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Na M, Yang X, Deng Y, Yin Z, Li M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16398. [PMID: 38025713 PMCID: PMC10655704 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in protein synthesis, folding, and modification. Under stress conditions such as oxidative stress and inflammation, the ER can become overwhelmed, leading to an accumulation of misfolded proteins and ensuing ER stress. This triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) designed to restore ER homeostasis. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a spectrum disorder resulting from chronic alcohol consumption, encompasses conditions from fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis. Metabolites of alcohol can incite oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatic cells, instigating ER stress. Prolonged alcohol exposure further disrupts protein homeostasis, exacerbating ER stress which can lead to irreversible hepatocellular damage and ALD progression. Elucidating the contribution of ER stress to ALD pathogenesis may pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions. This review delves into ER stress, its basic signaling pathways, and its role in the alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Na
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
| | - Xingbiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
| | - Yongkun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
| | - Zhaoheng Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
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Gerber TS, Witzel HR, Weinmann A, Bartsch F, Schindeldecker M, Galle PR, Lang H, Roth W, Ridder DA, Straub BK. Reduced Lipid Peroxidation Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, but Not Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2471. [PMID: 37760911 PMCID: PMC10525544 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), remains a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation play a key role in chronic liver diseases and have been shown to be pivotal for tumor initiation and progression. 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE), one of the major mediators of oxidative stress and a well-established biomarker for lipid peroxidation, can act as a signal transducer, inducing inflammation and exerting carcinogenic effects. However, the role of 4-HNE in primary liver cancer remains poorly explored. In this study, we investigated 4-HNE levels in 797 liver carcinomas, including 561 HCC and 236 iCCA, by immunohistochemistry. We then correlated 4-HNE levels with comprehensive clinical data and survival outcomes. In HCC, lower expression levels of 4-HNE were associated with vascular invasion, a high tumor grade, a macrotrabecular-massive HCC subtype, and poor overall survival. Concerning iCCA, large duct iCCA showed significantly higher 4-HNE levels when compared to small duct iCCA. Yet, in iCCA, 4-HNE levels did not correlate with known prognostic parameters or survival outcomes. To conclude, in HCC but not in iCCA, low amounts of 4-HNE predict unfavorable survival outcomes and are associated with aggressive tumor behavior. These findings provide insights into the role of 4-HNE in liver cancer progression and may enable novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo Sven Gerber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (W.R.); (D.A.R.)
| | - Hagen Roland Witzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (W.R.); (D.A.R.)
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Fabian Bartsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (F.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (W.R.); (D.A.R.)
- Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R. Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (F.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (W.R.); (D.A.R.)
| | - Dirk Andreas Ridder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (W.R.); (D.A.R.)
| | - Beate Katharina Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (W.R.); (D.A.R.)
