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Widajati N, Martiana T, Utami TN, Jalaludin J, Hamedon TR. Lung Function Analysis of Marble Home Industry Workers in Tulungagung Regency. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.31.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the effect of dust exposure and worker characteristics on lung function. This type of research was observational with a cross-sectional design. The population was 20 marble home industry workers in Tulungagung. The total population technique determined the sample. Data analysis was carried out using Smart PLS software. The study results found that sociodemography, including age, nutritional status, and years of service, affected lung function with a t-statistic of 2.604. Dust exposure, which includes respirable dust content and duration of exposure, impacted lung function with a t-statistic of 2.522. Marble artisans in Tulungagung with the age of >35 years and a long working period of >5 years with a level of exposure to silica dust >3 mg/m3 and supported by a long working period of >7 hours had great potential for lung function. The recommendation was for home industry entrepreneurs to provide masks according to standards. The role of public health center officers was to monitor the work environment and regularly check home industry workers’ health.
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Margan A, Verlak D, Roj G, Fikfak MD. Occupational exposure to silica dust in Slovenia is grossly underestimated. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:297-302. [PMID: 36607727 PMCID: PMC9985347 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a by-product or material used in various industries crystalline silica contaminates the air many occupational settings. If its fine particles are inhaled, they are deposited in the lungs and may cause the development of silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. The goal of this study was to estimate occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in Slovenia and the associated health risks. To do that, we ran two cross-sectional studies, one to determine the number of workers at risk of occupational exposure to RCS in Slovene industries and the other to determine and classify changes in the lung radiographs of glass factory workers exposed to RCS, as a means to infer health risks for other RCS exposed workers in Slovenia. However, the first study shows that official public data on occupational exposure to silica in Slovenia are unreliable and incomplete and that company representatives strongly underestimate occupational exposure to silica. Measurements of total and silica dust are made by 8.3 % and 1.8 % of companies working with silica, respectively. The second study shows that about a third of the exposed workers had lung changes associated with silicosis. We have failed to achieve the goal of our study, as the obtained data are grossly underestimated and unreliable, but it has opened our eyes as to what needs to be improved. All companies need to systematically be informed about occupational health risks, field inspections need to be consistent, regular, and intensified, and health surveillance of all exposed workers implemented regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Margan
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Institute of Occupational, Traffic, and Sports Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominika Verlak
- Ptuj Medical Centre, Department of Occupational, Traffic, and Sports Medicine, Ptuj, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Roj
- Roj Private Medical Centre, Department of Occupational, Traffic, and Sports Medicine, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenia
| | - Metoda Dodič Fikfak
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Institute of Occupational, Traffic, and Sports Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sahihazar ZM, Ghahramani A, Galvani S, Hajaghazadeh M. Probabilistic health risk assessment of occupational exposure to crystalline silica in an iron foundry in Urmia, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82014-82029. [PMID: 35748987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the exposure of foundry workers to crystalline silica and associated cancer and non-cancer health risks using a probabilistic approach. Breathing zone air samples were collected according to the NIOSH 7602 method and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The health risks posed by crystalline silica were then assessed using the EPA-developed inhalation risk assessment model and Monte Carlo simulation. The sensitivity analysis was also conducted to determine the contribution of input parameters to the health risks. The mean concentration of crystalline silica in six foundry stations ranged from 0.029 to 0.064 mg m-3, exceeding the occupational exposure limits. The average values of cancer risks were greater than the USEPA level, i.e., 1E - 6 in all workstations of the foundry. Workers in sand preparation and molding stations suffered the greatest cancer risks, with the mean value of 2.35E - 5 and 2.10E - 5, respectively. Non-cancer hazard quotient exceeded 1 in all foundry stations ranging from 1.56 (in melting and pouring) to 3.37 (in sand preparation). The 95% upper-bound values of the health risks decreased by 77.52% and 56.77%, assuming the use of engineering controls and wearing respirators by workers, respectively. Sensitivity analyses indicate that concentration was the most sensitive factor contributing to the carcinogenic (46.13%) and non-carcinogenic (67.08%) risks. These findings can aid managers in gaining a better understanding of the silica risks faced by foundry workers and the role of engineering controls and respirators in protecting workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moutab Sahihazar
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ghahramani
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sadjad Galvani
- Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hajaghazadeh
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Airborne LTA Nanozeolites Characterization during the Manufacturing Process and External Sources Interaction with the Workplace Background. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091448. [PMID: 35564157 PMCID: PMC9104400 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanoscale amorphous silica nanomaterials are widespread and used in many industrial sectors. Currently, some types of silicon-based nanozeolites (NZs) have been synthesized, showing potential advantages compared to the analogous micro-forms; otherwise, few studies are yet available regarding their potential toxicity. In this respect, the aim of the present work is to investigate the potential exposure to airborne Linde Type A (LTA) NZs on which toxicological effects have been already assessed. Moreover, the contributions to the background related to the main emission sources coming from the outdoor environment (i.e., vehicular traffic and anthropogenic activities) were investigated as possible confounding factors. For this purpose, an LTA NZ production line in an industrial factory has been studied, according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines on multi-metric approach to investigate airborne nanoparticles at the workplace. The main emission sources of nanoparticulate matter within the working environment have been identified by real-time measurements (particle number concentration, size distribution, average diameter, and lung-deposited surface area). Events due to LTA NZ spillage in the air during the cleaning phases have been chemically and morphologically characterized by ICP-MS and SEM analysis, respectively.
