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Kang D, Lee JI, Maeng B, Lee S, Kwon Y, Kang MS, Park J, Kim J. Safe, Durable, and Sustainable Self-Powered Smart Contact Lenses. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15827-15836. [PMID: 36069332 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Smart contact lenses have the potential to serve as noninvasive healthcare devices or virtual displays. However, their implementation is limited by the lack of suitable power sources for microelectronic devices. This Article demonstrates smart contact lenses with fully embedded glucose fuel cells that are safe, flexible, and durable against deformations. These fuel cells produced stable power throughout the day or during intermittent use after storage for weeks. When the lenses were exposed to 0.05 mM glucose solution, a steady-state maximum power density of 4.4 μW/cm2 was achieved by optimizing the chemistry and porous structure of the fuel cell components. Additionally, even after bending the lenses in half 100 times, the fuel cell performance was maintained without any mechanical failure. Lastly, when the fuel cells were connected to electroresponsive hydrogel capacitors, we could clearly distinguish between the tear glucose levels under normal and diabetic conditions through the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ik Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohee Maeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyul Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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Kabir MH, Marquez E, Djokoto G, Parker M, Weinstein T, Ghann W, Uddin J, Ali MM, Alam MM, Thompson M, Poyraz AS, Msimanga HZ, Rahman MM, Rulison M, Cramer J. Energy Harvesting by Mesoporous Reduced Graphene Oxide Enhanced the Mediator-Free Glucose-Powered Enzymatic Biofuel Cell for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24229-24244. [PMID: 35594363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing electrochemical energy in an engineered electrical circuit from biochemical substrates in the human body using biofuel cells is gaining increasing research attention in the current decade due to the wide range of biomedical possibilities it creates for electronic devices. In this report, we describe and characterize the construction of just such an enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC). It is simple, mediator-free, and glucose-powered, employing only biocompatible materials. A novel feature is the two-dimensional mesoporous thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) host electrode. An additionally novelty is that we explored the potential of using biocompatible, low-cost filter paper (FP) instead of carbon paper, a conductive polymer, or gold as support for the host electrode. Using glucose (C6H12O6) and molecular oxygen (O2) as the power-generating fuel, the cell consists of a pair of bioelectrodes incorporating immobilized enzymes, the bioanode modified by rGO-glucose oxidase (GOx/rGO), and the biocathode modified by rGO-laccase (Lac/rGO). Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques have been employed to investigate the surface morphology, defects, and chemical structure of rGO, GOx/rGO, and Lac/rGO. N2 sorption, SEM/EDX, and powder X-ray diffraction revealed a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (179 m2 g-1) mesoporous rGO structure with the high C/O ratio of 80:1 as well. Results from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies indicated that GOx remained in its native biochemical functional form upon being embedded onto the rGO matrix. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the presence of mesoporous rGO greatly enhanced the direct electrochemistry and electrocatalytic properties of the GOx/rGO and Lac/rGO nanocomposites. The electron transfer rate constant between GOx and rGO was estimated to be 2.14 s-1. The fabricated EBFC (GOx/rGO/FP-Lac/rGO/FP) using a single GOx/rGO/FP bioanode and a single Lac/rGO/FP biocathode provides a maximum power density (Pmax) of 4.0 nW cm-2 with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.04 V and remains stable for more than 15 days with a power output of ∼9.0 nW cm-2 at a pH of 7.4 under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Humayun Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Occupational Health Science, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama 35632, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia 30319, United States
| | - Erik Marquez
- Department of Chemistry, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia 30319, United States
| | - Grace Djokoto
- Department of Chemistry, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia 30319, United States
| | - Maurice Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia 30319, United States
| | - Talia Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia 30319, United States
| | - William Ghann
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21216, United States
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21216, United States
| | - Meser M Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | - Max Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Altug S Poyraz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Huggins Z Msimanga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Rulison
- Department of Physics, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia 30319, United States
| | - John Cramer
- Department of Physics, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia 30319, United States
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Sakthivel M, Ramaraj S, Chen SM, Chen TW, Ho KC. Transition-Metal-Doped Molybdenum Diselenides with Defects and Abundant Active Sites for Efficient Performances of Enzymatic Biofuel Cell and Supercapacitor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18483-18493. [PMID: 31038915 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the synthesis of defect-rich Ni-doped MoSe2 nanoplates (NiMoSe2) and their application as an efficient electrocatalyst for enzymatic biofuel cells and electrochemical pseudocapacitors. In this study, a new type of interpretation is proposed that a defective surface facilitates the effective entrapment of enzymes (glucose oxidase (GOD), laccase) for biofuel cells and additional ion diffusion for Faradic charge-discharge reaction. The transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy techniques scrutinized the formation of defects/distortions and the resultant successful entrapment of enzymes. The performed electrochemical characterizations of enzyme-immobilized NiMoSe2/nickel foam (NF) bioanode (NiMoSe2/GOD/NF) and biocathode (NiMoSe2/laccase/NF) exhibited better direct charge conductive behavior at the interface of enzymes and electrode material. Herein, the assembled biofuel cells exhibited an open-circuit voltage ( VOC = 0.6 V) and a short-circuit current density ( JSC = 8.629 mA cm-2) with a maximum power density ( Pmax) of 1.2 mW cm-2. For the electrochemical pseudocapacitor application, the proposed NiMoSe2/NF exhibited excellent specific capacitance (535.74 F g-1), with 86.7% rate performance. Finally, this work suggests new insights into both enzymatic biofuel cell and supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukanya Ramaraj
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
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Tsao CW, Guo XC, Hu WW. Highly stretchable conductive polypyrrole film on a three dimensional porous polydimethylsiloxane surface fabricated by a simple soft lithography process. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We create an elastic porous polydimethylsiloxane highly stretchable conductive substrate. The surface is fabricated by a simple soft lithography process that replicates the 3D corrugated porous microstructures from a low-cost commercially available abrasive paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
- Centre for Biomedical Cell Engineering
| | - Xu-Cheng Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Hu
- Centre for Biomedical Cell Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering
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