1
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Eraña H, Sampedro-Torres-Quevedo C, Charco JM, Díaz-Domínguez CM, Peccati F, San-Juan-Ansoleaga M, Vidal E, Gonçalves-Anjo N, Pérez-Castro MA, González-Miranda E, Piñeiro P, Fernández-Veiga L, Galarza-Ahumada J, Fernández-Muñoz E, Perez de Nanclares G, Telling G, Geijo M, Jiménez-Osés G, Castilla J. A Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification-based method for the spontaneous generation of hundreds of bona fide prions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2112. [PMID: 38459071 PMCID: PMC10923866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of the endogenous prion protein (PrPC) into a pathogenic form (PrPSc). This process, despite being the central event underlying these disorders, remains largely unknown at a molecular level, precluding the prediction of new potential outbreaks or interspecies transmission incidents. In this work, we present a method to generate bona fide recombinant prions de novo, allowing a comprehensive analysis of protein misfolding across a wide range of prion proteins from mammalian species. We study more than 380 different prion proteins from mammals and classify them according to their spontaneous misfolding propensity and their conformational variability. This study aims to address fundamental questions in the prion research field such as defining infectivity determinants, interspecies transmission barriers or the structural influence of specific amino acids and provide invaluable information for future diagnosis and therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasier Eraña
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Jorge M Charco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L, Derio, Spain
| | - Carlos M Díaz-Domínguez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Peccati
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Maitena San-Juan-Ansoleaga
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nuno Gonçalves-Anjo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pérez-Castro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Ezequiel González-Miranda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Patricia Piñeiro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Leire Fernández-Veiga
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Josu Galarza-Ahumada
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Eva Fernández-Muñoz
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Glenn Telling
- Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mariví Geijo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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2
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Eraña H, Díaz-Domínguez CM, Charco JM, Vidal E, González-Miranda E, Pérez-Castro MA, Piñeiro P, López-Moreno R, Sampedro-Torres-Quevedo C, Fernández-Veiga L, Tasis-Galarza J, Lorenzo NL, Santini-Santiago A, Lázaro M, García-Martínez S, Gonçalves-Anjo N, San-Juan-Ansoleaga M, Galarza-Ahumada J, Fernández-Muñoz E, Giler S, Valle M, Telling GC, Geijó M, Requena JR, Castilla J. Understanding the key features of the spontaneous formation of bona fide prions through a novel methodology that enables their swift and consistent generation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:145. [PMID: 37679832 PMCID: PMC10486007 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Among transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases affecting humans, sporadic forms such as sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are the vast majority. Unlike genetic or acquired forms of the disease, these idiopathic forms occur seemingly due to a random event of spontaneous misfolding of the cellular PrP (PrPC) into the pathogenic isoform (PrPSc). Currently, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and drive this event, which occurs in approximately one individual per million each year, remain completely unknown. Modelling this phenomenon in experimental settings is highly challenging due to its sporadic and rare occurrence. Previous attempts to model spontaneous prion misfolding in vitro have not been fully successful, as the spontaneous formation of prions is infrequent and stochastic, hindering the systematic study of the phenomenon. In this study, we present the first method that consistently induces spontaneous misfolding of recombinant PrP into bona fide prions within hours, providing unprecedented possibilities to investigate the mechanisms underlying sporadic prionopathies. By fine-tuning the Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification method, which was initially developed to propagate recombinant prions, we have created a methodology that consistently produces spontaneously misfolded recombinant prions in 100% of the cases. Furthermore, this method gives rise to distinct strains and reveals the critical influence of charged surfaces in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasier Eraña
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L. Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M Díaz-Domínguez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L. Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ezequiel González-Miranda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pérez-Castro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Patricia Piñeiro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Moreno
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cristina Sampedro-Torres-Quevedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leire Fernández-Veiga
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Tasis-Galarza
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nuria L Lorenzo
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aileen Santini-Santiago
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Melisa Lázaro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Martínez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nuno Gonçalves-Anjo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maitena San-Juan-Ansoleaga
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Josu Galarza-Ahumada
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Eva Fernández-Muñoz
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Samanta Giler
