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Gholipour Aghdam GM, Alizadeh MH, Minoonejad H, Shirzad E, Wilke J. Knee Biomechanics During Neurocognitively Challenged Drop Landings in Male Elite Soccer Players with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 38411754 PMCID: PMC10899557 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive decision-making during athletic movement has been demonstrated to evoke unfavorable biomechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. However, the current evidence is based on assessments of healthy individuals. We aimed to investigate unplanned jump landing kinetics and knee kinematics in ACL-reconstructed (ACLR) and non-injured athletes. METHODS A total of 30 male professional soccer players (n = 15 ACLR after return to play, n = 15 matched controls) performed six drop landings onto a force plate. As a neurocognitive challenge requiring decision-making, a diode flashing in randomly selected colors indicated the requested landing location. Knee joint kinematics (flexion, valgus and tibial rotation angles) assessed with a 10-camera motion capture system, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), time to stabilization (TTS) and length of the center of pressure (COP) trace (all analyzed from force plate data) were calculated. Cognitive function was assessed using the CNS Vital Signs battery. RESULTS The ACLR group produced lower knee flexion angles than the control group (median [interquartile range] 50.00° [6.60] vs. 55.20° [4.45], p = .02). In addition, path length of the center of pressure (379 mm [56.20] vs. 344 mm [37.00], p = .04) and ground reaction force (3.21 N/kg [0.66] vs. 2.87 N/kg [0.48], p = .01) were higher for the ACLR group. No differences were found for knee valgus (p = .96), tibial rotation (p = .83) and TTS (p = .82). ACLR participants scored lower for reaction time (p = .02) and processing speed (p = .01). Unfavorable knee biomechanics were more often related to cognitive function in the ACLR group than in the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Impaired reactive decision-making during athletic movement may contribute to the high re-injury risk in individuals with ACLR. Prospective studies confirming potential cause-effect relationships are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Mohammad Gholipour Aghdam
- Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh
- Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shirzad
- Department of Sports Injury and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria.
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Head PL, Kasser R, Appling S, Cappaert T, Singhal K, Zucker-Levin A. The influence of jump-landing direction on dynamic postural stability following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 112:106195. [PMID: 38320469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional testing prior to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction typically involves jump-landing tasks in the forward direction. As injury is most likely the result of multiplanar neuromuscular control deficits, assessment of dynamic postural stability using landing tasks that require multiplanar stabilization may be more appropriate. The purpose of this study was to examine how dynamic postural stability is affected when performing jump-landing tasks in three different directions. METHODS Fifteen athletes [11 females (18.0 ± 3.0 years) and 4 males (18.5 ± 3.1 years)] following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed a series of single-limb jump-landing tasks in 3 directions. Individual directional stability indices and a composite dynamic postural stability index were calculated using ground reaction force data and were compared using separate one-way repeated measures ANOVAs. FINDINGS All directional stability indices demonstrated a significant main effect for jump-landing direction (medial-lateral P < 0.001, η2p = 0.95; anterior-posterior P < 0.001, η2p = 0.97; vertical P = 0.021, η2p = 0.24). The diagonal jump-landing direction produced increased medial-lateral stability and vertical stability scores, while the forward and diagonal jump-landing directions produced increased anterior-posterior stability scores. There was no significant effect for the composite dynamic stability index score. INTERPRETATION Jump-landing direction affects dynamic postural stability in all 3 planes of movement in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Results indicate the potential need to incorporate multiple jump-landing directions to better assess dynamic postural stability prior to return to sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny L Head
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physical Therapy, 930 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Richard Kasser
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physical Therapy, 930 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Susan Appling
- Ohio State University, Department of Physical Therapy, 516 Atwell Hall, 453 W. 10(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas Cappaert
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, 1800 S. Novell Place, Provo, UT 84606, USA
| | - Kunal Singhal
- University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, 5401 LaCrosse Avenue, Austin, TX 78739, USA
| | - Audrey Zucker-Levin
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Rehabilitation Science, Health Sciences E-Wing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
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Calisti M, Mohr M, Federolf P. Bilateral Deficits in Dynamic Postural Stability in Females Persist Years after Unilateral ACL Injury and Are Modulated by the Match between Injury Side and Leg Dominance. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1721. [PMID: 38137169 PMCID: PMC10741660 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has documented brain plasticity after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and suggests that these neural adaptations contribute to poorer motor control. Since both brain hemispheres show adaptations, we hypothesized that reduced dynamic stability occurs not only in the injured, but also the contralateral, uninjured leg. Further, given brain hemispheric specialization's impact on motor coordination, we hypothesized the need to consider the injury side. A total of 41 female athletes and 18 controls performed single-leg jump-landings. Dynamic postural stability was measured as time-to-stabilization (TTS). We found reduced medio-lateral dynamic stability for the ACL injured leg (p = 0.006) with a similar trend for the contralateral leg (p = 0.050) compared to the control group. However, when distinguishing between injuries to the dominant and non-dominant legs, we found increased medio-lateral TTS only if the injury had occurred on the dominant side where landings on injured (p = 0.006) and contralateral (p = 0.036) legs required increased TTS. Assessments of dynamic stability, e.g., in the context of return-to-sport, should consider the injury side and compare results not only between the injured and the contralateral leg, but also to uninjured controls. Future research should not pool data from the dominant-leg ACL with non-dominant-leg ACL injuries when assessing post-injury motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Federolf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.C.); (M.M.)
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Zavala P, Vannatta CN, Kernozek TW, Rutherford DN. Dynamic postural control in injured collegiate cross-country runners is not associated with running-related injury. Gait Posture 2023; 104:77-82. [PMID: 37343398 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical factors have been associated with running-related injury, but associations are unclear. Dynamic postural stability may be a factor related to injury that has not been studied extensively. RESEARCH QUESTION Does dynamic postural control differ in those with a history of running-related injury or those who go on to sustain a running-related injury? METHODS Sixty-five (45 injured; 20 uninjured) and fifty-eight (13 injured; 45 uninjured) collegiate cross-country runners were available for our retrospective and prospective analyses. Time to stabilization and dynamic postural stability index were collected during two separate jump landing tasks (forward and lateral direction) for each leg. Retrospective injury was tabulated by a running history survey. Prospective injuries were recorded by a licensed athletic trainer during the competitive season. Differences in postural stability were compared between injured and uninjured groups and between limbs using two-way ANOVA's. An overall group by leg comparison was completed for each task. RESULTS The non-dominant limb demonstrated better postural stability indices regardless of injury history. An interaction was observed between limbs and history of injury for the anterior-posterior time to stabilization for the lateral task. The non-dominant limb demonstrated better medio-lateral postural stability indices and time to stabilization during the lateral task, regardless of prospective injury. SIGNIFICANCE Dynamic postural stability was reduced in the dominant limb, but no clear differences were seen between injured and uninjured runners. This suggests dynamic postural stability may be altered in individuals with a history of a running-related injury, but no relationship to subsequent injury was substantiated. Further work is needed to understand how dynamic postural stability may be related to running-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Zavala
- Sports Physical Therapy Department, Gundersen Health System, 3111 Gundersen Drive, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA
| | - Charles Nathan Vannatta
- Sports Physical Therapy Department, Gundersen Health System, 3111 Gundersen Drive, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA; La Crosse Institute for Movement Science, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Thomas W Kernozek
- La Crosse Institute for Movement Science, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; Health Professions Department, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Drew N Rutherford
- La Crosse Institute for Movement Science, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; Health Professions Department, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
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Gottlieb U, Hoffman JR, Springer S. Dynamic postural control in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability-do the modified star-excursion balance test and jump-landing stabilization have the same control mechanism? Phys Ther Sport 2023; 60:104-111. [PMID: 36758488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between two dynamic postural tasks in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Biomechanics lab. PARTICIPANTS Thirty subjects with CAI and 30 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Performance of two dynamic postural control tests: the modified Star-Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) and an assessment of a single limb jump-landing on a force plate that yielded two outcomes: time to stabilization (TTS) and the absolute average force in the mediolateral plane during the first 0.4 s after landing (AAFML). RESULTS In the CAI group, a significant correlation was found between the mSEBT score and the AAFML (ρ = -0.54, p < 0.01), but not between the mSEBT or TTS or between the AAFML and the TTS. However, in the control group, a significant correlation was found between AAFML and the TTS (ρ = 0.43, p < 0.05), but not between the mSEBT and TTS or between the mSEBT and AAFML. CONCLUSION These results suggest that there is no association between the different dynamic balance tasks. The different pattern of association in individuals with CAI may indicate altered central neural control. Clinicians and researchers should therefore not use a single task to assess dynamic postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Gottlieb
- Neuromuscular and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Ariel University, Israel.
| | - Jay R Hoffman
- Neuromuscular and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Ariel University, Israel.
| | - Shmuel Springer
- Neuromuscular and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Ariel University, Israel.
