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Lochbaum R, Hoffmann TK, Greve J, Hahn J. Concomitant medication in patients with bradykinin-mediated angioedema - there's more than ACE inhibitors. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1283-1289. [PMID: 37483139 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin-mediated angioedema is a rare, non-allergic, potentially life-threatening disease. ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema and hereditary angioedema (HAE) are the two most common presentations. Therapeutic options, pathophysiology and diagnosis continue to be investigated, with considerable progress in HAE over the last few decades. For all patients with bradykinin-mediated angioedema, there are several medications that should be avoided or administered with caution. Some of the triggering medications are well known, while others are suspected or of unknown significance. A common denominator is that there is no approved therapy for bradykinin-mediated angioedema as a drug side effect. Some medications, such as tissue plasminogen activator, have a higher incidence of angioedema with potential airway compromise than ACE inhibitors, although this fact is widely underappreciated. In this review, we aim to summarize what is currently known and recommended about concomitant medication in HAE patients and the interaction of other bradykinin-influencing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lochbaum
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Greve
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janina Hahn
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Lochbaum R, Hoffmann TK, Greve J, Hahn J. Medikamente als Auslöser Bradykinin-vermittelter Angioödeme - mehr als ACE-Hemmer. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1283-1290. [PMID: 37946655 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15154_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungBradykinin‐vermittelte Angioödeme sind seltene, nichtallergische und potenziell lebensbedrohliche Krankheiten. Die beiden bekanntesten Formen sind das ACE‐Hemmer‐induzierte Angioödem und das hereditäre Angioödem (HAE). Die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten, die Pathophysiologie und die Diagnostik werden weiter erforscht, wobei beim HAE in den letzten Jahrzehnten erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt wurden. Für alle Patienten mit Bradykinin‐vermittelten Angioödemen gibt es Medikamente, die vermieden oder mit Vorsicht verabreicht werden sollten. Einige dieser auslösenden Medikamente sind gut bekannt, bei anderen wird ein Zusammenhang vermutet oder ihre Bedeutung ist unbekannt. Ein gemeinsamer Nenner ist, dass es keine zugelassene Therapie für das Bradykinin‐vermittelte Angioödem als Arzneimittelnebenwirkung gibt. Bei einigen Medikamenten, wie dem gewebespezifischen Plasminogenaktivator, ist die Inzidenz von Angioödemen mit möglicher Beeinträchtigung der Atemwege höher als bei ACE‐Hemmern, wobei diese Tatsache weitgehend unterschätzt wird. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit fassen wir zusammen, was derzeit über die Begleitmedikation bei HAE‐Patienten und die Interaktion mit anderen Bradykinin‐beeinflussenden Medikamenten bekannt ist und empfohlen wird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lochbaum
- Abteilung für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Abteilung für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| | - Jens Greve
- Abteilung für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| | - Janina Hahn
- Abteilung für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
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Kanepa A, Nartisa I, Rots D, Gailite L, Farkas H, Kurjane N. National survey on clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with hereditary angioedema in Latvia. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:28. [PMID: 37031173 PMCID: PMC10082512 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and life-threatening inborn error of immunity. HAE is mostly caused by pathogenic variations in the serine protease inhibitor gene 1 (SERPING1), leading to deficient or dysfunctional C1-inhibitor (C1-INH), overproduction of bradykinin, and development of recurrent subcutaneous and/or submucosal oedema. The prevalence of HAE is 1 in 50,000 - 100000 people worldwide. We aimed to describe the clinical features and genetic spectrum of hereditary angioedema with C1-INH deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) in Latvia. METHODS All patients from Latvia diagnosed with HAE (types I/II) from 2006 to March 2022 were included in the study. Laboratory tests and clinical data were analysed, and genetic tests with Sanger sequencing and whole genome sequencing were performed. RESULTS The study identified 10 C1-INH-HAE patients (nine females, one male) from eight families. The point prevalence of HAE in Latvia is 0.53 per 100 000 inhabitants. Of all patients, seven (70%) had HAE type I and three (30%) had