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Ugwu CE, Suru SM. Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective potentials against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity: a review. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well-characterized hepatotoxic agent. With rising cases of liver diseases, the identification, assessment, and development of hepatoprotective agents from plants source has become imperative.
Main body
With arrays of literature on plants with hepatoprotective potentials, this review sourced published literatures between 1998 and 2020 and systematically highlighted about 92 medicinal plants that have been reported to protect against CCl4-induced liver injury in animal models. The results show that herbal plants provide protection for the liver against CCl4 by downregulation of the liver marker enzymes and activation of antioxidant capacity of the liver cells with the restoration of liver architecture. We also provided the traditional and accompanying pharmacological uses of the plants. A variety of phytochemicals mostly flavonoids and polyphenols compounds were suggested to offer protection against liver injuries.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that there are a variety of phytochemicals in plant products with hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced toxicity in animal models.
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Rafe MR, Salam R, Ahmed SN, Ahmed Z, Chowdhury SM. A Pharmacological Review of Four Widely Used Traditional Medicinal Plants for Wound Healing in Bangladesh. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190820120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional and folklore medicines have gained popularity throughout the world
due to their safety. Herbal medicines with pharmacological activities and nutritional value are
the most popular choice. Cultural and geographical factors of Bangladesh make it a vast
source for herbal medicines. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of herbal medicines has also
played an important role to make it a drug of choice among the developing countries like
Bangladesh. People of Bangladesh have been using plants for centuries to treat different
wounds caused by excision and incision. In this current review, we have gone through an extensive
literature search to find out the four most commonly used medicinal plants for the
treatment of wounds and their pharmacological activities in scientific researches. The featured
plants of this review articles are, Calotropis gigantea, Cynodon dactylon, Acorus calamus and
Justicia gendarussa. In traditional and herbal medicines, many plants are used without their
scientific validation and we intend to perform a literature review in order to find out the potential
scientific value of the featured plants. In addition, with pharmacological activities, their
traditional formulation as a wound healing drug is also added to this article. This study will
help validate the uses of these plants as traditional medicine and for researchers to find out potential
therapeutic drugs according to their pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rajdoula Rafe
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh
| | - Rayhanus Salam
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Naureen Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zebunnesa Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
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Rani R, Sharma D, Chaturvedi M, Yadav JP. Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210315508666180608081407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Medicinal plants are having immense potential to cure various health ailments
and used as drugs and remedies for the treatment of various diseases since civilization. Medicinal
property of these plants lies in their secondary metabolites which covered various classes like
phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, etc. Besides this, these secondary metabolites serve as a prototype
to synthesize the new synthetic drugs.
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Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of
leaves extracts of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea and characterization of their bioactive
metabolites by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectroscopy (GC-MS).
Methods:
Methanol, petroleum ether and water were used for the extract preparation using cold percolation
method. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion assay. The antioxidant
activity of both the plants of Calotropis species was carried out by using different assay. Phytochemical
analysis was carried out by using FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis.
Results:
Methanol extract of both the plants was found to possess highest antioxidant potential in
comparison to other extracts. Methanol extract of C. gigantea and aqueous extract of C. procera
showed the maximum antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. FTIR analysis of
plants extracts indicates the presence of phenolic compounds, alkanes, carboxylic acids, aldehydes,
aliphatic and aromatic amines, allene, sulfoxides, phenyl ester nitrocompounds and imines. GC-MS
analysis of C. procera aqueous extract showed the presence of R-limonene, mannosamine, tridecane,
1-bromo-, 2-propenoic acid, tridecyl ester, pentatriacontane and 1-hexacosene as major phytochemicals.
C. gigantea methanol extract indicated the presence of hentriacontane, eicosane, 3,3-
dimethylnonadecane, pentacosane, 1-hexacosene, pentatriacontane and clocortolone as major phytochemicals.