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Meras Serrano H, Mottet D, Caillaud K. Validity and Reliability of Kinvent Plates for Assessing Single Leg Static and Dynamic Balance in the Field. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2354. [PMID: 36850952 PMCID: PMC9967360 DOI: 10.3390/s23042354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate PLATES for assessing unipodal balance in the field, for example, to monitor ankle instabilities in athletes or patients. PLATES is a pair of lightweight, connected force platforms that measure only vertical forces. In 14 healthy women, we measured ground reaction forces during Single Leg Balance and Single Leg Landing tests, first under laboratory conditions (with PLATES and with a 6-DOF reference force platform), then during a second test session in the field (with PLATES). We found that for these simple unipodal balance tests, PLATES was reliable in the laboratory and in the field: PLATES gives results comparable with those of a reference force platform with 6-DOF for the key variables in the tests (i.e., Mean Velocity of the Center of Pressure and Time to Stabilization). We conclude that health professionals, physical trainers, and researchers can use PLATES to conduct Single Leg Balance and Single Leg Landing tests in the laboratory and in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Mottet
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mine Alès, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Hu S, Ma X, Ma X, Sun W, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Song Q. Relationship of strength, joint kinesthesia, and plantar tactile sensation to dynamic and static postural stability among patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1112708. [PMID: 36744033 PMCID: PMC9889938 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Postural stability is essential for high-level physical activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of muscle strength, joint kinesthesia, and plantar tactile sensation to dynamic and static postural stability among patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: Forty-four patients over 6 months post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (age: 27.9 ± 6.8 years, height: 181.7 ± 8.7 cm, weight: 80.6 ± 9.4 kg, postoperative duration: 10.3 ± 3.6 months) participated in this study. Their static and dynamic postural stability, muscle strength, hamstring/quadriceps ratio, joint kinesthesia, and plantar tactile sensation were measured. Partial correlations were used to determine the correlation of the above-mentioned variables with time to stabilization (TTS) and root mean square of the center of pressure (COP-RMS) in anterior-posterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. Results: Both TTSAP and TTSML were related to muscle strength and joint kinesthesia of knee flexion and extension; COP-RMSAP was correlated with plantar tactile sensations at great toe and arch, while COP-RMSML was correlated with joint kinesthesia of knee flexion, and plantar tactile sensation at great toe and heel. Dynamic stability was sequentially correlated with strength and joint kinesthesia, while static stability was sequentially correlated with plantar tactile sensation and joint kinesthesia. Conclusion: Among patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, strength is related to dynamic postural stability, joint kinesthesia is related to dynamic and static postural stability, and plantar tactile sensation is related to static postural stability. Strength has a higher level of relationship to dynamic stability than joint kinesthesia, and plantar tactile sensation has a higher level of relationship to static stability than joint kinesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Qipeng Song,
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Hayek R, Gottlieb U, Gutman I, Kingma I, Springer S. Can stabilization analysis following a single leg drop jump be compared between young and middle-aged adults. J Biomech 2022; 143:111269. [PMID: 36049385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to verify whether the computational approaches previously proposed to analyze stability after a single-leg drop-jump (SLDJ) could be applied to a population of middle-aged adults. Fifteen middle-aged (56.4 ± 4.6 years) and 15 young adults (26.7 ± 3.9 years) performed five SLDJs. Stabilization measurements included (1) time to stabilization (TTS) based on vertical ground reaction force (GRF) (TTSv) and a fixed stabilization threshold; (2) TTS based on medio-lateral GRF (TTSml) using five different methods to preprocess the signal and stabilization threshold; (3) early medio-lateral stabilization- the averaged absolute values of the GRF in 0.2-1.4 s post-landing; (4) late medio-lateral stabilization - the averaged absolute values of the GRF at 1 s-5 s after landing. TTSv showed longer TTS values in middle-aged participants. In addition, middle-aged adults showed greater sway in late stabilization. However, TTSml values varied considerably between calculation methods, and early stabilization showed no significant differences between groups except in the first 0.2 s after landing. The results of the current study suggest that TTS calculations are sensitive to signal and threshold selection, and to the processing method. Calculations based on a fixed threshold are more appropriate for studying dynamic postural stability in middle age. With appropriate method selection, a decreased stabilizing performance can be demonstrated in middle-aged adults compared to young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roee Hayek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, The Neuromuscular & Human Performance Laboratory, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Uri Gottlieb
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, The Neuromuscular & Human Performance Laboratory, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Itai Gutman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, The Neuromuscular & Human Performance Laboratory, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Idsart Kingma
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shmuel Springer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, The Neuromuscular & Human Performance Laboratory, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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Watabe T, Takabayashi T, Tokunaga Y, Kubo M. Copers adopt an altered dynamic postural control compared to individuals with chronic ankle instability and controls in unanticipated single-leg landing. Gait Posture 2022; 92:378-382. [PMID: 34923258 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several prior studies involving "expected" single-leg landings have not succeeded in establishing a difference between copers and a control group. RESEARCH QUESTION Does expected and unanticipated single-leg landing affect dynamic postural stability in lateral ankle sprain individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), copers, and controls? METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, physically active adults with CAI (n = 12), copers (n = 12), and controls (n = 12) were included. Participants performed expected single-leg landing by stepping off a 30-cm box. They also performed unanticipated landings including side-step cutting, side-step cutting at 60°, single-leg landing, and forward stepping. The expected and unanticipated conditions of each groups were compared in terms of time to stabilization (TTS) and center of pressure (COP) for the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) conditions. To analyze the data, a mixed-model one-way analysis of variance and a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test were performed. RESULTS A significant condition × group interaction was observed in only TTS ML, with the CAI group demonstrating a significantly longer TTS ML than the coper (p < 0.001) and control (p < 0.001) groups during unanticipated trials. In addition, group interaction effects were observed for COP AP and TTS AP. The coper group demonstrated significantly longer COP AP and TTS AP than the control group (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE The CAI group demonstrated a significantly longer TTS ML than the coper and control groups during the unanticipated condition, and the coper group demonstrated significantly longer TTS AP and COP AP than the control group. Thus, longer COP AP and TTS AP sway time in the coper group may be a protection mechanism, allowing greater freedom in the AP plane while quickly controlling ML sway and preventing lateral ankle sprains. These findings can help in the prevention of lateral ankle sprains and assessment of dynamic postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Watabe
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Takabayashi
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Yuta Tokunaga
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Kubo
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.
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Chaput M, Onate JA, Simon JE, Criss CR, Jamison S, McNally M, Grooms DR. Visual cognition associated with knee proprioception, time to stability, and sensory integration neural activity after ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:95-104. [PMID: 33620108 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Visual cognitive ability has previously been associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury and injury risk biomechanics in healthy athletes. Neuroimaging reports have identified increased neural activity in regions corresponding to visual-spatial processing, sensory integration, and visual cognition in individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), indicating potential neural compensatory strategies for motor control. However, it remains unclear whether there is a relationship between visual cognition, neural activity, and metrics of neuromuscular ability after ACLR. The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the relationship between visual cognitive function and measurements of neuromuscular control (proprioception and time to stability [TTS]), isokinetic strength, and subjective function, and (2) examine the neural correlates of visual cognition between ACLR (n = 16; time since surgery 41.4 ± 33.0 months) and demographically similar controls (n = 15). Visual cognition was assessed by the ImPACT visual motor and visual memory subscales. Outcome variables of proprioception to target knee angle 20°, landing TTS, strength, and subjective function were compared between groups, and visual cognition was correlated within groups to determine the relationship between visual cognition and outcome variables controlled for time from surgery (ACLR group). The control group had better IKDC scores and strength. Visual memory and visual motor ability were negatively associated with proprioception error (r = -0.63) and TTS (r = -0.61), respectively, in the ACLR group but not controls. Visual cognition was associated with increased neural activity in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex in the ACLR group but not control participants. These data suggest the neural strategy in which ACLR participants maintain proprioception and stability varies, and may depend on visual cognition and sensory integration neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Chaput
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation & Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - James A Onate
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Janet E Simon
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Cody R Criss
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Dustin R Grooms
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation & Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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11
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Troester JC, Duffield R. Postural Control Responses to Different Acute and Chronic Training Load Profiles in Professional Rugby Union. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:220-225. [PMID: 31725557 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Troester, JC and Duffield, R. Postural control responses to different acute and chronic training load profiles in professional rugby union. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 220-225, 2022-The current investigation identified the response of postural control (PC) measures of single-leg balance and landing to different accumulated training load profiles representing normal, higher, and spiked loads. Twenty-two professional rugby union players performed single-leg balance and landing tests on a 1,000-Hz force plate on the first training day of 24 weeks across the season after 36 hours of recovery. Internal (session rating of perceived exertion training load) and external (total and high-speed running distance) load measures were monitored during all training sessions and matches. Calculations of acute (7-day rolling average), chronic (28-day rolling average), and acute-to-chronic workload ratio were determined. Three-week load profiles were identified that represented normal, spike, and higher load profiles to determine the effect on PC, which were analyzed using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. A significant effect of load profile on landing impulse on the dominant (p = 0.005) and nondominant legs (p = 0.001) was identified, with significantly greater impulse measures in the spike and higher load profiles (p = 0.001-0.041) compared with the normal load profile. Significant load profile × week interactions (p < 0.05) were identified for landing peak force on the dominant leg and impulse on both legs suggesting a decrement during the spike load profile and increased impulse in the higher load profile. No effects (p > 0.05) were identified for load profile changes in single-leg balance sway velocity or single-leg landing time to stabilization. The respective landing responses may indicate altered movement strategies under spike and higher load profiles resulting from neuromuscular fatigue in response to the accumulated load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Troester
- High Performance Department, NSW Waratahs Rugby, New South Wales, Australia; and.,Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. The effects of leg preference and leg dominance on static and dynamic balance performance in highly-trained tennis players. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259854. [PMID: 34762690 PMCID: PMC8584696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 90 (51 males, 39 females) tennis players performed single-leg quiet stance and single-leg landing tasks. For the static standing task, center-of pressure (CoP) velocities, amplitudes, frequency and area were calculated. For the landing tasks, time to stabilization as well as dynamic postural stability index were considered. The analysis of differences between the legs was done based on two methods for a priori determination of leg preference, one based on the preference of kicking a ball and one based on the preference for single-leg jumping. An additional analysis was done based on the leg dominance (determined post hoc), based on the observed performance of the tasks. In case of the classification based on kicking a ball, there was a statistically significantly lower CoP anterior-posterior velocity and anterior-posterior amplitude in static balance task (p ≤ 0.017; 0.17 ≤ d ≤ 0.28) for the preferred leg. The CoP frequency was higher in the preferred leg for both directions (p ≤ 0.002; 0.10 ≤ d ≤ 0.22). For the landing task, CoP medial-lateral time to stabilization was statistically significantly shorter for the preferred leg (0.28 ± 0.38 s) compared to the non-preferred leg (0.47 ± 0.60 s) (p = 0.012; d = 0.38). There were no differences between the legs for the landing task. Moreover, there were no differences between the legs when we used the preference based on jumping for either of the tasks (d ≤ 0.14). The differences between legs in terms of observed dominance were larger than the differences based on the preference, which stresses the need for clear distinction of limb preference and limb dominance in research and practice. Regarding the effect of leg preference, small differences in static balance may exist between the legs (when the preference is based on kicking a ball).