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mikel Valle
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Glenn C Telling
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mariví Geijó
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús R Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
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3
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Kortazar-Zubizarreta I, Eraña H, Pereda A, Charco JM, Manero-Azua A, Ruiz-Onandi R, Aguirre U, Gonzalez-Chinchon G, Perez de Nanclares G, Castilla J, Garcia-Moncó JC, Matute A, Uterga JM, Antigüedad AR, Losada JM, Velasco-Palacios L, Pinedo-Brochado A, Escalza I, González-Pinto T, López de Munain A, Moreno F, Zarranz JJ, Pozo NS, Jimenez K, Piñeiro P, Perez de Nanclares G, Castilla J. Analysis of a large case series of fatal familial insomnia to determine tests with the highest diagnostic value. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:169-179. [PMID: 36458954 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare prionopathy with unusually high incidence in the Basque Country. We report detailed data on clinical, diagnostic, histopathological, and biochemical characteristics of a recent FFI case series. The Basque Brain Bank database was screened for patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2021 with standard genetic and/or neuropathological criteria. This series includes 16 patients, 25% without family history, with 12 cases from 9 unrelated (but geographically-linked, Basque country) kindreds, onset ranging from 36 to 70 years, and disease course from 7 to 11.5 months. Insomnia was the initial symptom in most cases, with consistent polysomnography in 92% of the cases. In contrast, 14-3-3 and RT-QuIC from cerebrospinal fluid were negative. Most patients were homozygous for methionine. Gliosis and neuronal loss in basal ganglia and thalamus were the main histopathological findings; Western blotting identified preferentially the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) type 2, although detection of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) identified using brain tissue RT-QuIC was more successful. This is one of the largest current studies on FFI patients performed to provide improvements in diagnostic reliability. Among the analyzed tests, polysomnography and the genetic study show the highest diagnostic value in FFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaro Kortazar-Zubizarreta
- Department of Neurology, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Hasier Eraña
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L. Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L. Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Africa Manero-Azua
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ruiz-Onandi
- Department of Pathology, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Galdakao-Usansolo, Spain
| | - Urko Aguirre
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios y Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Galdakao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gonzalez-Chinchon
- Department of Neurology, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital , Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park , Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute , Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Vidal E, Sánchez-Martín MA, Eraña H, Lázaro SP, Pérez-Castro MA, Otero A, Charco JM, Marín B, López-Moreno R, Díaz-Domínguez CM, Geijo M, Ordóñez M, Cantero G, di Bari M, Lorenzo NL, Pirisinu L, d’Agostino C, Torres JM, Béringue V, Telling G, Badiola JJ, Pumarola M, Bolea R, Nonno R, Requena JR, Castilla J. Bona fide atypical scrapie faithfully reproduced for the first time in a rodent model. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:179. [PMID: 36514160 PMCID: PMC9749341 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Scrapie, which is not linked to epidemics, is assumed to be an idiopathic spontaneous prion disease in small ruminants. Therefore, its occurrence is unlikely to be controlled through selective breeding or other strategies as it is done for classical scrapie outbreaks. Its spontaneous nature and its sporadic incidence worldwide is reminiscent of the incidence of idiopathic spontaneous prion diseases in humans, which account for more than 85% of the cases in humans. Hence, developing animal models that consistently reproduce this phenomenon of spontaneous PrP misfolding, is of importance to study the pathobiology of idiopathic spontaneous prion disorders. Transgenic mice overexpressing sheep PrPC with I112 polymorphism (TgShI112, 1-2 × PrP levels compared to sheep brain) manifest clinical signs of a spongiform encephalopathy spontaneously as early as 380 days of age. The brains of these animals show the neuropathological hallmarks of prion disease and biochemical analyses of the misfolded prion protein show a ladder-like PrPres pattern with a predominant 7-10 kDa band. Brain homogenates from spontaneously diseased transgenic mice were inoculated in several models to assess their transmissibility and characterize the prion strain generated: TgShI112 (ovine I112 ARQ PrPC), Tg338 (ovine VRQ PrPC), Tg501 (ovine ARQ PrPC), Tg340 (human M129 PrPC), Tg361 (human V129 PrPC), TgVole (bank vole I109 PrPC), bank vole (I109I PrPC), and sheep (AHQ/ARR and AHQ/AHQ churra-tensina breeds). Our analysis of the results of these bioassays concludes that the strain generated in this model is indistinguishable to that causing atypical scrapie (Nor98). Thus, we present the first faithful model for a bona fide, transmissible, ovine, atypical scrapie prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Vidal
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Manuel A. Sánchez-Martín
- grid.11762.330000 0001 2180 1817Transgenic Facility. Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Hasier Eraña
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez Lázaro
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pérez-Castro
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Alicia Otero
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge M. Charco
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Marín
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Moreno