HAE type II. The median age of patients was 54 years and the median age at onset of symptoms was 15 years. A significant delay (median 20.5 years) until diagnosis was observed, and 60% of patients had a positive family history of angioedema. All HAE patients have been hospitalised a median two times during their lifetime. Skin (100%), abdominal (80%), and airway (80%) oedema were the most frequent symptoms. Triggering factors (60%) and prodromal symptoms (90%) were referred. Attacks were severe in 50% of patients, moderate in 10%, and mild in 40%. Pathogenic variations of SERPING1 were identified in eight patients (six families), confirming the diagnosis molecularly. In two patients (two families), no pathogenic variations in the genes were found even after whole genome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Current data shows a significant delay and clear underdiagnosis of HAE in Latvia. Higher awareness and better information and communication between doctors would improve the diagnosis and management of HAE; as would screening of family members, patients with recurrent angioedema unresponsive to antihistamines and glucocorticoids, and patients with recurrent episodes of severe, unexplained abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adine Kanepa
- Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Inga Nartisa
- Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dmitrijs Rots
- Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Linda Gailite
- Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natalja Kurjane
- Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Hereditary Angioedema During Pregnancy: Considerations in Management. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2023; 43:145-157. [PMID: 36411000 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hereditary angioedema (HAE) management has substantially advanced but also become more complex with additional therapeutic options. Pregnancy significantly influences the clinical symptoms of HAE in many women because of estrogen effects or other physiologic factors, and also introduces important safety concerns related to HAE medications. Management of HAE during pregnancy requires clinicians to be familiar with the potential clinical course, triggers, and recommended treatment strategies to provide guidance and optimal medical management to women and families affected by the condition. This review provides an overview of data, considerations, and recommendations related to HAE and pregnancy.
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Taha OS, Abi Melhem R, Taha Y, Meyer D, Assaad M. A patient with hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal C1-INH and SLE with pregnancy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:120-121. [PMID: 37780110 PMCID: PMC10510006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The case of a 24-year-old female patient with hereditary angioedema, a normal C1 esterase inhibitor level, SLE, and pregnancy is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marc Assaad
- Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY
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Cancian M, Triggianese P, Modica S, Arcoleo F, Bignardi D, Brussino L, Colangelo C, Di Agosta E, Firinu D, Guarino MD, Giardino F, Giliberti M, Montinaro V, Senter R. The impact of puberty on the onset, frequency, location, and severity of attacks in hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency: A survey from the Italian Network for Hereditary and Acquired Angioedema (ITACA). Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1141073. [PMID: 37144145 PMCID: PMC10152551 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1141073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency is influenced by hormonal factors, with a more severe course of disease in women. Our study aims to deepen the impact of puberty on onset, frequency, location and severity of attacks. Methods Retrospective data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and shared by 10 Italian reference centers of the Italian Network for Hereditary and Acquired Angioedema (ITACA). Results The proportion of symptomatic patients increased significantly after puberty (98.2% vs 83.9%, p=0.002 in males; 96.3% vs 68,4%, p<0.001 in females); the monthly mean of acute attacks was significantly higher after puberty, and this occurred both in females (median (IQR) = 0.41(2) in the three years before puberty vs 2(2.17) in the three years after, p<0.001) and in males (1(1.92) vs 1.25(1.56) respectively, p<0.001). The increase was greater in females. No significant differences were detected in attack location before and after puberty. Discussion Overall, our study confirms previous reports on a more severe phenotype in the female gender. Puberty predisposes to increased numbers of angioedema attacks, in particular in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cancian
- UOSD Allergologia, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: Mauro Cancian