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia
- InnoRenew CoE, Human Health Department, Izola, Slovenia
- S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Lee JH, Jung HW, Jung TS, Jang WY. Reliability and usefulness of the single leg heel raise balance test in patients with chronic ankle instability. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20369. [PMID: 34645864 PMCID: PMC8514424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the differences in static (including conventional and modified [single-leg heel-raise balance]) and dynamic postural stability and muscle endurance between patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy controls, and to determine the reliability and usefulness of the single-leg heel-raise balance test in patients with CAI. In total, 26 patients with CAI and 26 healthy controls were enrolled. Postural stability was assessed using a postural stabilometry system. Muscle endurance was measured in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion using an isokinetic device. Modified static postural stability (P < 0.001) and dynamic postural stability (P < 0.001) were significantly poorer in the affected ankles of patients with CAI than in the controls. Plantarflexion endurance was significantly lower in the affected ankles of the patients with CAI than in the controls (P = 0.023). Modified static postural stability significantly correlated with plantarflexion endurance in both groups (CAI group: r = - 0.470, P = 0.015; healthy controls group: r = - 0.413, P = 0.036). Plantarflexion endurance was a significant risk factor for modified static postural stability in both the CAI group (R2 = 0.221, P = 0.015) and healthy controls (R2 = 0.170, P = 0.036). Given the reliability of the modified static postural stability test, clinicians and therapists should consider using it to assess improvements in postural stability and muscle endurance in patients with CAI before and after rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyuck Lee
- Department of Sports Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Woon Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Woo Young Jang
- Department of Sports Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon‑ro, Seongbuk‑gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Esposito F, Barni L, Manzi F, Braccio P, Latella L, Corvi A, Freddolini M. Does ankle Kinesio Taping® application improve static and dynamic balance in healthy trained semi-professional soccer male players? A single blinded randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Reactive Strength as a Metric for Informing Return-to-Sport Decisions: A Case-Control Study. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 31:47-52. [PMID: 34470915 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current return-to-sport decisions are primarily based on elapsed time since surgery or injury and strength measures. Given data that show rates of successful return to competitive sport at around 55%, there is strong rationale for adopting tools that will better inform return to sport decisions. The authors' objective was to assess reactive strength as a metric for informing return-to-sport decisions. DESIGN Case-control design. METHODS Fifteen elite athletes from national sports teams (23 [6.0] y) in the final phase of their return-to-sport protocol following a unilateral knee injury and 16 age-matched control athletes (22 [4.6] y) performed a unilateral isometric strength test and 24-cm drop jump test. Pairwise comparisons were used to determine differences between legs within groups and differences in interleg asymmetry between groups. RESULTS Strength measures did not distinguish the control from the rehabilitation group; however, clear differences in the degree of asymmetry were apparent between the control and rehabilitation groups for contact time (Cohen d = 0.56; -0.14 to 1.27; 8.2%; P = .113), flight time (d = 1.10; 0.44 to 1.76; 16.0%; P = .002), and reactive strength index (d = 1.27; 0.50 to 2.04; 22.4%; P = .002). CONCLUSION Reactive strength data provide insight into functional deficits that persist into the final phase of a return-to-sport protocol. The authors' findings support the use of dynamic assessment tools to inform return-to-sport decisions to limit potential for reinjury.
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16
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Acceleration and Jerk After a Jump Stabilization Task in Individuals With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability. J Appl Biomech 2021; 37:359-364. [PMID: 34140416 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have diminished dynamic stability. Jerk-based measures have been utilized to examine dynamic balance because of their ability to quantify changes in acceleration and may provide an understanding of the postural corrections that occur during stabilizing following a jumping task. The purpose of this study was to compare acceleration and jerk following a jump stabilization task between individuals with CAI and the uninjured controls. Thirty-nine participants volunteered to participate in this case control study. Participants completed a jump stabilization task requiring them to jump off 2 feet, touch a marker set at 50% of their maximal vertical jump height, land on a single limb, and maintain balance for 3 seconds. Acceleration was calculated as the second derivative, and jerk was calculated as the third derivative of the displacement of the resultant vector position. Participants with CAI had greater acceleration (mean difference = 55.6 cm/s2; 95% confidence interval, 10.3 to 100.90; P = .017) and jerk compared with the uninjured controls (mean difference = 1804.5 cm/s3; 95% confidence interval, 98.7 to 3510.3; P = .039). These results suggest that individuals with CAI made faster and more frequent active postural control corrections to regain balance following a jump compared with the uninjured controls.
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17
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Investigating the landing kinetics factors and preparatory knee muscle activation in female handball players with and without dynamic knee valgus while performing single leg landing. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: to examine the differences in landing kinetics factors (LKF) to assess the whole body stability and preparatory muscle activation (PMA) in female handball players with and without dynamic knee valgus.
Material and methods: Twenty-four professional female handball players (11 with (DKV) and 13 without (Control) dynamic knee valgus) were asked to perform three trials of a single-leg landing. LKF and surface EMG were recorded. Initial contact knee valgus angle (IC KVA), vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), confidence ellipse area of center of pressure (CEA), time to stability (TTS) and EMG from 100 ms prior to ground contact were used in the data analyses.
Results: Multivariate analyzing of LKF showed significant differences between two groups (p = 0.001) while for PMA the result was not significant (p = 0.361).
Conclusion: Altered landing mechanism considered as a predictor of non-contact knee injuries such as ACL rupture. Therefore according to current study it seems important to focus on reducing valgus angle in designing injury prevention program.
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18
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Beelen PE, Okhuijsen R, Prins MR, Huurnink A, Hordijk T, Kruiswijk C, Goedhart EA, van der Wurff P, Nolte PA, van Dieën JH, Kingma I. Reliability of a novel dynamic test of postural stability in high-level soccer players. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06647. [PMID: 33997364 PMCID: PMC8093417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Postural stability of athletes is commonly tested with single-leg stance (SLS) tests. However, for this population, these tests are insufficiently challenging to achieve high sensitivity. Therefore, a new dynamic SLS test based on standardized translational surface perturbations was developed. This study aimed to assess reliability, sensitivity to learning effects, and internal and concurrent validity of this novel test. Healthy soccer players (21 females, 21 males) performed 2 test sessions. Each session consisted of 2 trials. For one trial, the participant performed a 30-seconds, unperturbed SLS on each leg, followed by 12 platform perturbations per leg. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and correlations between outcomes were calculated for the Center of Pressure speed (CoPs) and Time To Stabilization (TTS). ANOVA was used to assess learning effects. CoPs and TTS showed a fair reliability between sessions (ICC = 0.73–0.76). All variables showed improvement over time within and between sessions (all p < 0.01) and were moderately correlated with CoPs during unperturbed SLS (r = 0.39–0.56). Single-leg dynamic postural stability testing through standardized horizontal platform perturbations yielded sufficiently reliable CoPs and TTS outcome measures in soccer players. The moderate correlations with unperturbed SLS support concurrent validity, but also indicates that the new test captures aspects of postural stability that differ from the conventional, unperturbed SLS test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Beelen
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Okhuijsen
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Prins
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Military Rehabilitation Centre 'Aardenburg', Research and Development, Doorn, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold Huurnink
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Hordijk
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Kruiswijk
- Sports Medicine Centre of the Royal Netherlands Football Association/FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin A Goedhart
- Sports Medicine Centre of the Royal Netherlands Football Association/FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Wurff
- Military Rehabilitation Centre 'Aardenburg', Research and Development, Doorn, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A Nolte
- Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Idsart Kingma
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Increased visual distraction can impair landing biomechanics. Biol Sport 2020; 38:123-127. [PMID: 33795921 PMCID: PMC7996376 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.97070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Failed jump landings represent a key mechanism of musculoskeletal trauma. It has been speculated that cognitive dual-task loading during the flight phase may moderate the injury risk. This study aimed to explore whether increased visual distraction can compromise landing biomechanics. Twenty-one healthy, physically active participants (15 females, 25.8 ± 0.4 years) completed a series of 30 counter-movement jumps (CMJ) onto a capacitive pressure platform. In addition to safely landing on one leg, they were required to memorize either one, two or three jersey numbers shown during the flight phase (randomly selected and equally balanced over all jumps). Outcomes included the number of recall errors as well as landing errors and three variables of landing kinetics (time to stabilization/TTS, peak ground reaction force/pGRF, length of the centre of pressure trace/COPT). Differences between the conditions were calculated using the Friedman test and the post hoc Bonferroni-Holm corrected Wilcoxon test. Regardless of the condition, landing errors remained unchanged (p = .46). In contrast, increased visual distraction resulted in a higher number of recall errors (chi2 = 13.3, p = .001). Higher cognitive loading, furthermore, appeared to negatively impact mediolateral COPT (p < .05). Time to stabilization (p = .84) and pGRF (p = .78) were unaffected. A simple visual distraction in a controlled experimental setting is sufficient to adversely affect landing stability and task-related short-term memory during CMJ. The ability to precisely perceive the environment during movement under time constraints may, hence, represent a new injury risk factor and should be investigated in a prospective trial.
