1
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Controlled deprotection of poly(2-(tert-butoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl methacrylate) using p-toluenesulfonic esters as thermally latent acid catalysts. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Lang M, Hirner S, Wiesbrock F, Fuchs P. A Review on Modeling Cure Kinetics and Mechanisms of Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102074. [PMID: 35631956 PMCID: PMC9145830 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerizations, in which the initiation of a chemical-physical reaction occurs by the exposure of photosensitive monomers to a high-intensity light source, have become a well-accepted technology for manufacturing polymers. Providing significant advantages over thermal-initiated polymerizations, including fast and controllable reaction rates, as well as spatial and temporal control over the formation of material, this technology has found a large variety of industrial applications. The reaction mechanisms and kinetics are quite complex as the system moves quickly from a liquid monomer mixture to a solid polymer. Therefore, the study of curing kinetics is of utmost importance for industrial applications, providing both the understanding of the process development and the improvement of the quality of parts manufactured via photopolymerization. Consequently, this review aims at presenting the materials and curing chemistry of such ultrafast crosslinking polymerization reactions as well as the research efforts on theoretical models to reproduce cure kinetics and mechanisms for free-radical and cationic photopolymerizations including diffusion-controlled phenomena and oxygen inhibition reactions in free-radical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Lang
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-384-242-962-753
| | - Stefan Hirner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, University of Technology Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, University of Technology Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Peter Fuchs
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
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3
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Abstract
Spatial, temporal, and remote control of proton chemistry can be achieved by using photoacids, which are molecules that transform from weak to strong acids under light. Most of proton chemistry is driven by a high concentration of protons ([H+]), which is difficult to obtain using excited-state photoacids. Metastable-stable state photoacids (mPAHs) can reversibly generate a high [H+] under visible light with a moderate intensity. It has been widely applied in different fields, e.g. fueling dissipative assemblies, driving molecular machines, controlling organic reactions, powering nanoreactors, curing diseases, manipulating DNA and proteins, developing smart materials, capturing carbon dioxide in air etc. This article compares mPAH with excited-state photoacid as well as common acids e.g. HCl to explain its advantages. Recent studies on the thermal dynamics, kinetics, and photoreaction of mPAHs are reported. The advantages and disadvantages of the three types of mPAHs, i.e. merocyanine, indazole, and TCF mPAHs, are compared with regard to photo-induced [H+], switching rate, and other properties. The mechanisms of controlling or driving functional systems, which involve acid-base reactions, acid catalyzed reactions, ionic bonding, coordination bonding, hydrogen bonding, ion exchange, cation-π interaction, solubility, swellability, permeability, and pH change in biosystems, are described. Applications of mPAHs in the chemical, material, energy, biotechnology and biomedical fields published in the past 5 years are reviewed. Prospects in the development and application of mPAHs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W University Blvd, Melbourne, Florida, USA.
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4
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Zeppuhar AN, Wolf SM, Falvey DE. Photoacid Generators Activated through Sequential Two-Photon Excitation: 1-Sulfonatoxy-2-alkoxyanthraquinone Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5227-5236. [PMID: 34129332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two sulfonate ester derivatives of anthraquinone, 1-tosyloxy-2-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (1a) and 1-trifluoromethylsulfonoxy-2-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (1b), were prepared and their ability to produce strong acids upon photoexcitation was examined. It is shown that these compounds generate acid with a yield that increases with light intensity when the applied photon dose is held constant. Additional experiments show that the rate of acid generation increases fourfold when visible light (532 nm) laser pulses are combined with ultraviolet (355 nm) compared with ultraviolet alone. Continuous wave diode laser photolysis also affects acid generation with a rate that depends quadratically on the light intensity. Density functional theory calculations, laser flash photolysis, and chemical trapping experiments support a mechanism, whereby an initially formed triplet state (T1) is excited to a higher triplet state which in turn undergoes homolysis of the RS(O2)-OAr bond. Secondary reactions of the initially formed sulfonyl radicals produce strong acids. It is demonstrated that high-intensity photolysis of either 1a or 1b can initiate cationic polymerization of ethyl vinyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Zeppuhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Steven M Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel E Falvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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5