| | | | | | - Francesco Arcoleo
- UOC di Patologia Clinica e Immunologia, AOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Brussino
- University Hospital Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ester Di Agosta
- Immunoallergology unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Giardino
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico “G.Rodolico-San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Marica Giliberti
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Senter
- UOSD Allergologia, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Oztop N, Demir S, Toprak ID, Unal D, Gelincik A. Positive perception of COVID-19 vaccination in HAE: No significant impact of vaccination on disease course. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:546-554. [PMID: 36335410 PMCID: PMC9645734 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are some adverse effects with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, but the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on attacks in hereditary angioedema (HAE) is not well defined. Objective: We aimed to investigate the influence of COVID-19 vaccination on the course of HAE. Method: The COVID-19 vaccination status was determined in 140 adult patients with HAE. The number and severity of attacks recorded from patients' diaries were evaluated at four different periods, comprising 1 month before the first dose, the period between the first and the second doses of COVID-19 vaccine in all the patients, the period between the second dose and the third doses in those who received three doses, and 1 month after the last vaccination dose. The disease and attack severities were assessed with the disease severity score (DSS) and 10-point visual analog scale, respectively. The patients were divided into two main groups as group 1 (those who had at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccines [n = 114]) and group 2 (those who had no vaccination [n = 26]). Only Sinovac and Biontech, which were only approved in Turkey. Results: The mean ± standard deviation DSS was significantly higher in the patients who experienced an attack after vaccination within 48 hours (6.61 ± 1.88 versus 4.14 ± 1.69; p < 0.001). Long-term prophylaxis was less common in the patients with an increased number of attacks (n = 5 (27.8%) versus n = 54 (56.3%); p = 0.027). The number of patients with less than a high school education was higher in group 2 (n = 23 [88.5%]) than in group 1 (n = 26 [3.1%]) (p < 0.001). The number of patients who had concerns about the triggering of a vaccine-induced HAE attack or about the possible vaccine adverse effects was higher in group 2 (n = 26 [100%]) than in group 1 (n = 74 [64.9%]). Conclusion: It seems that COVID-19 vaccination does not increase HAE attacks regardless of the type of the vaccines. We recommend that HAE activity should be under control before COVID-19 vaccination, and the patients should be well informed about the safety of the vaccines.
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Mendoza-Alvarez A, Tosco-Herrera E, Muñoz-Barrera A, Rubio-Rodríguez LA, Alonso-Gonzalez A, Corrales A, Iñigo-Campos A, Almeida-Quintana L, Martin-Fernandez E, Martinez-Beltran D, Perez-Rodriguez E, Callero A, Garcia-Robaina JC, González-Montelongo R, Marcelino-Rodriguez I, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Flores C. A catalog of the genetic causes of hereditary angioedema in the Canary Islands (Spain). Front Immunol 2022; 13:997148. [PMID: 36203598 PMCID: PMC9531158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease where known causes involve C1 inhibitor dysfunction or dysregulation of the kinin cascade. The updated HAE management guidelines recommend performing genetic tests to reach a precise diagnosis. Unfortunately, genetic tests are still uncommon in the diagnosis routine. Here, we characterized for the first time the genetic causes of HAE in affected families from the Canary Islands (Spain). Whole-exome sequencing data was obtained from 41 affected patients and unaffected relatives from 29 unrelated families identified in the archipelago. The Hereditary Angioedema Database Annotation (HADA) tool was used for pathogenicity classification and causal variant prioritization among the genes known to cause HAE. Manual reclassification of prioritized variants was used in those families lacking known causal variants. We detected a total of eight different variants causing HAE in this patient series, affecting essentially SERPING1 and F12 genes, one of them being a novel SERPING1 variant (c.686-12A>G) with a predicted splicing effect which was reclassified as likely pathogenic in one family. Altogether, the diagnostic yield by assessing previously reported causal genes and considering variant reclassifications according to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines reached 66.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 30.1-91.0) in families with more than one affected member and 10.0% (95% CI: 1.8-33.1) among cases without family information for the disease. Despite the genetic causes of many patients remain to be identified, our results reinforce the need of genetic tests as first-tier diagnostic tool in this disease, as recommended by the international WAO/EAACI guidelines for the management of HAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Tosco-Herrera