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20
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Hetsroni I, Wiener Y, Ben-Sira D, Iacono AD, Marom N, van Stee M, Ayalon M. Symmetries in Muscle Torque and Landing Kinematics Are Associated With Maintenance of Sports Participation at 5 to 10 Years After ACL Reconstruction in Young Men. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120923267. [PMID: 32566693 PMCID: PMC7285949 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120923267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term maintenance of sports participation is important for young men undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Identifying biomechanical characteristics in patients who achieve this goal can assist in elaborating rehabilitation programs and in identifying successful recovery, but this has rarely been investigated. Purpose: To test the association between maintenance of sports participation at 5 to 10 years after ACL reconstruction and measures of force production and landing biomechanics in men. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 30 men who underwent isolated ACL reconstruction were examined. At 5- to 10-year follow-up, associations were tested between reported outcomes of sports maintenance and objective biomechanical measures. The biomechanical tests included isokinetic knee torque and lower limb kinetics and kinematics during landing tasks. Measurements for each limb were conducted separately, and side-to-side symmetry indices (SI) were calculated. Subgroups included SI greater than +10% (ie, extreme positive), SI lower than –10% (ie, extreme negative), and SI between –10% and +10% (ie, symmetric). Results: At follow-up, concentric knee torque in the operated limb correlated with Tegner and Marx scores (r = 0.42-0.47; P ≤ .05). Regarding the SI of knee torque, the highest Tegner, Marx, and KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) results were associated with symmetry, as opposed to patients with extreme positive or extreme negative SIs (P < .05). As for landing kinematics, Tegner score negatively correlated with knee range of motion (ROM) in the operated limb (r = –0.38; P ≤ .05). With regard to SI, hip and knee ROM correlated with Tegner, IKDC, and KOOS scores (r = 0.41-0.51; P ≤ .05). Specifically, the highest sports participation levels were associated with achieving symmetric hip and knee ROM but also with extreme positive SIs, as opposed to patients with extreme negative SIs (P < .03), indicating substantially higher ROM in the uninjured limb as compared with the operated limb. Conclusion: At 5 to 10 years after ACL reconstruction, maintenance of sports participation was associated with symmetric side-to-side concentric knee torque and with producing greater attenuation of hip and knee ROM during the drop jump landing in the operated limb. Therefore, eccentric load programs that can improve attenuation-phase kinematics during landing tasks may be valuable in addition to concentric training and may facilitate enhanced long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftach Hetsroni
- Sports Medicine Injuries Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meir General Hospital, Kfar Saba, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yohay Wiener
- The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel
| | | | | | - Niv Marom
- Sports Medicine Injuries Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meir General Hospital, Kfar Saba, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mischa van Stee
- Sports Medicine Injuries Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meir General Hospital, Kfar Saba, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Ayalon
- The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel
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21
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Lynall RC, Campbell KR, Mauntel TC, Blackburn JT, Mihalik JP. Single-Legged Hop and Single-Legged Squat Balance Performance in Recreational Athletes With a History of Concussion. J Athl Train 2020; 55:488-493. [PMID: 32216655 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-185-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Researchers have suggested that balance deficiencies may linger during functional activities after concussion recovery. OBJECTIVE To determine whether participants with a history of concussion demonstrated dynamic balance deficits as compared with control participants during single-legged hops and single-legged squats. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 15 previously concussed participants (6 men, 9 women; age = 19.7 ± 0.9 years, height = 169.2 ± 9.4 cm, mass = 66.0 ± 12.8 kg, median time since concussion = 126 days [range = 28-432 days]) were matched with 15 control participants (6 men, 9 women; age = 19.7 ± 1.6 years, height = 172.3 ± 10.8 cm, mass = 71.0 ± 10.4 kg). INTERVENTION(S) During single-legged hops, participants jumped off a 30-cm box placed at 50% of their height behind a force plate, landed on a single limb, and attempted to achieve a stable position as quickly as possible. Participants performed single-legged squats while standing on a force plate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Time to stabilization (TTS; time for the normalized ground reaction force to stabilize after landing) was calculated during the single-legged hop, and center-of-pressure path and speed were calculated during single-legged squats. Groups were compared using analysis of covariance, controlling for average days since concussion. RESULTS The concussion group demonstrated a longer TTS than the control group during the single-legged hop on the nondominant leg (mean difference = 0.35 seconds [95% confidence interval = 0.04, 0.64]; F2,27 = 5.69, P = .02). No TTS differences were observed for the dominant leg (F2,27 = 0.64, P = .43). No group differences were present for the single-legged squat on either leg (P ≥ .11). CONCLUSIONS Dynamic balance-control deficits after concussion may contribute to an increased musculoskeletal injury risk. Given our findings, we suggest that neuromuscular deficits currently not assessed after concussion may linger. Time to stabilization is a clinically applicable measure that has been used to distinguish patients with various pathologic conditions, such as chronic ankle instability and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, from healthy control participants. Whereas the single-legged squat may not sufficiently challenge balance control, future study of the more dynamic single-legged hop is needed to determine its potential diagnostic and prognostic value after concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Lynall
- UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Kody R Campbell
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Timothy C Mauntel
- US Department of Defense-Veterans Affairs Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - J Troy Blackburn
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Division of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jason P Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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22
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Oates DC, Needle AR, Kaminski TW, Royer TD, Swanik CB. Reactive knee stiffening strategies between various conditioning histories. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 20:191-201. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1627421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Craig Oates
- Department of Athletics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alan R. Needle
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W. Kaminski
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Todd D. Royer
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - C Buz Swanik
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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23
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Niederer D, Giesche F, Janko M, Niemeyer P, Wilke J, Engeroff T, Stein T, Frank J, Banzer W, Vogt L. Unanticipated jump-landing quality in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: How long after the surgery and return to sport does the re-injury risk factor persist? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 72:195-201. [PMID: 31901699 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate reactions to unforeseen external stimuli are regarded as a major cause for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. We aimed to delineate a potential deficit in the ability to perform unanticipated jump-landing manoeuvres, its sustainability and potential as a new outcome measure after ACL-reconstruction. METHODS Physically active adults (n = 27, 13 females, 14 males, 29.7 standard deviation 3.1 years) with a history of unilateral ACL rupture and subsequent reconstruction (6 months to 7 years ago), cleared for return to sports, were included. All participants performed counter-movement jumps with unanticipated single leg landings. Visual information shown after jump take-off indicated the required landing leg. Jump time [s] and successfulness [yes/no], vertical peak ground reaction forces at landing [N], as well as time to stabilisation after landing [s] and path length of the centre of pressure (CoP, [mm]) were calculated. Limb symmetry ratios were determined and analysed for their association with the time since surgery. FINDINGS Time since ACL reconstruction was logarithmically (basis 10) associated with side symmetry improvements in peak ground reaction force (R2 = 0.23, p < .01) and time to stabilisation (R2 = 0.18, p < .01) during and after landing in unanticipated/unpredictable single-leg jump landing tasks. The asymmetry found persists up to 18-26 months post-surgery. INTERPRETATION A deficit in unanticipated jump-landing ability seems to persist far beyond surgical restoration of mechanical stability and resumption of initial physical activities levels. The assessment of the ability to suddenly adapt movements to unanticipated visual stimuli may be a relevant complementary component within current functional testing canon in monitoring therapy success and return to sport testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Florian Giesche
- Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maren Janko
- Department of Trauma- Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Niemeyer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Stein
- Department of Sport Traumatology-, Knee- and Shoulder-Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Frank
- Department of Trauma- Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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24
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Niemeyer P, Niederer D, Giesche F, Janko M, Frank J, Vogt L, Banzer W. Unanticipated jump-landing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Does unanticipated jump-landing testing deliver additional return to sport information to traditional jump performance tests? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 70:72-79. [PMID: 31408765 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to delineate if unanticipated jump-landing assessments delivers complementary information to those of commonly used hop and jump tests after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS Eleven participants (5 males) performed a series of unanticipated jump-landings and traditional hop and jump performance tests (single leg hops for distance, triple crossover hops for distance and drop jumps). The number of mistrials, time to stabilization and peak ground reaction force (pGRF) at landing and jump/hop distance were measured. Pearson correlations to find potential associations between the unanticipated jump-landing-values and the traditional jump/hop performance tests were calculated twice: once for the affected and once for the unaffected legs. t-Tests for dependent samples were used to detect differences between affected and unaffected leg within each test condition. FINDINGS The pGRF at unanticipated landing significantly correlated to the pGRF at drop jump landing (r = 0.68) and the hopping distance after the triple crossover hops (r = 0.71, each p < .05). No other significant correlation occurred (p > .05). Hopping distance after single leg hops (mean: 110.2 cm vs. 95.5 cm) and triple crossover hops for distance (mean: 315.3 cm vs. 294.2 cm) showed significant differences between the unaffected and the reconstructed leg (p < .05). Other parameters showed no significant between-legs differences (p > .05). INTERPRETATION Both, the reconstructed and the contralateral leg seems to be affected. Unanticipated jump landing tasks deliver information beyond those of commonly used jump and hop tests, the thereby assessed abilities may thus be a complementary aspect of dynamic knee function than those assessed with classic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niemeyer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Giesche
- Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maren Janko
- Department of Trauma- Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Frank
- Department of Trauma- Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Forsyth JR, Riddiford-Harland DL, Whitting JW, Sheppard JM, Steele JR. Essential Skills for Superior Wave-Riding Performance: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 34:3003-3011. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Niederer D, Willberg C, Kruse A, Exler N, Giesche F, Vogt L, Banzer W. Acute effects of preventive warm-up exercises on modifiable risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a three-arm randomized-controlled crossover trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 60:92-101. [PMID: 31663311 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to compare the potential acute effects of single bouts of a classic prevention and a risk factor-focus training aiming to target modifiable anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture risk factors and the impact of neuromuscular fatigue on relevant ACL rupture risk factors. METHODS Two preventive warm-up (standard and ACL rupture risk factor training) and one inactive arm were compared; each of these were followed by a standardized neuromuscular fatigue protocol. The assessments included two Trail making tests (TMT-A; TMT-B, time to complete), drop jump landings (knee separation distance, normalized at hip width), as well as unanticipated counter movement jump landings (time to stabilization and peak ground reaction force). RESULTS We included 18 participants (25±2years). No differences were found between times and conditions for TMT (P>0.05). A significant time effect occurred in time to stabilization (F=2.6; P<0.05) and a significant time*baseline-value*jumping time interaction was seen in peak ground reaction force (F=3.1; P<0.05). No time effect was found for any knee separation distance (F=.1-2.4; P>0.05); but a significant time*baseline-value*jumping time interaction was seen at initial ground contact (F=2.8; P<0.05), and lowest point (F=4.2; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Risk factor-focus and classic warm-up may not differ in their acute effects on modifiable functional ACL (re-)injury risks factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany -
| | - Christina Willberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Movement and Training Science, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adele Kruse
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicola Exler
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Giesche
- Department of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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The assessment of single-leg drop jump landing performance by means of ground reaction forces: A methodological study. Gait Posture 2019; 73:80-85. [PMID: 31302336 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time to stabilization (TTS) and dynamic postural stability index (DPSI) are outcome measures based on ground reaction force (GRF) that are often used to quantify dynamic postural stability performance following a drop jump landing. However, their interrelations, as well as the overlap with other dynamic measures and static single-leg postural sway, are unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the relation among TTS and DPSI, how are they related to impact forces and dynamic postural sway, and how are all these dynamic measures related to static postural sway? METHODS A sample of 190 elite soccer players performed four single-leg drop jump landings. TTS in three directions (vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral), and DPSI were intercorrelated (Pearson's r), and related to impact forces and the magnitude of horizontal GRF (HGRF) from 0.4 to 2.4 s and 3.0-5.0 s following landing. All these measures were also correlated to HGRF in the static phase (i.e., 5.3-11.7 s). RESULTS The TTS measures were significantly interrelated (r = 0.28-0.53), but were not significantly correlated to DPSI. TTS was more strongly related to HGRF0.4-2.4 s (r = 0.54-0.75) than to HGRF3.0-5.0 s (r = 0.32-0.54) or impact forces (r=-0.28-0.36). Vertical TTS was not significantly related to impact forces. The DPSI was most strongly related to the vertical peak force (r = 0.85), and was not significantly related to HGRF of the dynamic periods. Furthermore, TTS and dynamic HGRF were significantly related to static HGRF (r = 0.34-0.80), while DPSI and impact forces were not. SIGNIFICANCE TTS and DPSI do not represent similar aspects of single-leg jump landing performance. The ability to stabilize posture seems to be represented by TTS and dynamic postural sway, which partly overlaps with static postural sway. In contrast, DPSI and vertical peak force mainly reflect the kinetic energy absorption during impact. The findings can help to better understand the meaning of the outcome measures, and to translate results to rehabilitation or prevention programs.
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28
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Head PL, Kasser R, Appling S, Cappaert T, Singhal K, Zucker-Levin A. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and dynamic stability at time of release for return to sport. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 38:80-86. [PMID: 31071659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine dynamic stability using Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) at time of release for return-to-sport (RTS), compared to matched controls. DESIGN Cross-sectional case-control study. SETTING Sports medicine clinic. SUBJECTS Fifteen ACLR athletes who had completed post-operative rehabilitation and were within 6 weeks following release to RTS were age-, gender-, and activity-matched to 15 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ground reaction forces (GRFs) were collected using a portable force plate during stabilization from three different single-leg landing tasks. A composite DPSI was calculated using GRFs. RESULTS Compared to matched controls, ACLR athletes within 6 weeks of release for RTS did not significantly differ in dynamic postural stability and there were no significant differences between the involved and uninvolved limbs in the ACLR group. CONCLUSION Current findings indicate that dynamic postural stability, as measured using the DPSI, is not significantly different in ACLR subjects at time of release for RTS compared to matched controls. In addition, the DPSI was not significantly different between the involved and uninvolved limbs in the ACLR subjects. The results suggest that the post-ACLR rehabilitation program utilized may have adequately restored postural stability in this particular sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny L Head
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 604, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Richard Kasser
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 604, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Susan Appling
- Ohio State University, 516 Atwell Hall, 453 W, 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Thomas Cappaert
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, 122 East 1700 South, Bldg. 3, Provo, UT 84606, USA
| | - Kunal Singhal
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 604, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Audrey Zucker-Levin
- University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences E-Wing, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
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Troester JC, Duffield R. Monitoring residual 36 h post-match neuromuscular fatigue in rugby union; a role for postural control? Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1312-1319. [PMID: 31032738 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1606941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated single-leg balance and landing measures, respectively, at the beginning of a weekly micro-cycle 36 h after a match compared to 48 h rest without any match load. Twenty-seven professional rugby union players performed balance and landing tests on a 1000 Hz force plate across three in-season micro-cycles either with or without match loads in the prior 36 h. Participants were further sub-divided into higher and lower match load groups to investigate changes in balance and landing variables. Differences between rested and 36 h post-match single-leg balance sway velocity were trivial in all cases, except for the higher-load group on the dominant leg, which were possibly impaired 36 h post-match (ES ± 90% CL = 0.68 ± 0.66). Differences between rested and 36 h post-match single-leg landing measures of relative impulse on the non-dominant leg were possibly lower (0.36 ± 0.34), with possible impairment observed on both legs in the higher load group 36 h post-match (0.39 ± 0.33; 0.49 ± 0.42). Differences in landing measures of peak force and time to stabilisation were mainly trivial (ES < 0.20). Postural control measures at 36 h post-match are comparable to a rested state; though impairment of sway velocity on the dominant leg and landing impulse may indicate residual neuromuscular fatigue resulting from increased match exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Troester
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney , Moore Park , Australia.,High Performance Department, NSW Waratahs Rugby , Sydney , Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney , Moore Park , Australia
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30
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Botsis AE, Schwarz NA, Harper ME, Liu W, Rooney CA, Gurchiek LR, Kovaleski JE. Effect of Kinesio ® Taping on Ankle Complex Motion and Stiffness and Jump Landing Time to Stabilization in Female Ballet Dancers. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4020019. [PMID: 33467334 PMCID: PMC7739296 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankle sprain is the most commonly diagnosed injury experienced by ballet dancers with few studies investigating preventive support measures such as Kinesio taping. The need exists to examine the mechanical support characteristics of Kinesio taping and effect of application on ankle motion and performance. This may be important to understanding the mechanical mechanisms attributed to Kinesio ankle taping and justify its use in the prevention and treatment of jump landing injuries in ballet dancers. This study compared Kinesio taping with and without tension and no tape (control) on active and passive measures of ankle complex motion in healthy ballet dancers. A secondary objective was to examine the effect of Kinesio taping on balance using time to stabilization. Participants performed three ballet jumps with single-leg landings on a force plate across three ankle support conditions consisting of Kinesio taping, sham-Kinesio taping, and no tape. Sagittal and frontal plane motion and load-displacement of the ankle complex for each support condition were obtained using an ankle arthrometer. Kinesio taping with tension significantly restricted inversion-eversion rotation and increased inversion stiffness of the ankle complex (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found among the three ankle support conditions for jump landing time to stabilization (p > 0.05). Arthrometric results indicate Kinesio taping significantly restricted ankle complex motion in the frontal plane that is associated with lateral ankle sprain. Objective information on the nature of Kinesio taping support can assist sports medicine practitioners when recommending ankle support to athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline E. Botsis