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Kaiser C, Halbritter T, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Proton-Transfer Dynamics of Photoacidic Merocyanines in Aqueous Solution. Chemistry 2021; 27:9160-9173. [PMID: 33929051 PMCID: PMC8361770 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoacids attract increasing scientific attention, as they are valuable tools to spatiotemporally control proton-release reactions and pH values of solutions. We present the first time-resolved spectroscopic study of the excited state and proton-release dynamics of prominent merocyanine representatives. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements of a pyridine merocyanine with two distinct protonation sites revealed dissimilar proton-release mechanisms: one site acts as a photoacid generator as its pKa value is modulated in the ground state after photoisomerization, while the other functions as an excited state photoacid which releases its proton within 1.1 ps. With a pKa drop of 8.7 units to -5.5 upon excitation, the latter phenolic site is regarded a super-photoacid. The 6-nitro derivative exhibits only a phenolic site with similar, yet slightly less photoacidic characteristics and both compounds transfer their proton to methanol and ethanol. In contrast, for the related 6,8-dinitro compound an intramolecular proton transfer to the ortho-nitro group is suggested that is involved in a rapid relaxation into the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kaiser
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Science InstituteUniversity of IcelandDunhaga 3Reykjavikpostcode is missingIceland
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
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6
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7
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Petko F, Świeży A, Ortyl J. Photoinitiating systems and kinetics of frontal photopolymerization processes – the prospects for efficient preparation of composites and thick 3D structures. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The frontal photopolymerisation combining a versatile interest in many applications and economic efficiency is destined to occupy a growing polymer economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Petko
- Photo HiTech Ltd, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Świeży
- Photo HiTech Ltd, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Photo HiTech Ltd, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
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8
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Azulenesulfonium and azulenebis(sulfonium) salts: Formation by interrupted Pummerer reaction and subsequent derivatisation by nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Tian N, Sun W, Feng Y, Guo X, Lu J, Li C, Hou Y, Wang X, Zhou Q. Chloromethyl-modified Ru(ii) complexes enabling large pH jumps at low concentrations through photoinduced hydrolysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9949-9953. [PMID: 32190237 PMCID: PMC7066672 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03957k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-induced hydrolysis of benzyl chlorides was first utilized to fabricate PAGs with high photoacid quantum yields and large photoacid capacities.
Photoacid generators (PAGs) are finding increasing applications in spatial and temporal modulation of biological events in vitro and in vivo. In these applications, large pH jumps at low PAG concentrations are of great importance to achieve maximal expected manipulation but minimal unwanted interference. To this end, both high photoacid quantum yield and capacity are essential, where the capacity refers to the proton number that a PAG molecule can release. Up to now, most PAGs only produce one proton for each molecule. In this work, the hydrolysis reaction of benzyl chlorides was successfully leveraged to develop a novel type of PAG. Upon visible light irradiation, Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes modified with chloromethyl groups can undergo full hydrolysis with photoacid quantum yield as high as 0.6. Depending on the number of the chloromethyl groups, the examined Ru(ii) complexes can release multiple protons per molecule, leading to large pH jumps at very low PAG concentrations, a feature particularly favorable for bio-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Weize Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Yuanjun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
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10
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Yang L, Caire da Silva L, Thérien-Aubin H, Bannwarth MB, Landfester K. A Reversible Proton Generator with On/Off Thermoswitch. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800713. [PMID: 30536529 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A reversible polymer photoacid with a thermal on/off switch at physiological temperature able to trigger a large pH modulation of its environment is prepared. Light is used to control the acidity of the solution. Additionally, the temperature could be used to modulate the photoacid efficiency, practically turning on and off the ability of the polymer to produce protons. The behavior of this thermoresponsive photoacid copolymer is the result of the combined action of the temperature-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide and of a reversible photoacid monomer based on a spiropyran derivative. The acidification of the aqueous medium is activated by irradiation at λ = 460 nm. The reverse reaction is achieved by removing the light stimuli or by exposing the solution to UV-light. Increasing the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of the copolymer deactivates the photoacid and irradiation at λ = 460 nm does not lead to the generation of protons or to any detectable change in the pH value of the solution. Hence, the addition of N-isopropylacrylamide as a comonomer acts as a thermal on/off switch for the photoacid and the coupling of temperature-and light-responsiveness in the polyphotoacids yields a "thermophotoacid".