Conclusion:
This study provides a systematic base for isolation of the novel bioactive phytochemicals
from the Calotropis plant species and to evaluate their efficacy especially for antioxidant and
antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rani
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Dushyant Sharma
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Chaturvedi
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jaya Parkash Yadav
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
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Habib MR, Karim MR. Effect of anhydrosophoradiol-3-acetate of Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) flower as antitumoric agent against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:761-7. [PMID: 23950602 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 60% of currently used anti-cancer agents are derived in one-way or another from natural sources, including plants, marine organisms and microorganisms. Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) (Family: Asclepiadaceae) is a perennial shrub and it is used as a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of various health complications. But there is no report on isolation of anticancerous chemicals from the flower of Calotropis gigantea. The objective of the present study is to explore the antitumor effect of anhydrosophoradiol-3-acetate (A3A), isolated from the flower of Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. METHODS Antitumoric effect of A3A was assessed by evaluating viable tumor cell count, survival time, body weight gain due to tumor burden, hematological and biochemical (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea, SALP, SGPT and SGOT) parameters of EAC bearing host at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight. RESULTS Treatment with A3A decreased the viable tumor cells and body weight gain thereby increasing the life span of EAC bearing mice. A3A also brought back the altered hematological (Hb, total RBC and total WBC) and biochemical parameters more or less to normal level. CONCLUSION Results of this study conclude that in vivo the A3A was effective in inhibiting the growth of EAC with improving in cancer induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad R Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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Kadiyala M, Ponnusankar S, Elango K. Calotropis gigantiea (L.) R. Br (Apocynaceae): a phytochemical and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:32-50. [PMID: 24012528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calotropis gigantiea (L.) R. Br (Apocynaceae) commonly called as "crown flower" or "giant milk weed" is a well-known weed to many cultures for treating various disorders related to central nervous system, skin diseases, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system etc. Indigenous groups made the plant as a part of their lives since they use the fruit fibre to make ropes, household items, for weaving clothes and flowers for garlands apart from usage for various indications. The study aims at far-reaching review on phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, ethnopharmacology, intellectual property transfer on pharmacological therapies, toxicity which aids to provide scientific evidence for the ethnobotanical claims and to identify gaps required to be conducted as a future research prerequisite. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using different databases such as Scopus, Science direct, PubMed and Sciverse with no timeline limit set during the search. All the available abstracts and full text articles were included in the systematic review. RESULTS Most of the folkloric uses were validated by the scientific studies such as analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-asthmatic, anti-bacterial, anti-convulsant, anti-pyretic, central nervous system disorders, contraceptive, anti-ulcer and wound healing. In addition other studies such as anti-diabetic, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-helminthic, anti-histamine, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, cardio-protective studies, cytotoxicity, hepatoprotectivity, fibrinolytic, mosquitocidal, nerve muscle activity, vasodilation and skeletal muscle activities were also reported for the plant. Isolated compounds such as calotropin, frugoside and 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl frugoside were tested for the cytotoxicity efficacy against both human and rat cell lines out of which calotropin showed potent activity (IC50-15 ng/ml). However there were no clinical trials reported on the plant which is one of the major lacunas. CONCLUSIONS This review article explores the ethnopharmacological, pharmacological activities phytochemistry and intellectual rights of Cg which gives the evidence of a potent and commercial drug which up on further research leads to the most viable drug for variety of treatments. However there is further need for in-vivo studies and clinical trials on isolated phytoconstituents which will help to commercialise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Kadiyala
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam 643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sarmah R. Insights from the predicted interactions of plant derived compounds to the gluco-corticoid receptor as an alternative to dexa-methasone. Bioinformation 2012; 8:963-9. [PMID: 23275688 PMCID: PMC3524948 DOI: 10.6026/97320630008963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) an anti-inflamatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid, activates the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding to its Ligand Binding Domain (LBD). The GR-ligand complex then translocates to the nucleus and binds to the Glucocorticoid Response Element (GRE) resulting up-regulation of target gene expression of anti-inflamatory proteins. DEX is one of the most effective ligand for GR activation but comply to side effects. Therefore, alternative for DEX - plant metabolites of Calotropis sp and Swertia chirata were screened using docking appraoch. These plants compounds were selected because; parts of these plants are widely used againsts inflamation, allergy, asthma etc. Three metabolites of Swertia chirata namely Gentianine (GENT), Xanthone (XANT) and Swerchirin (SWER) are found to be occupying the same binding pocket in the LBD of the GR (PDB ID 1M2Z). The binding affinity as reflected by binding energies of GENT-1M2Z, XANT-1M2Z and SWER-1M2Z are -5.6, -6.7 and -6.7, and all the output parameter of the respective compounds positively correlates with that of DEX-1M2Z with r = 0.9, 0.6 and 0.6 respectively indicating similar GR activation function. Visualization analysis of the models clearly indicates that GENT and SWER may be GR activators. Rest of the compounds mostly docked onto the surface of the receptor molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Sarmah
- Centre for Bioinformatics Studies, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam India
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Evaluation of antitumour activity of Calotropis gigantea L. root bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:786-90. [PMID: 22014733 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate experimentally the possible antitumor effect of methanol extract (ME) of Calotropis gigantea L. (C. gigantean) root bark and its petroleum ether (PEF) and chloroform (CF) soluble fractions against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. METHODS The effects of ME (10 and 20 mg/kg), PEF (40 and 80 mg/kg) and CF (20 and 40 mg/kg) on the growth of EAC and life span of EAC bearing mice were studied. Hematological profile and biochemical parameters (SALP, SGPT and SGOT) were also estimated. RESULTS Results of in vivo study showed a significant decrease in viable tumor cell count and a significant increase of life span in the ME and CF treated group compared to untreated one. The life span of ME and CF treated animals was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 43.90% (20 mg ME/kg) and 57.07% (40 mg CF/kg). ME and CF brought back the hematological parameter more or less normal level. ME and CF also restored the altered levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT). CONCLUSIONS Methanol extract (ME) of C. gigantea root bark and its chloroform soluble fraction (CF) possesses significant antitumor activity.