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Armah EK, Adedeji JA, Boafo BB, Opoku AA. Underground Gold Miner Exposure to Noise, Diesel Particulate Matter and Crystalline Silica Dust. J Health Pollut 2021; 11:210301. [PMID: 33815899 PMCID: PMC8009653 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respirable dust, diesel particulate matter, crystalline silica and noise pollution are the most common causes of health issues experienced by underground mine workers. Assessment of exposure levels in relation to standard regulatory body permissible levels is essential for the safety of mine workers. OBJECTIVES The present study compared exposure levels of diesel particulate matter, crystalline silica dust and noise experienced across different underground mine worker job titles. METHODS Subjective sampling was employed using gravimetric air samplers over an 8-hour time weighted average for two periods designated as period 1 (first half of the year) and period 2 (second half of the year). A comparative analysis of exposure levels between job titles and in relation to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) permissible exposure levels (PELs) was performed. RESULTS In the present study, 90% of the selected job titles were over-exposed to noise and 80% were over-exposed to diesel particulate matter. The highest exposures for crystalline silica dust and diesel particulate matter were found in the 40-49-year-old age group. CONCLUSIONS The present study of exposure levels of diesel particulate matter, respirable dust, crystalline silica, and noise during underground gold mining demonstrates that better control mechanisms are needed to protect workers. PARTICIPANT CONSENT Obtained. ETHICS APPROVAL This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K. Armah
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jeremiah A. Adedeji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bright B. Boafo
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Amma A. Opoku
- Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Mastrantonio R, Civisca A, Siciliano E, Inglese E, Lippolis T, Pompei D, Cococcetta L, Scatigna M, Fabiani L. Exposure assessment to inhalable and respirable dust in the post - earthquake construction sites in the city of l'Aquila. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12296. [PMID: 34851000 PMCID: PMC8634115 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following an earthquake that occurred in middle Italy in 2009, the involved territory hosted in 10 years thousands of construction sites. The aim of this study is to assess inhalable, respirable, and respirable crystalline silica exposure of the construction workers involved in the rebuilding activities. METHODS Six construction companies joined the study and hosted the air sampling activities. We identified four work tasks: bricklayer and similar; scaffolder and carpenter; manual demolition; other tasks. We reported 8-h time-weighted concentrations. RESULTS The "All tasks" geometric mean concentration of inhalable dust was 4.73 mg/m3 and the higher, TLV exceeding exposure was observed for "Manual demolition workers" (13.92 mg/m3 , GM). The "All tasks" geometric mean concentration of respirable dust was 0.25 mg/m3 and no TLV-exceeding exposure (geometric mean values) was observed among the work-related groups. About the respirable crystalline silica dust exposure, the "All tasks" average concentration was 0.004 mg/m3 . No TLV-exceeding exposure was observed among the whole data sample. CONCLUSIONS The comparison of the results shows that manual demolition workers are exposed to high levels of inhalable dust, exceeding the TLV-TWA (Threshold Limit Values-Time Weighted Average) limit of 10 mg/m3 . About the respirable dust concentration, none of the analyzed work task dust concentrations exceeded the TLV-TWA limit of 3 mg/m3 (geometric mean values). Measurements of respirable crystalline silica dust have shown levels below the threshold limit value of 0.025 mg/m3 . Our findings overall match with the available scientific data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mastrantonio
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Angela Civisca
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Eugenio Siciliano
- Regional Directorate of AbruzzoNational Institute for Insurance Against Industrial InjuriesL’AquilaItaly
| | - Enrica Inglese
- Local Health Authority of Avezzano‐Sulmona‐L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Tamara Lippolis
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Domenico Pompei
- Local Health Authority of Avezzano‐Sulmona‐L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Lucio Cococcetta
- Ente scuola edile – Comitato paritetico territorialeL'AquilaItaly
| | - Maria Scatigna
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
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Prajapati SS, Nandi SS, Deshmukh A, Dhatrak SV. Exposure profile of respirable crystalline silica in stone mines in India. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2020; 17:531-537. [PMID: 32783703 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2020.1798011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is one of the major occupational lung diseases among stone miners; currently, it is a major concern in India given its 12-30% prevalence. The objective of this study was to determine the exposure profile of respirable dust and crystalline silica concentrations from sandstone, masonry stone, and granite stone mines in India. Personal respirable dust samples were collected from each type of mine and analyzed for dust and respirable crystalline silica concentrations. The mean dust concentrations were found to be 0.47 mg/m3, 1.24 mg/m3, and 3.28 mg/m3 for sandstone, masonry stone, and granite stone mines, respectively. The mean respirable crystalline silica concentrations were 0.12 mg/m3 for sandstone mines and 0.17 mg/m3 for masonry stone and granite stone mines. The concentrations in sandstone mines was below the standard stipulated by the Directorate General of Mine Safety in India (0.15 mg/m3), whereas in the granite and masonry mines the concentrations just exceeded the limit. The Indian standard for respirable crystalline silica is three to six times higher than the standard set elsewhere (i.e., by OSHA, ACGIH®, and Egyptian Labor Law standards). Considering the large number of silicosis cases among stone miners in India, the present standard appears inadequate. It is recommended that the standard be lowered to match international standards that minimize the risk of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivkumar S Prajapati
