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Jouira G, Borji R, Waer FB, Srihi S, Rebai H, Sahli S. Impact of neuromuscular training including balance, strength and plyometric exercises on static and dynamic balance in high-level male runners with mild intellectual disability. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2024; 37:e13211. [PMID: 38382556 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the impact of neuromuscular training (NMT) on static and dynamic postural balance (PB) among high-level male runners with intellectual disability. METHOD Twenty-seven runners were randomly assigned to a NMT group and a control group who maintained their conventional training. Static and dynamic PB were assessed using the centre of pressure (CoP) excursions (in bipedal and unipedal stances under open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) conditions) and the star excursion balance test (SEBT), respectively, at pre-training and post-training. RESULTS The NMT group showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased CoP values and increased SEBT scores at post-training compared to pre-training. The switch from OE to CE did not affect static PB in the bipedal stance, only in the NMT group. CONCLUSIONS The NMT was effective in improving static and dynamic PB in runners with intellectual disability. The NMT could reduce visual dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Jouira
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Borji
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Selim Srihi
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Valenzuela R, Corral J, Diez M, Campa FJ, Herrero S, Macho E, Pinto C. On-Screen Visual Feedback Effect on Static Balance Assessment with Perturbations. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1588. [PMID: 38475122 DOI: 10.3390/s24051588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the novel mobile dynamometric platform, OREKA, was utilized to perform an extensive analysis of the centre of pressure behaviour during different tilt motion exercises. This platform is based on a parallel manipulator mechanism and can perform rotations around both horizontal axes and a vertical translation. A group of participants took part in an experimental campaign involving the completion of a set of exercises. The aim was to evaluate the platform's potential practical application and investigate the impact of visual on-screen feedback on centre of pressure motion through multiple balance indicators. The use of the OREKA platform enables the study of the impact on a user's balance control behaviour under different rotational perturbations, depending on the availability of real-time visual feedback on a screen. Furthermore, it presented data identifying postural control variations among clinically healthy individuals. These findings are fundamental to comprehending the dynamics of body balance. Further investigation is needed to explore these initial findings and fully unlock the potential of the OREKA platform for balance assessment methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Valenzuela
- Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Corral
- Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Diez
- Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco J Campa
- Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Saioa Herrero
- Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Erik Macho
- Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Charles Pinto
- Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Fuss FK. Joint Stress Analysis of the Navicular Bone of the Horse and Its Implications for Navicular Disease. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:87. [PMID: 38247964 PMCID: PMC10812965 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The horse's navicular bone is located inside the hoof between the deep flexor tendon (DDFT) and the middle and end phalanges. The aim of this study was to calculate the stress distribution across the articular surface of the navicular bone and to investigate how morphological variations of the navicular bone affect the joint forces and stress distribution. Joint forces normalised to the DDFT force were calculated from force and moment equilibria from morphological parameters determined on mediolateral radiographs. The stress distribution on the articular surface was determined from the moment equilibrium of the stress vectors around the centre of pressure. The ratio of the proximal to the distal moment arms of the DDFT, as well as the proximo-distal position and extent of the navicular bone, individually or in combination, have a decisive influence on the position and magnitude of the joint force and the stress distribution. If the moment arms are equal and the bone is more proximal, the joint force vector originates from the centre of the joint surface and the joint load is evenly distributed. However, in a more distal position with a longer distal moment arm, the joint force is close to the distal edge, where the joint stress reaches its peak. Degenerative navicular disease, which causes lameness and pathological changes in the distal portion of the bone in sport horses, is likely to be more severe in horses with wedge-shaped navicular bones than in horses with square bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Konstantin Fuss
- Chair of Biomechanics, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Department of Biomechatronics, Division of Biomechanics, Fraunhofer Institute of Production Engineering and Automation IPA, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Leabeater A, Vickery-Howe D, Perrett C, James L, Middleton K, Driller M. Evaluating the effect of sports compression tights on balance, sprinting, jumping and change of direction tasks. Sports Biomech 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38190250 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2298955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Compression garments are commonly used during athletic tasks. However, the effect of compression garments on balance, sprinting, jumping and change of direction performance requires further investigation. In the current study, 24 recreationally active participants (12 males, 12 females, age 27 ± 3 years) completed single-leg balance tasks, countermovement jumps, drop jumps, 10 m straight line sprints and change of direction tasks wearing either compression tights (COMP) or regular exercise tights (CON). There was a significant main effect of the condition for 10 m sprint time (p = 0.03, d = -0.18) and change of direction time (p = 0.03, d = -0.20) in favour of COMP. In addition, there was a significant, small difference (p = 0.05, d = -0.30) in ellipse area and a small (p = 0.16, d = 0.21) difference in balance time in favour of COMP during a single-leg balance task. There were no significant differences between trials for any of the other balance or jump tests (p > 0.05). The application of compression tights during exercise may offer small benefits to the performance of balance and change of direction tasks, though these benefits are likely within the typical error of measurement for the tests used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Leabeater
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Vickery-Howe
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Corey Perrett
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lachlan James