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg, 10, Germany
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11
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Torti E, Protti S, Bollanti S, Flora F, Torre A, Brusatin G, Gerardino A, Businaro L, Fagnoni M, Della Giustina G, Mezi L. Aryl Sulfonates as Initiators for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography: Applications in Epoxy-Based Hybrid Materials. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Torti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; V.Le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; V.Le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Sarah Bollanti
- Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department; ENEA; Via Enrico Fermi 45 00044 Frascati Rome) Italy
| | - Francesco Flora
- Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department; ENEA; Via Enrico Fermi 45 00044 Frascati Rome) Italy
| | - Amalia Torre
- Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department; ENEA; Via Enrico Fermi 45 00044 Frascati Rome) Italy
| | - Giovanna Brusatin
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 9 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Annamaria Gerardino
- Photonics and Nanotechnologies Institute, CNR; Via Cineto Romano 42 00156 Rome Italy
| | - Luca Businaro
- Photonics and Nanotechnologies Institute, CNR; Via Cineto Romano 42 00156 Rome Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; V.Le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Gioia Della Giustina
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 9 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Luca Mezi
- Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department; ENEA; Via Enrico Fermi 45 00044 Frascati Rome) Italy
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12
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Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA). Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Wu Y, Wu L. Acid generation by 1,4-bis(phenylsulfonyloxy)benzene and their photochemical mechanism. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Wang Z, Liao Y. Reversible dissolution/formation of polymer nanoparticles controlled by visible light. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14070-14073. [PMID: 27389863 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02163h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent crosslinking between polyvinyl pyridine and a copolymer of acrylic acid led to the formation of a polymer nanoparticle. In the presence of a metastable-state photoacid, reversible dissolution and formation of the nanoparticle can be controlled by visible light. Photo-induced proton transfer from the photoacid to the polymers broke the hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding and led to the dissolution of the nanoparticle. Cycles of dissolution and formation were controlled by turning on and off irradiation, and were demonstrated by the transmittance change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
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15
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Song L, Ye Q, Ge X, Misra A, Tamerler C, Spencer P. Self-Strengthening Hybrid Dental Adhesive via Visible-light Irradiation Triple Polymerization. RSC Adv 2016; 6:52434-52447. [PMID: 27774144 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-strengthening methacrylate-based dental adhesive system was developed by introducing an epoxy cyclohexyl trimethoxysilane (TS) which contains both epoxy and methoxysilyl functional groups. The experimental formulation, HEMA/BisGMA/TS (22.5/27.5/50, wt%), was polymerized by visible-light. Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate in situ the free radical polymerization of methacrylate, ring-opening cationic polymerization of epoxy, and photoacid-induced sol-gel reactions. Among the three simultaneous reactions, the reaction rate of the free radical polymerization was the highest and the hydrolysis/condensation rate was the lowest. With 40s-irradiation, the degrees of conversion of the double bond and epoxy groups at 600 s were 73.2±1.2%, 87.9±2.4%, respectively. Hydrolysis of the methoxysilyl group was initially <5%, and increased gradually to about 50% after 48 h dark storage. Photoacids generated through the visible-light-induced reaction were effective in catalyzing both epoxy ring-opening polymerization and methoxysilyl sol-gel reaction. The mechanical properties of copolymers made with TS concentrations from 5 to 35 wt% were obtained using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In wet conditions, the storage moduli at 70 °C and glass transition temperature were significantly higher than that of the control (p<0.05); these properties increased with TS concentration and storage time. The post reaction of hydrolysis/condensation of alkoxysilane could provide persistent strengthening whether in a neutral or acidic environment and these characteristics could lead to enhanced mechanical properties in the oral environment. The cumulative amount of leached species decreased significantly in the TS-containing copolymers. These results provide valuable information for the development of dental adhesives with reduced leaching of methacrylate monomers and enhanced mechanical properties under the wet, oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyong Song
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Xueping Ge
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.; University of Kansas, Department of Civil Engineering, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.; University of Kansas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.; University of Kansas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
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16
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Maréchal D, Allonas X, Lecompère M, Criqui A. Novel Dual-Cure Initiating System for Cationic Polymerization of Epoxides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Maréchal
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Maxime Lecompère
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Adrien Criqui
- Mäder; 130 rue de la Mer Rouge 68200 Mulhouse France
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17
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DABCO- and DBU-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate as latent thermal catalysts in the copolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Yang C, Khalil T, Liao Y. Photocontrolled proton transfer in solution and polymers using a novel photoacid with strong C–H acidity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12966h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A easily-prepared photoacid with low O–H dark acidity and high C–H photoacidity reversibly protonated different acidochromic dyes in polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Florida Institute of Technology
- Melbourne
- USA
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
| | - Thaaer Khalil
- Department of Chemistry
- Florida Institute of Technology
- Melbourne
- USA
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry
- Florida Institute of Technology
- Melbourne
- USA
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19
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Ligon-Auer SC, Schwentenwein M, Gorsche C, Stampfl J, Liska R. Toughening of photo-curable polymer networks: a review. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys relevant scientific papers and patents on the development of crosslinked epoxies and also photo-curable polymers based on multifunctional acrylates with improved toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon-Auer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | | | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- Vienna