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Carlos M. Díaz-Domínguez
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Mariví Geijo
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ordóñez
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Michele di Bari
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nuria L. Lorenzo
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Santiago, Spain
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia d’Agostino
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Juan María Torres
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Valdeolmos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Béringue
- grid.417961.cMolecular Virology and Immunology, Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Glenn Telling
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Prion Research Center (PRC) and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Juan J. Badiola
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Rosa Bolea
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza–IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Romolo Nonno
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Jesús R. Requena
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Santiago, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- grid.420175.50000 0004 0639 2420Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Laboratorio de Investigación de Priones, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
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5
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Otero A, Barrio T, Eraña H, Charco JM, Betancor M, Díaz-Domínguez CM, Marín B, Andréoletti O, Torres JM, Kong Q, Badiola JJ, Bolea R, Castilla J. Glycans are not necessary to maintain the pathobiological features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010900. [PMID: 36206325 PMCID: PMC9581369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the glycosylation status of PrPC in the conversion to its pathological counterpart and on cross-species transmission of prion strains has been widely discussed. Here, we assessed the effect on strain characteristics of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) isolates with different transmission histories upon propagation on a model expressing a non-glycosylated human PrPC. Bovine, ovine and porcine-passaged BSE, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) isolates were used as seeds/inocula in both in vitro and in vivo propagation assays using the non-glycosylated human PrPC-expressing mouse model (TgNN6h). After protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), all isolates maintained the biochemical characteristics of BSE. On bioassay, all PMCA-propagated BSE prions were readily transmitted to TgNN6h mice, in agreement with our previous in vitro results. TgNN6h mice reproduced the characteristic neuropathological and biochemical hallmarks of BSE, suggesting that the absence of glycans did not alter the pathobiological features of BSE prions. Moreover, back-passage of TgNN6h-adapted BSE prions to BoTg110 mice recovered the full BSE phenotype, confirming that the glycosylation of human PrPC is not essential for the preservation of the human transmission barrier for BSE prions or for the maintenance of BSE strain properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Otero
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, ISS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás Barrio
- UMR INRAE-ENVT 1225 Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institute Nationale de Recherche pour l’Alimentation, l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE)—École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hasier Eraña
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Prion Research Lab, Derio, Spain
- Atlas Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge M. Charco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Prion Research Lab, Derio, Spain
- Atlas Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Spain
| | - Marina Betancor
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, ISS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Díaz-Domínguez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Prion Research Lab, Derio, Spain
| | - Belén Marín
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, ISS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRAE-ENVT 1225 Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institute Nationale de Recherche pour l’Alimentation, l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE)—École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan M. Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Qingzhong Kong
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology & National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Juan J. Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, ISS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Bolea
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, ISS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail: (JC); (RB)
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Prion Research Lab, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JC); (RB)
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6
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Eraña H, San Millán B, Díaz-Domínguez CM, Charco JM, Rodríguez R, Viéitez I, Pereda A, Yañez R, Geijo M, Navarro C, Perez de Nanclares G, Teijeira S, Castilla J. Description of the first Spanish case of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with A117V variant: clinical, histopathological and biochemical characterization. J Neurol 2022; 269:4253-4263. [PMID: 35294616 PMCID: PMC9293843 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease (GSS) is a rare neurodegenerative illness that belongs to the group of hereditary or familial Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE). Due to the presence of different pathogenic alterations in the prion protein (PrP) coding gene, it shows an enhanced proneness to misfolding into its pathogenic isoform, leading to prion formation and propagation. This aberrantly folded protein is able to induce its conformation to the native counterparts forming amyloid fibrils and plaques partially resistant to protease degradation and showing neurotoxic