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Adrian Muñoz-Barrera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis A. Rubio-Rodríguez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Aitana Alonso-Gonzalez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Almudena Corrales
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Iñigo-Campos
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lourdes Almeida-Quintana
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Elena Martin-Fernandez
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario Dr. Molina Orosa, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Dara Martinez-Beltran
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eva Perez-Rodriguez
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ariel Callero
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose C. Garcia-Robaina
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Itahisa Marcelino-Rodriguez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Area, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Flores,
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. Asthma biomarkers and COVID-19 continue to dominate current medical issues. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:363-367. [PMID: 36065102 PMCID: PMC9465642 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zanichelli A, Suffritti C, Popescu Janu V, Merlo A, Cogliati C. Real-Life Experience With Subcutaneous Plasma-Derived C1-Inhibitor for Long-Term Prophylaxis in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema: A Case Series. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:818741. [PMID: 35958941 PMCID: PMC9361474 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.818741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is characterized by swelling attacks that may be even life-threatening. To reduce the frequency of attacks, some patients need a long-term prophylaxis (LTP). In addition to the intravenous administration, plasma-derived C1-inhibitor (pdC1-INH) has been proved effective also if administered subcutaneously at the dose of 120 IU/kg/week. In this case series, we collected from clinical records data about 5 patients with poorly controlled C1-INH-HAE with the registered LTPs or with difficult venous access, referred to the angioedema center in Milano (Italy), who received it at lower doses, i.e., 42.86–65.22 IU/kg/week. All the patients experienced a reduction in the attack rate, ranging from 29.67% to 96.53% compared with a control period with a different LTP or with no LTP. For one patient, the comparison was made with a period when he received s.c. pdC1-INH 2 (with poor outcomes) instead of 3 times a week, which made the patient experience a decrease in the attack rate from 5.26 to 1.12 attacks/month. Observation periods varied between 2.6 and 47.97 months. Two patients reported adverse events, which were localized at the infusion site and mild in severity. In conclusion, subcutaneous pdC1-INH represents an alternative therapeutic choice according to the physician's judgment for selected patients with HAE poorly controlled with registered LTPs. In patients with difficult venous access, in countries where pdC1-INH is not approved for subcutaneous administration, about half the recommended dose may be beneficial, although suboptimal results may be obtained.
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Maurer M, Magerl M, Betschel S, Aberer W, Ansotegui IJ, Aygören-Pürsün E, Banerji A, Bara NA, Boccon-Gibod I, Bork K, Bouillet L, Boysen HB, Brodszki N, Busse PJ, Bygum A, Caballero T, Cancian M, Castaldo AJ, Cohn DM, Csuka D, Farkas H, Gompels M, Gower R, Grumach AS, Guidos-Fogelbach G, Hide M, Kang HR, Kaplan AP, Katelaris CH, Kiani-Alikhan S, Lei WT, Lockey RF, Longhurst H, Lumry W, MacGinnitie A, Malbran A, Martinez Saguer I, Matta Campos JJ, Nast A, Nguyen D, Nieto-Martinez SA, Pawankar R, Peter J, Porebski G, Prior N, Reshef A, Riedl M, Ritchie B, Sheikh FR, Smith WB, Spaeth PJ, Stobiecki M, Toubi E, Varga LA, Weller K, Zanichelli A, Zhi Y, Zuraw B, Craig T. The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema – The 2021 revision and update. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100627. [PMID: 35497649 PMCID: PMC9023902 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1-inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1-inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: 1) How should HAE be diagnosed? 2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? 3) What are the goals of treatment? 4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast feeding women? 5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients.