- Austria
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
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20
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Arimitsu K, Tomota K, Fuse S, Kudo K, Furutani M. A non-linear organic reaction of malonate derivative as a base amplifier to generate imidazoles without producing gas. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel base amplifier that is decomposed autocatalytically to generate imidazoles without producing gas has been designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Arimitsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
| | - K. Tomota
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
| | - S. Fuse
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
| | - K. Kudo
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
- Central Research Laboratory
| | - M. Furutani
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
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21
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Abeyrathna N, Liao Y. A Reversible Photoacid Functioning in PBS Buffer under Visible Light. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11282-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawodi Abeyrathna
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
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22
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Crivello JV. Aryl Epoxides as Accelerators for the Photopolymerization of Oxetane Monomers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1018803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bijelic-Donova J, Garoushi S, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK. Oxygen inhibition layer of composite resins: effects of layer thickness and surface layer treatment on the interlayer bond strength. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 123:53-60. [PMID: 25556290 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An oxygen inhibition layer develops on surfaces exposed to air during polymerization of particulate filling composite. This study assessed the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer of short-fiber-reinforced composite in comparison with conventional particulate filling composites. The effect of an oxygen inhibition layer on the shear bond strength of incrementally placed particulate filling composite layers was also evaluated. Four different restorative composites were selected: everX Posterior (a short-fiber-reinforced composite), Z250, SupremeXT, and Silorane. All composites were evaluated regarding the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer and for shear bond strength. An equal amount of each composite was polymerized in air between two glass plates and the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer was measured using a stereomicroscope. Cylindrical-shaped specimens were prepared for measurement of shear bond strength by placing incrementally two layers of the same composite material. Before applying the second composite layer, the first increment's bonding site was treated as follows: grinding with 1,000-grit silicon-carbide (SiC) abrasive paper, or treatment with ethanol or with water-spray. The inhibition depth was lowest (11.6 μm) for water-sprayed Silorane and greatest (22.9 μm) for the water-sprayed short-fiber-reinforced composite. The shear bond strength ranged from 5.8 MPa (ground Silorane) to 36.4 MPa (water-sprayed SupremeXT). The presence of an oxygen inhibition layer enhanced the interlayer shear bond strength of all investigated materials, but its absence resulted in cohesive and mixed failures only with the short-fiber-reinforced composite. Thus, more durable adhesion with short-fiber-reinforced composite is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Bijelic-Donova
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Kanazawa A, Kanda S, Kanaoka S, Aoshima S. Alkoxyoxirane, a Unique Cyclic Monomer: Controlled Cationic Homopolymerization Mediated by Long-Lived Species and Copolymerization with Vinyl Ether via Alkoxy Group Transfer. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502151q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shungo Kanda
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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25
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Johns VK, Patel PK, Hassett S, Calvo-Marzal P, Qin Y, Chumbimuni-Torres KY. Visible Light Activated Ion Sensing Using a Photoacid Polymer for Calcium Detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6184-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500956j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentine K. Johns
- Department
of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Parth K. Patel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Shelly Hassett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Percy Calvo-Marzal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Yu Qin
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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26
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Mei H, DesMarteau DD. Bis(diaryliodonium) perfluorosulfonimide zwitterions as potential photo acid generators. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Johns VK, Peng P, DeJesus J, Wang Z, Liao Y. Visible-Light-Responsive Reversible Photoacid Based on a Metastable Carbanion. Chemistry 2013; 20:689-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Johns VK, Wang Z, Li X, Liao Y. Physicochemical Study of a Metastable-State Photoacid. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13101-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409111m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentine K. Johns
- Department
of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Xinxue Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
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29
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Alber C, Shi Z, Johns VK, Lafave S, Liao Y. Photo-induced protonation and conductivity of polyaniline/poly(ethylene glycol) and polyaniline/[poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted polyaniline] composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Bulut U, Yilmaz S, Yigitsoy B, Toppare L. Long Wavelength Photosensitizers for Diaryliodonium Salts Based on the 2-Benzyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole Skeleton. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.672060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Wang YX, Leung MK. 4,4′,4″-Tris(acetoxymethylene)triphenylamine: An Efficient Photoacid Promoted Chemical Cross-Linker for Polyvinylcarbozole and Its Applications for Photolithographic Hole-Transport Materials. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2018217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC
| | - Man-kit Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC
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32
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Miygawa N, Kishimoto Y. Direct and Sensitized Photolysis of Cyclic Iodine Compounds as Photo-acid Generator. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2011. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.24.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Padmanaban M, Kudo T, Chakrapani S, Dioses A, Ng E, Neisser M, Miyazaki S, Miyamoto K, Akiyama Y, Ishizu Y. PAG and Quencher Effects on DBARC Performance. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2011. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.24.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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