properties. PrP with A117V pathogenic variant is the second most common genetic alteration leading to GSS and despite common phenotypic and neuropathological traits can be defined for each specific variant, strikingly heterogeneous manifestations have been reported for inter-familial cases bearing the same pathogenic variant or even within the same family. Given the scarcity of cases and their clinical, neuropathological, and biochemical variability, it is important to characterize thoroughly each reported case to establish potential correlations between clinical, neuropathological and biochemical hallmarks that could help to define disease subtypes. With that purpose in mind, this manuscript aims to provide a detailed report of the first Spanish GSS case associated with A117V variant including clinical, genetic, neuropathological and biochemical data, which could help define in the future potential disease subtypes and thus, explain the high heterogeneity observed in patients suffering from these maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasier Eraña
- Prion Research Lab, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Derio, Spain
- Atlas Molecular Pharma S.L., Derio, Spain
| | - Beatriz San Millán
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Díaz-Domínguez
- Prion Research Lab, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- Prion Research Lab, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Derio, Spain
- Atlas Molecular Pharma S.L., Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Irene Viéitez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Mariví Geijo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Susana Teijeira
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Prion Research Lab, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Derio, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Ximelis T, Marín-Moreno A, Espinosa JC, Eraña H, Charco JM, Hernández I, Riveira C, Alcolea D, González-Roca E, Aldecoa I, Molina-Porcel L, Parchi P, Rossi M, Castilla J, Ruiz-García R, Gelpi E, Torres JM, Sánchez-Valle R. Homozygous R136S mutation in PRNP gene causes inherited early onset prion disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:176. [PMID: 34663460 PMCID: PMC8524886 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 40 pathogenic heterozygous PRNP mutations causing inherited prion diseases have been identified to date. Recessive inherited prion disease has not been described to date. METHODS We describe the clinical and neuropathological data of inherited early-onset prion disease caused by the rare PRNP homozygous mutation R136S. In vitro PrPSc propagation studies were performed using recombinant-adapted protein misfolding cyclic amplification technique. Brain material from two R136S homozygous patients was intracranially inoculated in TgMet129 and TgVal129 transgenic mice to assess the transmissibility of this rare inherited form of prion disease. RESULTS The index case presented symptoms of early-onset dementia beginning at the age of 49 and died at the age of 53. Neuropathological evaluation of the proband revealed abundant multicentric PrP plaques and Western blotting revealed a ~ 8 kDa protease-resistant, unglycosylated PrPSc fragment, consistent with a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker phenotype. Her youngest sibling suffered from progressive cognitive decline, motor impairment, and myoclonus with onset in her late 30s and died at the age of 48. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of the R136S mutation in homozygosis in the two affected subjects linked to homozygous methionine at codon 129. One sibling carrying the heterozygous R136S mutation, linked to homozygous methionine at codon 129, is still asymptomatic at the age of 74. The inoculation of human brain homogenates from our index case and an independent case from a Portuguese family with the same mutation in transgenic mice expressing human PrP and in vitro propagation of PrPSc studies failed to show disease transmissibility. CONCLUSION In conclusion, biallelic R136S substitution is a rare variant that produces inherited early-onset human prion disease with a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker neuropathological and molecular signature. Even if the R136S variant is predicted to be "probably damaging", heterozygous carriers are protected, at least from an early onset providing evidence for a potentially recessive pattern of inheritance in human prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ximelis
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hasier Eraña
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Fundació ACE, Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research Center, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Alcolea
- Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva González-Roca
- Immunology department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Piero Parchi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Rossi
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
- IKERBasque Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruiz-García
- Immunology department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Ferreira NC, Charco JM, Plagenz J, Orru CD, Denkers ND, Metrick MA, Hughson AG, Griffin KA, Race B, Hoover EA, Castilla J, Nichols TA, Miller MW, Caughey B. Detection of chronic wasting disease in mule and white-tailed deer by RT-QuIC analysis of outer ear. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7702. [PMID: 33833330 PMCID: PMC8032746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to contain the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD), a fatal, contagious prion disease of cervids, would be aided by the availability of additional diagnostic tools. RT-QuIC assays allow ultrasensitive detection of prion seeds in a wide variety of cervid tissues, fluids and excreta. The best documented antemortem diagnostic test involving RT-QuIC analysis targets lymphoid tissue in rectal biopsies. Here we have tested a more easily accessed specimen, ear pinna punches, using an improved RT-QuIC assay involving iron oxide magnetic extraction to detect CWD infections in asymptomatic mule and white-tailed deer. Comparison of multiple parts of the ear pinna indicated that a central punch spanning the auricular nerve provided the most consistent detection of CWD infection. When compared to results obtained from gold-standard retropharyngeal lymph node specimens, our RT-QuIC analyses of ear samples provided apparent diagnostic sensitivity (81%) and specificity (91%) that rivaled, or improved upon, those observed in previous analyses of rectal biopsies using RT-QuIC. These results provide evidence that RT-QuIC analysis of ear pinna punches may be a useful approach to detecting CWD infections in cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C Ferreira