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12
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. Long-COVID and loss of smell: A post-COVID olfactory dysfunction that continues to challenge the allergist/immunologist. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:93-95. [PMID: 35317885 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Maurer M, Magerl M, Betschel S, Aberer W, Ansotegui IJ, Aygören‐Pürsün E, Banerji A, Bara N, Boccon‐Gibod I, Bork K, Bouillet L, Boysen HB, Brodszki N, Busse PJ, Bygum A, Caballero T, Cancian M, Castaldo A, Cohn DM, Csuka D, Farkas H, Gompels M, Gower R, Grumach AS, Guidos‐Fogelbach G, Hide M, Kang H, Kaplan AP, Katelaris C, Kiani‐Alikhan S, Lei W, Lockey R, Longhurst H, Lumry WB, MacGinnitie A, Malbran A, Martinez Saguer I, Matta JJ, Nast A, Nguyen D, Nieto‐Martinez SA, Pawankar R, Peter J, Porebski G, Prior N, Reshef A, Riedl M, Ritchie B, Rafique Sheikh F, Smith WR, Spaeth PJ, Stobiecki M, Toubi E, Varga LA, Weller K, Zanichelli A, Zhi Y, Zuraw B, Craig T. The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema-The 2021 revision and update. Allergy 2022; 77:1961-1990. [PMID: 35006617 DOI: 10.1111/all.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1 inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1 inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: (1) How should HAE be diagnosed? (2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? (3) What are the goals of treatment? (4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast-feeding women? and (5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany
| | - Markus Magerl
- Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany
| | | | - Werner Aberer
- Department of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | | | - Emel Aygören‐Pürsün
- Center for Children and Adolescents University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Noémi‐Anna Bara
- Romanian Hereditary Angioedema Expertise CentreMediquest Clinical Research Center Sangeorgiu de Mures Romania
| | - Isabelle Boccon‐Gibod
- National Reference Center for Angioedema (CREAK) Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE) Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Konrad Bork
- Department of Dermatology University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- National Reference Center for Angioedema (CREAK) Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE) Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Grenoble France
| | | | - Nicholas Brodszki
- Department of Pediatric Immunology Childrens HospitalSkåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | | | - Anette Bygum
- Clinical Institute University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Teresa Caballero
- Allergy Department Hospital Universitario La PazIdiPaz, CIBERER U754 Madrid Spain
| | - Mauro Cancian
- Department of Systems Medicine University Hospital of Padua Padua Italy
| | | | - Danny M. Cohn
- Department of Vascular Medicine Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dorottya Csuka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Mark Gompels
- Clinical Immunology North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol UK
| | - Richard Gower
- Marycliff Clinical ResearchPrinciple Research Solutions Spokane Washington USA
| | | | | | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology Hiroshima Citizens Hospital Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Dermatology Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hye‐Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Allen Phillip Kaplan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunology Medical university of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Constance Katelaris
- Department of Medicine Campbelltown Hospital and Western Sydney University Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Wei‐Te Lei
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Mackay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Richard Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- Department of Immunology Auckland District Health Board and Department of MedicineUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - William B. Lumry
- Internal Medicine Allergy Division University of Texas Health Science Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Andrew MacGinnitie
- Division of Immunology Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Alejandro Malbran
- Unidad de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Clínica Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | | | - Alexander Nast
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Division of Evidence‐Based Medicine Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Free University of BerlinHumboldt University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Dinh Nguyen
- Respiratory, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Internal Medicine Department Vinmec Healthcare System College of Health SciencesVinUniversity Hanoi Vietnam
| | | | - Ruby Pawankar
- Department of Pediatrics Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
| | - Jonathan Peter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Allergy and Immunology Unit University of Cape Town Lung Institute Cape Town South Africa
| | - Grzegorz Porebski
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Nieves Prior
- Allergy Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa Madrid Spain
| | - Avner Reshef
- Angioderma CenterBarzilai University Medical Center Ashkelon Israel
| | - Marc Riedl
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Bruce Ritchie