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Rathod NR, Chitme HR, Irchhaiya R, Chandra R. Hypoglycemic Effect of Calotropis gigantea Linn. Leaves and Flowers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Oman Med J 2011; 26:104-8. [PMID: 22043394 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic activity of chloroform extract of Calotropis gigantea leaves and flowers in normal rats and streptozotocin induced diabetes. METHODS The hypoglycemic activity in normal rats was carried out by treatment using chloroform extract of Calotropis gigantea leaf and flower 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg, orally. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out by administering glucose (2 g/kg, p.o), to non-diabetic rats treated with leaf and flowers extracts at oral doses 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg, p.o and glibenclamide 10 mg/kg. The serum glucose was then measured at 0, 1.5, 3 and 5 hr after administration of extracts/drug. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administered the same doses of leaf and flower extracts, and standard drugs glibenclamide was given to the normal rats or 0.5 ml of 5% Tween-80, for 27 days. The blood sample from all groups collected by retro-orbital puncture on 7, 14, 21 and 27th days after administration of the extracts/drug and used for the estimation of serum glucose levels using the glucose kit. RESULTS The Calotropis gigantea leaves and flowers extracts were effective in lowering serum glucose levels in normal rats. Improvement in oral glucose tolerance was also registered by treatment with Calotropis gigantean. The administration of leaf and flower extracts to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in serum glucose levels. CONCLUSION It is concluded that chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaves and flowers have significant anti-diabetic activity.
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Rathod NR, Raghuveer I, Chitme HR, Chandra R. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Calotropis gigantea on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:615-21. [PMID: 20376213 PMCID: PMC2846465 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.59542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Swarnabhasma, an Ayurvedic preparation containing Calotropis gigantea R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is extensively used by Ayurvedic physicians for treatment of diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and nervous disorders. In the present study, we report the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaf and flower on free radical scavenging activity, and lipid profile in streptozotozin-induced diabetic rats. The lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured in liver homogenate and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile were measured in blood serum. Administration of single dose of streptozotozin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant increases in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly decreased. Further, administration of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaf and flower to streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats at a dose of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg orally for 27 d lead to a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Consequently, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased. Glibenclamide was used as a positive control (10 mg/kg). It was observed that the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea on alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, levels are comparable to that of those produced by the positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology, H. S. K. College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot-587101, India
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Inhibition of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma by ethyl acetate extract from the flower of Calotropis gigantea L. in mice. J Appl Biomed 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-009-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rahmatullah M, Sultan S, Toma TT, Lucky SAS, Chowdhury MH, Haque WM, Annay EA, Jahan R. Effect of Cuscuta reflexa stem and Calotropis procera leaf extracts on glucose tolerance in glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats and mice. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2009; 7:109-12. [PMID: 21304621 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v7i2.50864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cuscuta reflexa (whole plant) and Calotropis procera (leaves) are used in folk medicine of Bangladesh to control blood sugar in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. The hypoglycemic effects of methanol and chloroform extracts of whole plants of Cuscuta reflexa, and methanol extract of leaves of Calotropis procera were investigated in oral glucose tolerance tests in Long Evans rats and Swiss albino mice, respectively. Both methanol and chloroform extracts of Cuscuta reflexa whole plant demonstrated significant oral hypoglycemic activity in glucose-loaded rats at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The methanol extract of leaves of Calotropis procera, when tested at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight did not demonstrate any oral hypoglycemic effect when tested in glucose-loaded mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
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