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jorge M Charco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jakob Plagenz
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Christina D Orru
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Nathanial D Denkers
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael A Metrick
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrew G Hughson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Karen A Griffin
- Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, 4330 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Edward A Hoover
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Michael W Miller
- Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, 4330 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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9
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Eraña H, Pérez-Castro MÁ, García-Martínez S, Charco JM, López-Moreno R, Díaz-Dominguez CM, Barrio T, González-Miranda E, Castilla J. A Novel, Reliable and Highly Versatile Method to Evaluate Different Prion Decontamination Procedures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589182. [PMID: 33195153 PMCID: PMC7658626 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders. The causal agent is an aberrantly folded isoform (PrPSc or prion) of the endogenous prion protein (PrPC) which is neurotoxic and amyloidogenic and induces misfolding of its physiological counterpart. The intrinsic physical characteristics of these infectious proteinaceous pathogens makes them highly resistant to the vast majority of physicochemical decontamination procedures used typically for standard disinfection. This means prions are highly persistent in contaminated tissues, the environment (surfaces) and, of great concern, on medical and surgical instruments. Traditionally, decontamination procedures for prions are tested on natural isolates coming from the brain of infected individuals with an associated high heterogeneity resulting in highly variable results. Using our novel ability to produce highly infectious recombinant prions in vitro we adapted the system to enable recovery of infectious prions from contaminated materials. This method is easy to perform and, importantly, results in highly reproducible propagation in vitro. It exploits the adherence of infectious prion protein to beads of different materials allowing accurate and repeatable assessment of the efficacy of disinfectants of differing physicochemical natures to eliminate infectious prions. This method is technically easy, requires only a small shaker and a standard biochemical technique and could be performed in any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasier Eraña
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Atlas Molecular Pharma S. L., Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez-Castro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Martínez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Atlas Molecular Pharma S. L., Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Atlas Molecular Pharma S. L., Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Moreno
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Carlos M Díaz-Dominguez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Tomás Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Ezequiel González-Miranda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Atlas Molecular Pharma S. L., Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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10
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Vidal E, Fernández-Borges N, Eraña H, Parra B, Pintado B, Sánchez-Martín MA, Charco JM, Ordóñez M, Pérez-Castro MA, Pumarola M, Mathiason CK, Mayoral T, Castilla J. Dogs are resistant to prion infection, due to the presence of aspartic or glutamic acid at position 163 of their prion protein. FASEB J 2020; 34:3969-3982. [PMID: 31944411 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902646r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other species, prion disease has never been described in dogs even though they were similarly exposed to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent. This resistance prompted a thorough analysis of the canine PRNP gene and the presence of a negatively charged amino acid residue in position 163 was readily identified as potentially fundamental as it differed from all known susceptible species. In the present study, the first transgenic mouse model expressing dog prion protein (PrP) was generated and challenged intracerebrally with a panel of prion isolates, none of which could infect them. The brains of these mice were subjected to in vitro prion amplification and failed to find even minimal amounts of misfolded prions providing definitive experimental evidence that dogs are resistant to prion disease. Subsequently, a second transgenic model was generated in which aspartic acid in position 163 was substituted for asparagine (the most common in prion susceptible species) resulting in susceptibility to BSE-derived isolates. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that the amino acid residue at position 163 of canine cellular prion protein (PrPC ) is a major determinant of the exceptional resistance of the canidae family to prion infection and establish this as a promising therapeutic target for prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Beatriz Parra
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pintado
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A Sánchez-Martín
- Servicio de Transgénesis, Nucleus, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Ordóñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martí Pumarola