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Farrukh Rafique Sheikh
- Section of Adult Allergy & Immunology Department of Medicine King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - William R. Smith
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Peter J. Spaeth
- Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Marcin Stobiecki
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Elias Toubi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Bnai Zion Medical CenterAffiliated with Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Lilian Agnes Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Karsten Weller
- Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany
| | - Andrea Zanichelli
- Department of Internal Medicine ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Ospedale Luigi Sacco‐University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Yuxiang Zhi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Bejing Union Medical College Hospital & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Bejing China
| | - Bruce Zuraw
- University of California, San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Timothy Craig
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics Penn State University Hershey Pennsylvania USA
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. Evaluation and management of adverse reactions to the COVID-2019 vaccines. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:1-4. [PMID: 34983703 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.210118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Maurer M, Magerl M. Differences and Similarities in the Mechanisms and Clinical Expression of Bradykinin-Mediated vs. Mast Cell-Mediated Angioedema. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:40-49. [PMID: 33534062 PMCID: PMC8282544 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angioedema (AE), transient localized swelling due to extravasated fluid, is commonly classified as mast cell mediator-induced, bradykinin-mediated or of unknown cause. AE often occurs more than once, and it is these recurrent forms of AE that are challenging for patients and physicians, and they are the ones we focus on and refer to as AE in this review. Since effective treatment depends on the causative mediator, reliable and early diagnosis is essential. Although their clinical presentations bear similarities, many forms of angioedema exhibit specific patterns of clinical appearance or disease history that may aid in diagnosis. Here, we describe the most common differences and similarities in the mechanisms and clinical features of bradykinin-mediated and mast cell mediator-induced types of angioedema. We first provide an overview of the diseases that manifest with mast cell mediator-induced versus bradykinin-mediated angioedema as well as their respective underlying pathogenesis. We then compare these diseases for key clinical features, including angioedema location, course and duration of swelling, attack frequency, prevalence and relevance of prodromal signs and symptoms, triggers of angioedema attacks, and other signs and symptoms including wheals, age of onset, and duration. Our review and comparison of the clinical profiles of different types of angioedema incorporate our own clinical experience as well as published information. Our aim is to highlight that mast cell mediator-induced and bradykinin-mediated angioedema types share common features but are different in many aspects. Knowledge of the differences in underlying pathomechanisms and clinical profiles between different types of angioedema can help with the diagnostic approach in affected patients and facilitate targeted and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Markus Magerl
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Johnson FA, Wirth M, Zhu Z, Hahn J, Greve J, Ebert E, Strassen UG. Etiology and predictors of cluster attacks of hereditary angioedema that recur despite pharmaceutical treatment. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021; 42:317-324. [PMID: 34187623 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a disease that leads to recurrent swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, including the upper airway tract. Apart from being deadly, these attacks can be debilitating, which leads to a poor quality of life in patients. Clinicians are occasionally confronted with patients who have recurrent attacks despite treatment with C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate or β₂-receptor antagonists. The goal of this study was to investigate repeated attacks that occur 48 hours to 7 days ("cluster attacks") after treatment, to determine why they occur and the factors that may be associated with them, and thus to prevent their occurrence. Methods: We conducted a multicenter mixed retrospective-prospective study with data acquired from all documented attacks in our patients with collective (n = 132) between 2015 and 2018. Results: Eighty-five percent (n = 132) of our total patient collective (N = 156) agreed to participate in the study. Nine percent of these patients (n = 12) had cluster attacks, with a total of 48 cluster attacks. The data procured from the patients were mixed retrospective-prospective. Approximately 72% of all the cluster attacks were caused by exogenous stimuli (41% due to psychological stress, 29% due to physical stimuli, and 2% due to menstruation). Cluster attacks occurred in 7% of the patients who received prophylactic therapy in comparison with 12.5% of patients who received on-demand therapy. Cluster