- Department and Institution: Occupational Hygiene, National Institute of Miners' Health, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subroto S Nandi
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, ICMR, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Deshmukh
- Department and Institution: Occupational Hygiene, National Institute of Miners' Health, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarang V Dhatrak
- Department and Institution: Occupational Hygiene, National Institute of Miners' Health, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Sahri M, Sunaryo M. The Analysis of c-silica Dust Content in Respirable Dust in the Ceramic Industry. THE INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.20473/ijosh.v9i2.2020.205-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure to hazards in the work environment in the ceramic industry includes silica dust and heat temperatures. The purpose of this research was to analyze the respirable dust and c-silica dust, in addition to calculate c-silica dust in respirated dust. In addition, an evaluation of the results of dust measurements was also carried out by comparing it to the threshold value. Method: This was a descriptive study by testing samples of respirable dust and c-silica dust in the work place. The research was conducted at one of the ceramic industries in East Java. Data collection was carried out on all workers in the production division of 39 peoples. The measurement method for respirable dust analysis used the gravimetric method based on NIOSH method (NMAM 0600, 1998), while the analysis of c-silica dust used XRD equipment in accordance with the NIOSH method (NMAM 7500, 2003). Results: The results of the measurement of respirable dust in 39 respondents obtained a range of values of 0.019 - 0.0563 mg/m3 with an average of 0.19 mg/m3, while for c-silica dust, the results were at the range of 0.0020 - 0.3129 mg/m3 with an average of 0.07 mg/m3. The percentage of c-silica dust content in the ceramics industry in residential dust is different by 5 - 74.3% with the average of 34.89%. Conclusion: Evaluation of the results of measurement of respirable dust found that all samples were below the threshold value, while for c-silica dust, there were 27 samples with values above the threshold. On the average, there is 34.89% level of c-silica in respirable dust in the ceramic industry.Keywords: ceramic industry, c-silica, respirable dust
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Mensah MK, Mensah-Darkwa K, Drebenstedt C, Annam BV, Armah EK. Occupational Respirable Mine Dust and Diesel Particulate Matter Hazard Assessment in an Underground Gold Mine in Ghana. J Health Pollut 2020; 10:200305. [PMID: 32175176 PMCID: PMC7058135 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.25.200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underground miners can experience occupational health diseases due to exposure to particulate matter hazards. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine occupational exposures of underground miners to dust and diesel particulate matter and to identify exposure groups with high potential to develop associated health effects due to the presence of dust and diesel particulate matter (DPM) hazards in an underground gold mine in Ghana. METHODS Purposive sampling was employed using gravimetric air samplers over an 8-hour time weighted average period. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analytical Chapter Q and 5040 were used in determining crystalline silica dust and diesel particulate matter fractions, respectively. Structured questionnaires were administered to gather data on workers' level of awareness to dust and DPM exposures. RESULTS It was found that 41% of the sampled groups were exposed to higher crystalline silica levels above the (NIOSH) permissible exposure limit (PEL) level of 0.05 mg/m3. For DPM, 49% of these groups had exposures above the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) PEL level of 160 μg/m3. Among the 94 mine workers who responded to this study, 62% were found to be aware of the presence and hazardous nature of silica dust, 28% had minimal knowledge and the remaining were found to be unaware. CONCLUSIONS There are varying levels of dust and DPM due to the presence of silica-bearing rocks, the production of diesel fumes and inefficiencies of available mitigation measures. Research carried out over the past decades has found confirmed cases of silicosis and lung cancer due to high dust exposure levels. Rock drillers, blast men and shotcrete operators were found to be exposed to higher levels of dust and diesel particulate matter and are at greater risk of silicosis. PARTICIPANT CONSENT Obtained. ETHICS APPROVAL This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana and carried out under full consent of the mining company under study. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Mensah
- Department of Material Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Mensah-Darkwa
- Department of Material Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Carsten Drebenstedt
- Institute of Mining and Special Civil Engineering, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Bright V Annam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, University for Development Studies, Ghana
| | - Edward K Armah
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Blood Oxidative Stress Levels in Workers Exposed to Respirable Crystalline Silica in the West of Iran. HEALTH SCOPE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.85622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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