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals. Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Candace K Mathiason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tomás Mayoral
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Eraña H, Charco JM, Di Bari MA, Díaz-Domínguez CM, López-Moreno R, Vidal E, González-Miranda E, Pérez-Castro MA, García-Martínez S, Bravo S, Fernández-Borges N, Geijo M, D’Agostino C, Garrido J, Bian J, König A, Uluca-Yazgi B, Sabate R, Khaychuk V, Vanni I, Telling GC, Heise H, Nonno R, Requena JR, Castilla J. Development of a new largely scalable in vitro prion propagation method for the production of infectious recombinant prions for high resolution structural studies. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008117. [PMID: 31644574 PMCID: PMC6827918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of the three-dimensional structure of infectious prions at the atomic level is pivotal to understand the pathobiology of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE), but has been long hindered due to certain particularities of these proteinaceous pathogens. Difficulties related to their purification from brain homogenates of disease-affected animals were resolved almost a decade ago by the development of in vitro recombinant prion propagation systems giving rise to highly infectious recombinant prions. However, lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of the misfolding event and the complexity of systems such as the Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA), have limited generating the large amounts of homogeneous recombinant prion preparations required for high-resolution techniques such as solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) imaging. Herein, we present a novel recombinant prion propagation system based on PMCA that substitutes sonication with shaking thereby allowing the production of unprecedented amounts of multi-labeled, infectious recombinant prions. The use of specific cofactors, such as dextran sulfate, limit the structural heterogeneity of the in vitro propagated prions and makes possible, for the first time, the generation of infectious and likely homogeneous samples in sufficient quantities for studies with high-resolution structural techniques as demonstrated by the preliminary ssNMR spectrum presented here. Overall, we consider that this new method named Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification (PMSA), opens new avenues to finally elucidate the three-dimensional structure of infectious prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasier Eraña
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
- ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L. Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | | | - Michele A. Di Bari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Enric Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Susana Bravo
- Proteomics Lab, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Mariví Geijo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseba Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Jifeng Bian
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Anna König
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) and Jülich Center for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boran Uluca-Yazgi
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) and Jülich Center for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raimon Sabate
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vadim Khaychuk
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Glenn C. Telling
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Henrike Heise
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) and Jülich Center for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesús R. Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
- IKERBasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao (Bizkaia), Spain
- * E-mail:
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Harrathi C, Fernández-Borges N, Eraña H, Elezgarai SR, Venegas V, Charco JM, Castilla J. Insights into the Bidirectional Properties of the Sheep-Deer Prion Transmission Barrier. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5287-5303. [PMID: 30592012 PMCID: PMC6614146 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The large chronic wasting disease (CWD)-affected cervid population in the USA and Canada, and the risk of the disease being transmitted to humans through intermediate species, is a highly worrying issue that is still poorly understood. In this case, recombinant protein misfolding cyclic amplification was used to determine, in vitro, the relevance of each individual amino acid on cross-species prion transmission. Others and we have found that the β2-α2 loop is a key modulator of transmission barriers between species and markedly influences infection by sheep scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or elk CWD. Amino acids that differentiate ovine and deer normal host prion protein (PrPC) and associated with structural rigidity of the loop β2-α2 (S173N, N177T) appear to confer resistance to some prion diseases. However, addition of methionine at codon 208 together with the previously described rigid loop substitutions seems to hide a key in this species barrier, as it makes sheep recombinant prion protein highly susceptible to CWD-induced misfolding. These studies indicate that interspecies prion transmission is not only governed just by the β2-α2 loop amino acid sequence but also by its interactions with the α3-helix as shown by substitution I208M. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, characterized by long incubation periods and spongiform changes associated with neuronal loss in the brain, have been described in several mammalian species appearing either naturally (scrapie in sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, chronic wasting disease in cervids, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans) or by experimental transmission studies (scrapie in mice and hamsters). Much of the pathogenesis of the prion diseases has been determined in the last 40 years, such as the etiological agent or the fact that prions occur as different strains that show distinct biological and physicochemical properties. However, there are many unanswered questions regarding the strain phenomenon and interspecies transmissibility. To assess the risk of interspecies transmission between scrapie and chronic wasting disease, an in vitro prion propagation method has been used. This technique allows to predict the amino acids preventing the transmission between sheep and deer prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Harrathi