attacks comprised 48.4% of all the attacks that patients with cluster-attacks (n= 9) experienced. In addition, the patients who were underdosing their C1 esterase inhibitor treatment had cluster attacks more often. A lower "time to repeated attack" was seen in the patients who received on-demand therapy compared with those who received prophylactic therapy. Discussion: The percentage of the patients who had attacks as a result of exogenous triggers was higher in the cluster-attack group (70.5%) compared with the general HAE population (30-42%). Repeated attacks, therefore, were strongly associated with external triggers. The patients who received prophylactic treatment and who experienced cluster attacks were highly likely to have been underdosing, which may explain the repeated attacks despite treatment. In the patients prone to cluster attacks, prophylaxis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix. A. Johnson
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; and
| | - Magdalena Wirth
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; and
| | - Zhaojun Zhu
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; and
| | - Janina Hahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Greve
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Ebert
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; and
| | - Ulrich G. Strassen
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; and
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17
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. COVID-19: A continuing challenge for the allergist/immunologist. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021; 42:263-266. [PMID: 34187618 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Ajewole O, Lanlokun M, Dimanche S, Craig T. Short-term prophylaxis for children and adolescents with hereditary angioedema. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021; 42:205-213. [PMID: 33980333 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare, autosomal dominant, life threatening disease, secondary to the deficiency of C1-inhibitor, dysfunction of C1-inhibitor or inadequate control of the contact pathway. Presentation includes recurrent swelling of the skin, upper airway and the abdomen. Trauma can precipitate attacks, which in the airway can lead to asphyxia. For this reason, short term prophylaxis (STP) may be indicated before medical, surgical and dental procedures. The goal of the manuscript is to review short term prophylaxis for children of all ages. Methods: We searched the following search words: children, pediatric, adolescent, plasma derived C1-inhibitor, recombinant C1-inhibitor, surgery, medical procedures, prophylaxis, dental, Hereditary Angioedema, tranexamic acid, androgens, fresh frozen plasma, short term prophylaxis, lanadelumab, subcutaneous C1-inhibitor in Google Scholar and in PubMed to develop our results. Results: STP should be discussed at every visit. Plans should be individualized based upon the procedure, therapies available and shared decision making with patient/parent. For high risk procedures plasma derived C1-inhibitor should be used at 20 units/kg just prior to the procedure. Alternative agents for STP include recombinant C1-inhibitor, fresh frozen plasma, androgens, or tranexamic acid. In all cases, with or without the use of STP, 2 doses of on-demand therapy should be available in case of an attack. Conclusion: Herein, we review the published data on STP for pediatric patients with HAE and discuss first-line options, and off label use of medications, as well as review the guidelines pertaining to short term prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosopefoluwa Lanlokun
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Timothy Craig
- Section of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State University, Hershey, PA
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Peter J, Krause K, Staubach P, Wu MA, Davis M. Chronic Urticaria and Recurrent Angioedema: Clues to the Mimics. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2220-2228. [PMID: 33906826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Urticaria and angioedema are experienced by up to 1 in 5 people, usually the result of common allergen or medication triggers and infections. Similarly, the majority of recurrent angioedema has an exogenous trigger, for example, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or is hereditary (type 1 and 2 hereditary angioedema); chronic spontaneous urticaria are most often autoimmune or autoallergic in routine clinical practice. There are, however, several skin and systemic conditions that can imitate the clinical appearance of either angioedema or urticaria, whereas there are several uncommon conditions that have chronic urticaria and/or recurrent angioedema as part of their disease manifestations. Correct diagnosis is paramount to ensuring subsequent tailored therapy for many of these conditions, and in many instances, diagnostic delay can be several years with morbid consequence. In this grand rounds article, we present 2 illustrative clinical cases as the backdrop to discussing a practical diagnostic approach for clinicians to recognize copycat phenotypes and "red flags" that should prompt further investigation of several uncommon mimics. We highlight key diagnostic features, epidemiology, and management for mimics where treatment is distinct from the common phenotypes of recurrent angioedema and chronic urticarias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Peter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Karoline Krause