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Mansouri RA, Ahmed AM, Alshaibi HF, Al-Bazi MM, Banjabi AA, Alsufiani HM, Aloqbi AA, Aboubakr EM. A new cirrhotic animal protocol combining carbon tetrachloride with methotrexate to address limitations of the currently used chemical-induced models. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201583. [PMID: 37397479 PMCID: PMC10308223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemically induced cirrhotic animal models are commonly used. However, they have limitations such as high mortalities and low yield of cirrhotic animals that limit their uses. Aims: To overcome limitations of the chemically induced cirrhotic animal model via combined administration of methotrexate (MTX) with CCl4 and decrease their commonly used doses depending on the proposed synergetic cirrhotic effect. Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: normal (4 weeks), normal (8 weeks), MTX, CCl4 (4 weeks), CCl4 (8 weeks), and MTX + CCl4 (4 weeks) groups. Animals' hepatic morphology and histopathological characterization were explored. Hepatic Bcl2 and NF-κB-p65 tissue contents were determined using the immunostaining technique, and hepatic tissue damage, oxidative status, and inflammatory status biochemical parameters were determined. Results: CCl4 + MTX combined administration produced prominent cirrhotic liver changes, further confirmed by a substantial increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters, whereas mortalities were significantly lower than in other treated groups. Conclusion: The present study introduced a new model that can significantly improve the major limitations of chemically induced cirrhotic animal models with new pathological features that mimic human cirrhosis. Compared to other chemically induced methods, the present model can save time, cost, and animal suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Mansouri
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Huda F. Alshaibi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Al-Bazi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Banjabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeil Muhanna Alsufiani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Ahmed Aloqbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M. Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Arbabi A, Garg B, Reddy SM, Patel P. Chronic Alcoholism and Its Health Implications: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e40364. [PMID: 37325691 PMCID: PMC10263071 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with chronic alcohol use can be asymptomatic for a prolonged period of time and then exhibit signs of advanced heart and liver diseases with an abrupt onset. Herein, we present a case of a 60-year-old male with severe alcohol use disorder who presented with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response (RVR), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and alcohol-associated cirrhosis following an episode of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bella Garg
- Internal Medicine, Centinela Hospital, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sridhar M Reddy
- Interventional Cardiology, Centinela Hospital, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paryus Patel
- Critical Care Medicine, Centinela Hospital, Los Angeles, USA
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Zhou S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Ren Z, Li Y, Wang H, Qiu Y. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in liver cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:77. [PMID: 37217620 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MDSCs are immature myeloid immune cells, which accumulate in models of liver cancer to reduce effector immune cell activity, contribute to immune escape and treatment resistance. The accumulation of MDSCs suppresses the role of CTL and the killing effects of NK cells, induces the accumulation of Treg cells, and blocks the antigen presentation of DCs, thus promoting the progression of liver cancer. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged a valuable approach following chemoradiotherapy in the therapy of advanced liver cancer. A considerable increasing of researches had proved that targeting MDSCs has become one of the therapeutic targets to enhance tumor immunity. In preclinical study models, targeting MDSCs have shown encouraging results in both alone and in combination administration. In this paper, we elaborated immune microenvironment of the liver, function and regulatory mechanisms of MDSCs, and therapeutic approaches to target MDSCs. We also expect these strategies to supply new views for future immunotherapy for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd., West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuye Li
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Tianjin, 300451, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd., West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Liu R, Hao YT, Zhu N, Liu XR, Mao RX, Kang JW, Hou C, Zhang T, Li Y. Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Oligopeptides Alleviate Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury through the Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:2210. [PMID: 37432394 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the effects of walnut oligopeptides (WOPs) on alcohol-induced acute liver injury and its underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to six groups: normal control, alcohol control, whey protein (440 mg/kg.bw), and three WOPs (220 mg/kg.bw, 440 mg/kg.bw, 880 mg/kg.bw) groups. After 30 days of gavage, ethanol with a volume fraction of 50%, administered at a dose of 7 g/kg.bw., caused acute liver injury. A righting reflex experiment and a blood ethanol concentration evaluation were then performed. Serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory cytokines, liver alcohol metabolism enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, liver nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB p65), and cytochrome P4502E1 expression were determined. The results revealed that the intervention of 440 mg/kg and 880 mg/kg WOPs could alleviate the degree of intoxication, decrease blood ethanol concentration, alleviate alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, enhance the activity of hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant capacity, reduce lipid oxidation products and pro-inflammatory factor contents, and inhibit the expression of NF-κBp65 in the livers of rats. The outcomes of the study suggest that WOPs have beneficial effects on liver damage caused by acute ethanol binge drinking, with the high-dose WOPs (880 mg/kg.bw) exerting the most pronounced hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun-Tao Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Xin-Ran Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Rui-Xue Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Wei Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Lutein Prevents Liver Injury and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Rats Subjected to Chronic Alcohol Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051229. [PMID: 36904226 PMCID: PMC10005241 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intake can affect both liver and intestinal barrier function. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the function and mechanism of lutein administration on the chronic ethanol-induced liver and intestinal barrier damage in rats. During the 14-week experimental cycle, seventy rats were randomly divided into seven groups, with 10 rats in each group: a normal control group (Co), a control group of lutein interventions (24 mg/kg/day), an ethanol model group (Et, 8-12 mL/kg/day of 56% (v/v) ethanol), three intervention groups with lutein (12, 24 and 48 mg/kg/day) and a positive control group (DG). The results showed that liver index, ALT, AST and TG levels were increased, and SOD and GSH-Px levels were reduced in the Et group. Furthermore, alcohol intake over a long time increased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, disrupted the intestinal barrier, and stimulated the release of LPS, causing further liver injury. In contrast, lutein interventions prevented alcohol-induced alterations in liver tissue, oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the protein expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin in ileal tissues was upregulated by lutein intervention. In conclusion, lutein can improve chronic alcoholic liver injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats.