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-251-341-4017
| | - Neil A. Schwarz
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Megan E. Harper
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Affairs and Research, VCOM-Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | | | - Larry R. Gurchiek
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - John E. Kovaleski
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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Troester JC, Jasmin JG, Duffield R. The influence of training load on postural control and countermovement jump responses in rugby union. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1598621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C. Troester
- High-Performance Department, NSW Waratahs Rugby, Moore Park, NSW, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason G. Jasmin
- High-Performance Department, NSW Waratahs Rugby, Moore Park, NSW, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW, Australia
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García-Massó X, Skypala J, Jandacka D, Estevan I. Reliability of a new analysis to compute time to stabilization following a single leg drop jump landing in children. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212124. [PMID: 30753223 PMCID: PMC6372174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of different methods have been proposed to assess the time to stabilization (TTS), none is reliable in every axis and no tests of this type have been carried out on children. The purpose of this study was thus to develop a new computational method to obtain TTS using a time-scale (frequency) approach [i.e. continuous wavelet transformation (WAV)] in children. Thirty normally-developed children (mean age 10.16 years, SD = 1.52) participated in the study. Every participant performed 30 single-leg drop jump landings with the dominant lower limb (barefoot) on a force plate from three different heights (15cm, 20cm and 25cm). Five signals were used to compute the TTS: i) Raw, ii) Root mean squared, iii) Sequential average processing, iv) the fitting curve of the signal using an unbounded third order polynomial fit, and v) WAV. The reliability of the TTS was determined by computing both the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM).In the antero-posterior and vertical axes, the values obtained with the WAV signal from all heights were similar to those obtained by raw, root mean squared and sequential average processing. The values obtained for the medio-lateral axis were relatively small. This WAV provided substantial-to-good ICC values and low SEM for almost all the axes and heights. The results of the current study thus suggest the WAV method could be used to compute overall TTS when studying children's dynamic postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier García-Massó
- HUMAG Research Group, Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jiri Skypala
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Read PJ, Oliver JL, De Ste Croix MBA, Myer GD, Lloyd RS. A Review of Field-Based Assessments of Neuromuscular Control and Their Utility in Male Youth Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:283-299. [PMID: 28658071 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Read, PJ, Oliver, JL, Croix, MS, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. A review of field-based assessments of neuromuscular control and their utility in male youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 283-299, 2019-Lower-extremity injuries in male youth soccer are common and equate to a substantial time loss from training and competitions during the course of a season. Extended periods of absence will impact player involvement in skill and physical development activities, as well as participation in competitive match play. Neuromuscular risk factors for lower-extremity injury in male youth soccer players can be categorized into quadriceps dominance, leg dominance, ligament dominance, trunk dominance, and reduced dynamic stability. Valid screening methods to identify risk factors that are practically viable are needed for youth athletes who may be at a greater risk of injury in soccer. Although field-based tests of neuromuscular control provide a reliable option for the assessment of injury risk in adults and females, less data are available in male youth soccer players, and further research is required to examine their ability to predict injury risk. This article provides a review of the current literature pertaining to field-based screening tests and critically appraises their suitability for use with male youth soccer players. Currently, the only method that has been validated in male youth soccer players is the landing error scoring system. Asymmetrical anterior reach measured during the Y-Balance test may also be considered because of its strong predictive ability in male youth basketball players; however, further research is required to fully support its use with soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Read
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, London, United Kingdom.,Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jon L Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, United Kingdom.,Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Gregory D Myer
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, United Kingdom.,Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Center for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, New Zealand
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Between-Limb Symmetry during Double-Leg Vertical Hop Landing in Males an Average of Two Years after ACL Reconstruction is Highly Correlated with Postoperative Physiotherapy Supervision Duration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8122586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates whether double-leg and single-leg vertical hops (VH) landing between-limb symmetry in males, an average of two years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), is associated with postoperative physiotherapy supervision duration. Thirty-eight healthy controls and thirty-eight males after primary unilateral ACLR, with the use of ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autograft, on average two years before, underwent bilateral peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) measurements during double-leg and single-leg VH landing, using two force plates. The vGRF was normalized to the body mass (vGRF BM). The vGRF BM limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated. Tests for dependent and independent samples and linear Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) calculations were performed. There were significant between-leg differences in the double-leg (p < 0.001) vGRF BM values. The longer the postoperative physiotherapy supervision duration was, the higher the double-leg VH LSI values (r = 0.727; p < 0.001). There was also a significant but weak positive association between the single-leg VH landing LSI value and the physiotherapy supervision duration (r = 0.333; p = 0.041). Between-limb symmetry during double-leg VH landing in males, an average of two years after ACLR, was correlated with postoperative physiotherapy supervision duration. Fully supervised postoperative physiotherapy for a minimum of six months is more effective for improving VH landing limb symmetry in patients after ACLR.
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Sung PS. The Sensitivity of Thresholds by Ground Reaction Force and Postural Stability in Subjects With and Without Navicular Drop. J Foot Ankle Surg 2018; 57:742-746. [PMID: 29748108 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding plantar pressure changes is an important component of the functional evaluation of subjects with flat foot. However, the altered postural control determined by the threshold from the vertical ground reaction force (GRF) requires clarification. The purpose of our study was to investigate the various GRF thresholds in subjects with and without flat foot during 1-leg standing. We included 34 control subjects and 30 subjects with flat foot in the present study. They performed the 1-leg standing test for 30 seconds, with the contralateral hip and knee flexed approximately 90°. The sensitivity of the various GRF thresholds (3, 7, 15, 50, and 100 N) for the postural stability index was analyzed with and without visual input. The standing times for the control and flat foot groups were 23.76 ± 4.42 and 21.78 ± 6.59 seconds, respectively, with no significant differences (t = 1.23; p = .22). The 2 groups demonstrated a significant interaction between the visual condition and the threshold levels (F = 11.40; p = .001). The postural stability index was significantly different in the eyes-open condition (0.95 ± 0.08 for the control group versus 0.84 ± 0.23 for the flat foot group; t = 2.29; p = .02). However, no difference was found in the eyes-closed condition (0.94 ± 0.10 for the control group versus 0.81 ± 0.30 for the flat foot group; t = 1.45; p = .15). These results indicate that GRF thresholds less than the 15N setting are sensitive to detect postural stability between groups, especially in the eyes-open condition. The GRF threshold setting, in addition to the visual condition, could alter the outcomes of sensitive plantar pressure changes in subjects with flat foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Sung
- Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Motion Analysis Center, Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI.
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36
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Lower Limb Biomechanics During Single-Leg Landings Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2018; 48:2103-2126. [PMID: 29949109 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may not restore lower limb biomechanics during single-limb landings. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to identify and evaluate differences in lower limb biomechanics during high-demand single-limb landings between the ACLR limb and the contralateral limb and healthy control participants. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted using six electronic databases searched until April 2017 for published peer-reviewed studies that investigated lower limb biomechanics on the ACLR limb compared with either the contralateral limb or those of control participants. Meta-analysis with standardized mean differences (SMD) were performed for peak angles and moments (hip, knee and ankle joints) in the sagittal plane during single-limb landing tasks. RESULTS A total of 35 studies met inclusion criteria. Four different single-leg landing tasks were identified: forward hop (n = 24 studies), landing from a height (n = 9 studies), vertical hop (n = 4 studies), and diagonal leap (n = 1 study). A reduced peak knee flexion angle was found in the ACLR limb compared with the contralateral limb during a forward hop landing task (SMD - 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.59 to - 0.18) and compared with a control group (SMD between - 1.01 and - 0.45) for all three reported single-leg landing tasks: forward hop, landing from a height, and diagonal leap. Similarly, a reduced peak knee internal extensor moment was found in the ACLR limb compared with the contralateral limb for all three reported landing tasks: forward hop, landing from a height, vertical hop (SMD between - 1.43 and - 0.53), and in two of three landing tasks when compared with a control group (SMD between - 1.2 and - 0.52). No significant differences in peak flexion (hip and ankle) angle or peak (hip and ankle) internal extensor moment were found in the ACLR limb compared with both the contralateral limb and a control group. CONCLUSIONS Participants performed single-limb landings on the ACLR limb with reductions in peak sagittal knee kinematics as well as peak joint moments compared with both the contralateral limb and a control group. Stiffer single-leg landings potentially expose the knee joint to higher forces, which may increase risk of injury. Clinical testing after ACLR surgery should explore movement quality as well as performance of functional tasks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case-control, IV.