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maddalena Alessandra Wu
- Division of Internal Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minn
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. Hereditary angioedema again revisited. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021; 42:105-107. [PMID: 33685554 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. The challenge of COVID-19 that permeates the practice of allergy/immunology. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021; 42:1-4. [PMID: 33404384 PMCID: PMC7768063 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Johnston DT, Smith RC. Hereditary angioedema: Special considerations in children. Allergy Asthma Proc 2020; 41:S43-S46. [PMID: 33109326 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2020.41.200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) can experience attacks at any age; however, the onset of swelling is typically in childhood. Unlike adults, this population is uniquely vulnerable; attacks in young children may be subtle, resemble other diseases, and often lead to a delay in diagnosis. Misdiagnosis contributes to significant delays in treatment, painful attacks, increased emotional stress, unnecessary procedures, and a potential risk of death. Older children may hide their symptoms due to anxiety or fear of social isolation. Attacks typically become more severe and more frequent during and after puberty. The impact of HAE attacks on school attendance and school performance may prevent future career or education opportunities. Living with HAE poses significant psychosocial stress on children and their families. In the United States, medical treatments for acute attacks in children approved for self-administration are limited to intravenous therapies, which complicates early treatment. To provide optimal care, we suggest that physicians screen all children with a family history of HAE, appreciate the dynamic nature of the disease during adolescence, proactively assess the psychosocial impact of disease, and continually reassess the treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Christina Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Levine Children’s Hospital, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
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23
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Paige D, Maina N, Anderson JT. Hereditary angioedema: Comprehensive management plans and patient support. Allergy Asthma Proc 2020; 41:S38-S42. [PMID: 33109325 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2020.41.200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease. Regardless, patients with HAE have access to multiple state-of-the-art medications available for on-demand use and prevention that reduce the frequency and burden of HAE attacks. These treatments have greatly reduced the burden of disease and helped patients achieve improved quality of life. However, with greater numbers of therapeutic options, HAE care has become more complex. In this review, we addressed essential elements of an individualized comprehensive management plan for a patient with HAE. We focused on access to an expert physician, ongoing patient education, access to effective treatment options, coordination of care and management of treatment logistics, ongoing monitoring of attacks and treatments, and other resources for patient support. This plan will need to be communicated with the patient and other care providers, especially during emergent conditions, and accommodate the patient's lifestyle with consideration for work, school, travel, etc. Periodically, the physician and the patient will need to review information about attacks, triggers, and treatments to identify areas for improvement and update the plan.
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Castaldo AJ, Riedl MA, Settipane RA, Bellanti JA. A roadmap for optimal care of the patient with hereditary angioedema. Allergy Asthma Proc 2020; 41:S01-S02. [PMID: 33109316 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2020.41.200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Settipane RA, Bukstein DA, Riedl MA. Hereditary angioedema and shared decision making. Allergy Asthma Proc 2020; 41:S55-S60. [PMID: 33109329 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2020.41.200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical decision-making in hereditary angioedema (HAE) management involves a high degree of complexity given the number of therapeutic agents that are available and the risk for significant morbidity and potential mortality attributable to the disease. Given this complexity, there is an opportunity to develop shared decision-making (SDM) aids and/or tools that would facilitate the interactive participation of practitioners and patients in the SDM process. This article reviews the general constructs of SDM, the unmet need for SDM in HAE, and the steps necessary to create a SDM tool specific for HAE, and outlines the challenges that must be navigated to guide the establishment and widespread implementation of SDM in the management of HAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A. Settipane
- From the Warren Alpert Medical School, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Don A. Bukstein
- Allergy, Asthma, and Sinus Center, Greenfield, Wisconsin; The Problem Based Learning Institute, Chesterfield, Missouri; and
| | - Marc A. Riedl
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California-San Diego, California
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