteins related to other neurodegenerations. Hippocampal regions of nine clinically, neuropathologically, and genetically confirmed GSS subjects were investigated using immunohistochemistry and multichannel confocal fluorescent microscopy. Most pathognomic prion protein plaques were small (2–10 µm), condensed, globous, and did not contain any of the other investigated proteinaceous components, particularly dystrophic neurites. Equally rare (in two cases out of nine) were plaques over 50 µm having predominantly fibrillar structure and exhibit the presence of dystrophic neuritic structures; in one case, the plaques also included bulbous dystrophic neurites. Co-expression with hyperphosphorylated protein tau protein or amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) in GSS PrP plaques is generally a rare observation, even in cases with comorbid neuropathology. The dominant picture of the GSS brain is small, condensed plaques, often multicentric, while presence of dystrophic neuritic changes accumulating hyperphosphorylated protein tau or Aβ in the PrP plaques are rare and, thus, their presence probably constitutes a trivial observation without any relationship to GSS development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Jankovska
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, 14059 Prague, Czech Republic; (N.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, 14059 Prague, Czech Republic; (N.J.); (R.M.)
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Olejar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, 14059 Prague, Czech Republic; (N.J.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-261-083-102
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Jankovska N, Olejar T, Matej R. Extracellular Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Similar Behavior of Different Proteins? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E7. [PMID: 33374972 PMCID: PMC7792617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the deposition of specific protein aggregates, both intracellularly and/or extracellularly, depending on the type of disease. The extracellular occurrence of tridimensional structures formed by amyloidogenic proteins defines Alzheimer's disease, in which plaques are composed of amyloid β-protein, while in prionoses, the same term "amyloid" refers to the amyloid prion protein. In this review, we focused on providing a detailed didactic description and differentiation of diffuse, neuritic, and burnt-out plaques found in Alzheimer's disease and kuru-like, florid, multicentric, and neuritic plaques in human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, followed by a systematic classification of the morphological similarities and differences between the extracellular amyloid deposits in these disorders. Both conditions are accompanied by the extracellular deposits that share certain signs, including neuritic degeneration, suggesting a particular role for amyloid protein toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Jankovska
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Tomas Olejar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.O.); (R.M.)
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Cellular Prion Protein Combined with Galectin-3 and -6 Affects the Infectivity Titer of an Endogenous Retrovirus Assayed in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167293. [PMID: 27936017 PMCID: PMC5147886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases which require the cellular prion protein, PrPC, for development of diseases. The current study shows that the PrPC augments infectivity and plaque formation of a mouse endogenous retrovirus, MuLV. We have established four neuronal cell lines expressing mouse PrPC, PrP+/+; two express wild type PrPC (MoPrPwild) and the other two express mutant PrPC (MoPrPmut). Infection of neuronal cells from various PrP+/+ and PrP-/- (MoPrPKO) lines with MuLV yielded at least three times as many plaques in PrP+/+ than in PrP-/-. Furthermore, among the four PrP+/+ lines, one mutant line, P101L, had at least 2.5 times as many plaques as the other three PrP+/+ lines. Plaques in P101L were four times larger than those in other PrP+/+ lines. Colocalization of PrP and CAgag was seen in MuLV-infected PrP+/+ cells. In the PrP-MuLV interaction, the involvement of galectin-3 and -6 was observed by immunoprecipitation with antibody to PrPC. These results suggest that PrPC combined with galectin-3 and -6 can act as a receptor for MuLV. P101L, the disease form of mutant PrPC results suggest the genetic mutant form of PrPC may be more susceptible to viral infection.
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