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Kaempferol: A Review of the Dietary Sources, Bioavailability, Mechanisms of Action, and Safety. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:1387665. [PMID: 36891541 PMCID: PMC9988374 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1387665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the body's most critical organ that performs vital functions. Hepatic disorders can affect the physiological and biochemical functions of the body. Hepatic disorder is a condition that describes the damage to cells, tissues, structures, and functions of the liver, which can cause fibrosis and ultimately result in cirrhosis. These diseases include hepatitis, ALD, NAFLD, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and HCC. Hepatic diseases are caused by cell membrane rupture, immune response, altered drug metabolism, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Despite the breakthrough in modern medicine, there is no drug that is effective in stimulating the liver function, offering complete protection, and aiding liver cell regeneration. Furthermore, some drugs can create adverse side effects, and natural medicines are carefully selected as new therapeutic strategies for managing liver disease. Kaempferol is a polyphenol contained in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal remedies. We use it to manage various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancers. Kaempferol is a potent antioxidant and has anti-inflammatory effects, which therefore possesses hepatoprotective properties. The previous research has studied the hepatoprotective effect of kaempferol in various hepatotoxicity protocols, including acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, ALD, NAFLD, CCl4, HCC, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury. Therefore, this report aims to provide a recent brief overview of the literature concerning the hepatoprotective effect of kaempferol and its possible molecular mechanism of action. It also provides the most recent literature on kaempferol's chemical structure, natural source, bioavailability, and safety.
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Untargeted Metabolome Analysis Reveals Reductions in Maternal Hepatic Glucose and Amino Acid Content That Correlate with Fetal Organ Weights in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051096. [PMID: 35268071 PMCID: PMC8912878 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes fetal growth restrictions. A major driver of fetal growth deficits is maternal metabolic disruption; this is under-investigated following PAE. Untargeted metabolomics on the dam and fetus exposed to alcohol (ALC) revealed that the hepatic metabolome of ALC and control (CON) dams were distinct, whereas that of ALC and CON fetuses were similar. Alcohol reduced maternal hepatic glucose content and enriched essential amino acid (AA) catabolites, N-acetylated AA products, urea content, and free fatty acids. These alterations suggest an attempt to minimize the glucose gap by increasing gluconeogenesis using AA and glycerol. In contrast, ALC fetuses had unchanged glucose and AA levels, suggesting an adequate draw of maternal nutrients, despite intensified stress on ALC dams. Maternal metabolites including glycolytic intermediates, AA catabolites, urea, and one-carbon-related metabolites correlated with fetal liver and brain weights, whereas lipid metabolites correlated with fetal body weight, indicating they may be drivers of fetal weight outcomes. Together, these data suggest that ALC alters maternal hepatic metabolic activity to limit glucose availability, thereby switching to alternate energy sources to meet the high-energy demands of pregnancy. Their correlation with fetal phenotypic outcomes indicates the influence of maternal metabolism on fetal growth and development.
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