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Hasier Eraña
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Saioa R Elezgarai
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Venegas
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Charco JM, Eraña H, Venegas V, García-Martínez S, López-Moreno R, González-Miranda E, Pérez-Castro MÁ, Castilla J. Recombinant PrP and Its Contribution to Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. Pathogens 2017; 6:E67. [PMID: 29240682 PMCID: PMC5750591 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the disease-associated isoform (PrPSc) and its accumulation as amyloid fibrils in the central nervous system is one of the central events in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Due to the proteinaceous nature of the causal agent the molecular mechanisms of misfolding, interspecies transmission, neurotoxicity and strain phenomenon remain mostly ill-defined or unknown. Significant advances were made using in vivo and in cellula models, but the limitations of these, primarily due to their inherent complexity and the small amounts of PrPSc that can be obtained, gave rise to the necessity of new model systems. The production of recombinant PrP using E. coli and subsequent induction of misfolding to the aberrant isoform using different techniques paved the way for the development of cell-free systems that complement the previous models. The generation of the first infectious recombinant prion proteins with identical properties of brain-derived PrPSc increased the value of cell-free systems for research on TSEs. The versatility and ease of implementation of these models have made them invaluable for the study of the molecular mechanisms of prion formation and propagation, and have enabled improvements in diagnosis, high-throughput screening of putative anti-prion compounds and the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide an overview of the resultant advances in the prion field due to the development of recombinant PrP and its use in cell-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Charco
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.M.C.); (H.E.); (V.V.); (S.G.-M.); (R.L.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (M.Á.P.-C.)
| | - Hasier Eraña
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.M.C.); (H.E.); (V.V.); (S.G.-M.); (R.L.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (M.Á.P.-C.)
| | - Vanessa Venegas
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.M.C.); (H.E.); (V.V.); (S.G.-M.); (R.L.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (M.Á.P.-C.)
| | - Sandra García-Martínez
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.M.C.); (H.E.); (V.V.); (S.G.-M.); (R.L.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (M.Á.P.-C.)
| | - Rafael López-Moreno
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.M.C.); (H.E.); (V.V.); (S.G.-M.); (R.L.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (M.Á.P.-C.)
| | - Ezequiel González-Miranda
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.M.C.); (H.E.); (V.V.); (S.G.-M.); (R.L.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (M.Á.P.-C.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez-Castro
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.M.C.); (H.E.); (V.V.); (S.G.-M.); (R.L.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (M.Á.P.-C.)
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.M.C.); (H.E.); (V.V.); (S.G.-M.); (R.L.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (M.Á.P.-C.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Elezgarai SR, Fernández-Borges N, Eraña H, Sevillano AM, Charco JM, Harrathi C, Saá P, Gil D, Kong Q, Requena JR, Andréoletti O, Castilla J. Generation of a new infectious recombinant prion: a model to understand Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9584. [PMID: 28851967 PMCID: PMC5575253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that include Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), and fatal familial insomnia. GSS is a genetically determined TSE caused by a range of mutations within the prion protein (PrP) gene. Several animal models, based on the expression of PrPs carrying mutations analogous to human heritable prion diseases, support that mutations might predispose PrP to spontaneously misfold. An adapted Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification methodology based on the use of human recombinant PrP (recPMCA) generated different self-propagating misfolded proteins spontaneously. These were characterized biochemically and structurally, and the one partially sharing some of the GSS PrPSc molecular features was inoculated into different animal models showing high infectivity. This constitutes an infectious recombinant prion which could be an invaluable model for understanding GSS. Moreover, this study proves the possibility to generate recombinant versions of other human prion diseases that could provide a further understanding on the molecular features of these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa R Elezgarai
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Hasier Eraña
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandro M Sevillano
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Chafik Harrathi
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Paula Saá
- American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - David Gil
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Qingzhong Kong
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jesús R Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- Ecole Nationale du Veterinaire, Service de Pathologie du Bétail, Toulouse, 31076, France
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Bizkaia, Spain.
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