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37
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Pau M, Porta M, Arippa F, Pilloni G, Sorrentino M, Carta M, Mura M, Leban B. Dynamic postural stability, is associated with competitive level, in youth league soccer players. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 35:36-41. [PMID: 30419410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of competitive level on dynamic postural stability in young elite and sub-elite soccer players. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-four male soccer players of Under 16 and Under 17 categories (mean age 15.9 ± 0.6), divided into two groups who regularly compete at national (n = 28) and regional (n = 26) levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) and vertical Time to Stabilization (vTTS) for a forward-jump landing. Static postural sway was calculated on the basis of center-of-pressure trajectories for a 20 s one-legged stance. RESULTS Players at national level exhibit better dynamic postural control than those at regional level, as indicated by the significantly lower DPSI (0.327 vs. 0.373, p < 0.001) and vTTS (0.887 vs. 1.158 s, p = 0.003). In contrast, no differences between groups were found in any of the postural sway parameters for the static test. CONCLUSIONS Young soccer players at national level are characterized by better balance performance in terms of faster and more efficient stabilization after a forward jump, while one-leg static standing tests appear not challenging enough to reveal differences in balance abilities associated with the combination of superior technical and physical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Pau
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Micaela Porta
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Arippa
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pilloni
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Sorrentino
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Carta
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Leban
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Naserpour M, Goharpey S, Saki A, Mohammadi Z. Dynamic postural control during step down task in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:1289-1292. [PMID: 30349166 PMCID: PMC6181662 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the differences in dynamic postural control during forward step down (FSD) task in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). [Participants and Methods] Sixty-eight participants (34 males and 34 females) were divided into the following 2 groups: 34 PFPS patients (17 males and 17 females) and 34 healthy controls (17 males and 17 females). Each participant performed FSD task from a height of 20 cm. A force platform was used to extract the center of pressure parameters during FSD task for calculation of time to stabilization (TTS) in the anterior-posterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L) direction. [Results] PFPS group took longer time to stabilize than the healthy control group in A/P and M/L directions. A main effect for direction was found, and this indicated that the A/P TTS of 8.43 ± 0.79s was longer than the M/L TTS of 5.56 ± 1.95s in healthy participants and A/P TTS of 9.09 ± 0.82s was longer than the M/L TTS of 7.15 ± 2.11s in PFPS. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that dynamic postural control can be affected in PFPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Naserpour
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: Golestan St., Ahvaz 6135733133, Iran
| | - Shahin Goharpey
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: Golestan St., Ahvaz 6135733133, Iran
| | - Amal Saki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohammadi
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: Golestan St., Ahvaz 6135733133, Iran
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Giesche F, Engeroff T, Wilke J, Niederer D, Vogt L, Banzer W. Neurophysiological correlates of motor planning and movement initiation in ACL-reconstructed individuals: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023048. [PMID: 30232114 PMCID: PMC6150139 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current evidence suggests that the loss of mechanoreceptors after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears might be compensated by increased cortical motor planning. This occupation of cerebral resources may limit the potential to quickly adapt movements to unforeseen external stimuli in the athletic environment. To date, studies investigating such neural alterations during movement focused on simple, anticipated tasks with low ecological validity. This trial, therefore, aims to investigate the cortical and biomechanical processes associated with more sport-related and injury-related movements in ACL-reconstructed individuals. METHODS AND ANALYSIS ACL-reconstructed participants and uninjured controls will perform repetitive countermovement jumps with single leg landings. Two different conditions are to be completed: anticipated (n=35) versus unanticipated (n=35) successful landings. Under the anticipated condition, participants receive the visual information depicting the requested landing leg prior to the jump. In the unanticipated condition, this information will be provided only about 400 msec prior to landing. Neural correlates of motor planning will be measured using electroencephalography. In detail, movement-related cortical potentials, frequency spectral power and functional connectivity will be assessed. Biomechanical landing quality will be captured via a capacitive force plate. Calculated parameters encompass time to stabilisation, vertical peak ground reaction force, and centre of pressure path length. Potential systematic differences between ACL-reconstructed individuals and controls will be identified in dependence of jumping condition (anticipated/ unanticipated, injured/uninjured leg and controls) by using interference statistics. Potential associations between the cortical and biomechanical measures will be calculated by means of correlation analysis. In case of statistical significance (α<0.05.) further confounders (cofactors) will be considered. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The independent Ethics Committee of the University of Frankfurt (Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences) approved the study. Publications in peer-reviewed journals are planned. The findings will be presented at scientific conferences. TRIAL STATUS At the time of submission of this manuscript, recruitment is ongoing. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03336060; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Giesche
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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McCann RS, Bolding BA, Terada M, Kosik KB, Crossett ID, Gribble PA. Isometric Hip Strength and Dynamic Stability of Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability. J Athl Train 2018; 53:672-678. [PMID: 30084648 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-238-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Compared with individuals who have a history of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) without markers of chronic ankle instability (CAI; LAS copers) and healthy people, those with CAI often exhibit neuromuscular impairments and dynamic-stability deficits at the hip. However, the influence of hip-strength deficits on dynamic stability remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare isometric hip strength and dynamic stability in individuals with or without CAI and examine the degree of dynamic-stability variance explained by isometric hip strength. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Sixty individuals (47 women, 13 men; age = 23.7 ± 4.6 years, height = 166.6 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 70.8 ± 15.7 kg) separated into CAI, LAS coper, and control groups based on previously established criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Group differences in resultant vector time to stabilization (RVTTS) and isometric hip-extension, -abduction, and external-rotation strength were determined using 1-way analyses of covariance that controlled for sex and limb (dominant or nondominant) tested and Cohen d effect sizes (95% confidence intervals). Backward linear regressions and Cohen f2 effect sizes (95% confidence intervals) determined the amount of RVTTS variance explained by isometric hip strength. Significance was set a priori at P < .05. RESULTS The CAI group had less isometric hip-extension strength than LAS copers ( P = .02, d = 0.72 [0.06, 1.34]) and controls ( P = .01, d = 1.19 [0.50, 1.84]) and less external-rotation strength than LAS copers ( P = .03, d = 0.78 [0.13, 1.41]) and controls ( P = .01, d = 1.02 [0.34, 1.65]). No group differences existed for RVTTS ( F2,57 = 1.16, P = .32) or abduction strength ( F2,57 = 2.84, P = .07). Resultant vector time to stabilization was explained by isometric hip strength for LAS copers ( R2 = 0.21, f2 = 0.27 [0.22, 0.32], P = .04) but not for the CAI ( R2 = 0.12, f2 = 0.14 [0.06, 0.22], P = .22) or control ( R2 = 0.10, f2 = 0.11 [0.03, 0.19], P = .18) groups. CONCLUSIONS Participants with CAI had decreased isometric hip strength, but that did not equate to dynamic-stability deficits. Clinicians should include hip-muscle strengthening in rehabilitation protocols for patients with CAI, yet these gains may not enhance dynamic stability when landing from a jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S McCann
- School of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Masafumi Terada
- College of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatus, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kyle B Kosik
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | - Phillip A Gribble
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Preferred Hip Strategy During Landing Reduces Knee Abduction Moment in Collegiate Female Soccer Players. J Sport Rehabil 2018; 27:213-217. [PMID: 28338388 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hip-focused interventions are aimed to decrease frontal plane knee loading related to anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Whether a preferred hip landing strategy decreases frontal plane knee loading is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if a preferred hip landing strategy during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) is utilized during a single-leg landing (SLL) task and whether differences in frontal plane knee loading are consistent between a DVJ and an SLL task. DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three collegiate, female soccer players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were dichotomized into a hip (HIP; n = 9) or knee/ankle (KA; n = 14) strategy group based on the percentage distribution of each lower extremity joint relative to the summated moment (% distribution) during the DVJ. Separate 1-way analysis of variances examined the differences in joint-specific % distribution and external knee abduction moment between the HIP and KA groups. RESULTS The HIP group had significantly greater % distribution of hip moment and less % distribution of knee moment compared with the KA group during the DVJ and SLL. External knee abduction moment was also significantly less in the HIP group compared with the KA group during the DVJ. CONCLUSIONS Female soccer athletes who land with a preferred hip strategy during a DVJ also land with a preferred hip strategy during an SLL. The preferred hip strategy also resulted in less external knee abduction moments during the DVJ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Targeting the neuromuscular control of the hip extensor may be useful in reducing risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
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Abstract
CONTEXT The underlying mechanism in 27% of ankle sprains is a fall while navigating stairs. Therefore, the step-down test (SDT) may be useful to investigate dynamic postural stability deficits in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). OBJECTIVE To investigate the test-retest reliability and validity of the forward and lateral SDT protocol between individuals with CAI and uninjured controls. DESIGN Test-retest study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 46 individuals, 23 with CAI and 23 uninjured controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to stabilization of the forward and lateral SDT. RESULTS The absolute reliability (SEM = 0.04-0.12 s; SDD = 0.11-0.33 s) of the SDT protocol was acceptable, whereas the relative reliability (ICC3, k = 0.12-0.63) and discriminant validity (P = .42-.99; AUC = 0.50-0.57) were not. CONCLUSIONS The SDT appears to not be challenging enough to detect dynamic postural stability differences between individuals with and without CAI. However, the SDT may be capable of measuring change over time based on its good absolute reliability.
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Yuen TS, Lam PY, Lau MY, Siu WL, Yu KM, Lo CN, Ng J. Changes in Lower Limb Strength and Function Following Lumbar Spinal Mobilization. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2017; 40:587-596. [PMID: 29187310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether grade III passive lumbar rotational mobilization on L2-3 can improve hip flexor strength and performance in the single-leg triple-hop test in asymptomatic young adults. METHODS Twenty-four participants (12 men, 12 women) aged from 19 to 26 years who were positive in the hip flexor "break" test were recruited in this study. They were randomly allocated to the treatment group or sham group. Isometric hip flexor torque (N·m) and single-leg triple-hop distance (cm) were measured before and after a passive lumbar rotational mobilization or a sham intervention. RESULTS After the intervention, both the treatment and sham groups exhibited a significant increase in longest hop distance (P = .040 and .044, respectively). The treatment group had a significantly higher (3.41 ± 5.44%) positive percentage change in torque than the sham group (-2.36 ± 5.81%) (P = .02). CONCLUSION The study results indicated a potential effect of grade III passive lumbar rotational mobilization in improving hip flexor strength. However, whether the improvement in hopping performance was the result of a treatment effect or a learning effect could not be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsoi Sze Yuen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Pui Yu Lam
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Mei Yan Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Lam Siu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Man Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Ngai Lo
- Cluster of Health & Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore.
| | - Joseph Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Kerkhoff A, Wagner H, Nagel A, Möller M, Peikenkamp K. Effects of two different foot orthoses on muscle activity in female during single-leg landing. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-017-0474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Krkeljas Z. Comparison of jump-landing protocols with Biodex Balance System as measures of dynamic postural stability in athletes. Sports Biomech 2017; 17:371-382. [PMID: 28730881 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1348537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the two common methods for assessing postural stability in athletes: the time-to-stabilisation (TTS) via force-plate and the Biodex Balance System (BBS). The conditions under which these measurements assess dynamic postural control may not provide sufficient feedback to practitioners. Fourty-four amateur soccer players with no history of musculoskeletal disorders volunteered for the study. Pearson correlation was used to compare the anterior-posterior (AP), medio-lateral (ML), and the overall stability indexes measured by BBS, with the corresponding parameters of TTS assessed via force plate. There was no significant correlation between any parameters of dynamic stability measured by force-plate and the stability indexes. However, there was a significant correlation between the resulting vectors and the AP component of TTS for each jump protocol. Furthermore, forward drop landing exhibited shortest TTS in AP direction, while lateral drop landing resulted in longer ML TTS relative to both forward jumps (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the TTS and BBS stability indexes should be used as distinct measures of dynamic postural stability. TTS protocols may be modified to target a specific training conditions or athletic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarko Krkeljas
- a Physical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Entity , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa.,b Department of Sport Science , University of Stellenbosch , Stellenbosch , South Africa
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McGrath TM, Waddington G, Scarvell JM, Ball N, Creer R, Woods K, Smith D, Adams R. An Ecological Study of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part 2: Functional Performance Tests Correlate With Return-to-Sport Outcomes. Orthop J Sports Med 2017; 5:2325967116688443. [PMID: 28255567 PMCID: PMC5315235 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116688443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to better define the objective criteria used in relation to return-to-sport decisions after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in active populations. Purpose: To investigate prospectively the relationship between functional performance test results at 24 weeks postoperative and return-to-sport activity (Tegner activity score) at 12 and 24 months, respectively, after synthetic (ligament advanced reinforcement system [LARS]) and autograft (doubled semitendinosus/gracilis [2ST/2GR]) ACL reconstructions. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 64 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (32 LARS, 32 2ST/2GR autograft; mean age, 27.9 years; body mass index [BMI], 24.9 kg/m2) were assessed preoperatively and at staged intervals postoperatively up to 24 weeks for isokinetic testing of quadriceps and hamstring average power per repetition at 60 deg/s and 180 deg/s, a battery of hop tests, peak vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF), and time to peak vGRF (in seconds) during a step- and jump-down task onto a force platform and peak speed (m/s) using a global positioning system (GPS unit) during a running task. A cohort of 32 healthy matched participants (mean age, 26.31 years; BMI, 25.7 kg/m2) were also tested to act as reference. Pearson correlation was calculated to assess correlation of each performance measure at 24 weeks postoperative with activity outcomes (Tegner score) at 12 and 24 months. Results: The strongest correlation between physical performance tests and return-to-sport outcomes was observed with peak speed during running. Large correlations were also observed for hamstring isokinetic power and hop test for distance. Moderate correlations were observed for timed hop, peak vGRF during a jump-down task, and quadriceps isokinetic power. No statistical correlations were observed for time to peak vGRF during a step-down and jump-down task as well as peak vGRF during a step-down task. When the performance tests were pooled together, mean postoperative improvements of 24% were observed from preoperative to 24 weeks within the surgical cohort. For each performance test, preoperative level of function strongly correlated with performance levels on the same test at 24 weeks. Discussion: The results of this study indicate that clinicians might seek to prioritize these tests and the rehabilitation themes they imply when seeking to maximize postoperative ACL activity outcomes. The observed strength between pre- and postoperative performance tests and return-to-sport outcomes within this study highlights the potential value of preoperative conditioning before undergoing ACL reconstruction. Future research should examine absolute predictive criterion thresholds for functional performance-based tests and reinjury risk reduction after ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M McGrath
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Jennie M Scarvell
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Nick Ball
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
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Luque-Siles C, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Jímenez-Rejano JJ, de-la-Orden SG, Plaza-Manzano G, López-Illescas-Ruiz A, Ferragut-Garcías A, Romero-Franco N, Martín-Casas P, Pecos-Martín D. Reliability and minimal detectable change of three functional tests: forward-lunge, step-up-over and sit-to-stand. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:3384-3389. [PMID: 28174457 PMCID: PMC5276766 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To examine the intrasession and intersession reliability and the absolute
reliability of three functional dynamic tests—forward-lunge, step-up-over and sit-to-stand
tests—using computerized dynamic posturography. [Subjects and Methods] An intra-test and
test-retest, repeated measure study was designed. Forty-five healthy subjects twice
carried out the forward-lunge test, step-up-over test, and sit-to-stand test on two days,
one week apart. The intrasession and intersession reliabilities as judged by the
intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the minimal detectable change of the three
functional tests were calculated. [Results] Excellent to very good intrasession
reliability of the forward-lunge test (ICC range of 0.9–0.8) was found. Very good to good
intrasession reliability of the step-up-over test (ICC range of 0.9–0.5) was found and
very good intrasession reliability of the sit-to-stand test (ICC range of 0.8–0.7) was
found. The minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence level of most of the measures
was lower than 30%. [Conclusion] The forward-lunge, step-up-over and sit-to-stand tests
are reliable measurement tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Luque-Siles
- High Performance Sports Medicine Center of the High Council for Sports, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Pecos-Martín
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Alcalá, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapiay Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
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Read PJ, Oliver JL, Croix MBDS, Myer GD, Lloyd RS. Consistency of Field-Based Measures of Neuromuscular Control Using Force-Plate Diagnostics in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:3304-3311. [PMID: 27075641 PMCID: PMC5053830 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Read, P, Oliver, JL, Croix, MD, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Consistency of field-based measures of neuromuscular control using force-plate diagnostics in elite male youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3304-3311, 2016-Deficits in neuromuscular control during movement patterns such as landing are suggested pathomechanics that underlie sport-related injury. A common mode of assessment is measurement of landing forces during jumping tasks; however, these measures have been used less frequently in male youth soccer players, and reliability data are sparse. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of a field-based neuromuscular control screening battery using force-plate diagnostics in this cohort. Twenty-six pre-peak height velocity (PHV) and 25 post-PHV elite male youth soccer players completed a drop vertical jump (DVJ), single-leg 75% horizontal hop and stick (75%HOP), and single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ). Measures of peak landing vertical ground reaction force (pVGRF), time to stabilization, time to pVGRF, and pVGRF asymmetry were recorded. A test-retest design was used, and reliability statistics included change in mean, intraclass correlation coefficient, and coefficient of variation (CV). No significant differences in mean score were reported for any of the assessed variables between test sessions. In both groups, pVGRF and asymmetry during the 75%HOP and SLCMJ demonstrated largely acceptable reliability (CV ≤ 10%). Greater variability was evident in DVJ pVGRF and all other assessed variables, across the 3 protocols (CV range = 13.8-49.7%). Intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from small to large and were generally higher in the post-PHV players. The results of this study suggest that pVGRF and asymmetry can be reliably assessed using a 75%HOP and SLCMJ in this cohort. These measures could be used to support a screening battery for elite male youth soccer players and for test-retest comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Read
- 1School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, London, United Kingdom; 2Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; 3School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom; 4Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio; 5Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; 6The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Boston, Massachusetts; 7Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand; and 8Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Dynamic balance is impaired after a match in young elite soccer players. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 22:11-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Relationship of Hip and Trunk Muscle Function with Single Leg Step-Down Performance: Implications for Return to Play Screening and Rehabilitation. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 22:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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