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kane Middleton
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Driller
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lesch KJ, Hyrylä VV, Eronen T, Kupari S, Stenroth L, Venojärvi M, Tarvainen MP, Tikkanen HO. Young type 1 diabetes subjects sway more than healthy persons when somatosensory system is challenged in static standing postural stability tests. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:56-62. [PMID: 37455246 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, it is important to prevent diabetes-related complications and postural instability may be one clinically observable manifestation early on. This study was set to investigate differences between type 1 diabetics and healthy controls in variables of instrumented posturography assessment to inform about the potential of the assessment in early detection of diabetes-related complications. Eighteen type 1 diabetics with no apparent complications (HbA1c = 58 ± 9 mmol/L, diabetes duration = 15 ± 7 years) and 35 healthy controls underwent six 1-min two feet standing postural stability tests on a force plate. Study groups were comparable in age and anthropometric and performed the test with eyes open, eyes closed (EC), and EC head up with and without unstable padding. Type 1 diabetics exhibited greater sway (path length, p = 0.044 and standard deviation of velocity, p = 0.039) during the EC test with the unstable pad. Also, power spectral density indicated greater relative power (p = 0.043) in the high-frequency band in the test with EC head up on the unstable pad and somatosensory activity increased more (p = 0.038) when the unstable pad was added to the EC test. Type 1 diabetes may induce subtle changes in postural control requiring more active balancing when stability is challenged. Postural assessment using a portable easy-to-use force plate shows promise in detecting a diabetes-related decline in postural control that may be used as a sensitive biomarker of early-phase diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim J Lesch
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa V Hyrylä
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Eronen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Saana Kupari
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lauri Stenroth
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Venojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika P Tarvainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki O Tikkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Jones KM, Wallace ES, Otto SR. Centre of pressure golf swing movement strategies are better defined using a continuous approach than by segregated styles. J Sports Sci 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37149899 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2210852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between movement style and golf performance have been well researched, but the premise of segregated movement styles has not been fully examined. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the postulation that centre of pressure data are not best described by segregated styles but instead by a continuum and to determine relationships between centre of pressure, handicap and clubhead speed using a continuous approach. Centre of pressure paths of driver and 5-iron shots from 104 amateur golfers were analysed using discrete and continuous methods. Discrete methods used different cluster evaluation criteria which result in two-cluster and twenty-cluster solutions being considered "optimum". The two-cluster solution showed the characteristics of "front-foot" and "reverse" centre of pressure styles. However, a continuous principal component analysis method revealed that the clusters were not well separated and provided support for a multidimensional continuum. The principal components had a high correlation with handicap and clubhead speed. Lower handicap and higher swing speed golfers tended to display a centre of pressure with a "front-foot" style and a fast transition towards the front foot at the start of the downswing. A continuous characterisation of centre of pressure styles has more utility than the segregated styles previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M Jones
- Equipment Standards, R&A Rules Ltd, St Andrews, UK
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland
| | - Eric S Wallace
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland
| | - Steve R Otto
- Equipment Standards, R&A Rules Ltd, St Andrews, UK
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Meras Serrano H, Mottet D, Caillaud K. Validity and Reliability of Kinvent Plates for Assessing Single Leg Static and Dynamic Balance in the Field. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2354. [PMID: 36850952 PMCID: PMC9967360 DOI: 10.3390/s23042354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate PLATES for assessing unipodal balance in the field, for example, to monitor ankle instabilities in athletes or patients. PLATES is a pair of lightweight, connected force platforms that measure only vertical forces. In 14 healthy women, we measured ground reaction forces during Single Leg Balance and Single Leg Landing tests, first under laboratory conditions (with PLATES and with a 6-DOF reference force platform), then during a second test session in the field (with PLATES). We found that for these simple unipodal balance tests, PLATES was reliable in the laboratory and in the field: PLATES gives results comparable with those of a reference force platform with 6-DOF for the key variables in the tests (i.e., Mean Velocity of the Center of Pressure and Time to Stabilization). We conclude that health professionals, physical trainers, and researchers can use PLATES to conduct Single Leg Balance and Single Leg Landing tests in the laboratory and in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Mottet
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mine Alès, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Zhou Z, Hu Z, Bao W, Yang Y, Chen K. Does the patellar tendon reflex affect the postural stability in stroke patients with blocked vision? Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220283. [PMID: 37082611 PMCID: PMC10111209 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke patients often show postural instability. The patellar tendon reflex is a basic physical examination for stroke patients. This study aimed to explore the correlation between patellar tendon reflex grade and postural stability among stroke patients. Methods A total of 37 elderly stroke patients, each with the same quadriceps muscle strength but different patellar tendon reflex levels, were tested on a force platform under eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions. Parametric analysis, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and power spectral density (PSD) analysis were used in centre of pressure (COP) signal processing. The correlation between the results of measured data processing and the level of patellar tendon reflex was analysed. Results All three parameters of COP (the length of the sway trajectory, the mean range of the sway trajectory in the mediolateral [ML] direction [R x ], and the mean range of the sway trajectory in the anterior-posterior [AP] directions [R y ]) were negatively correlated with the patient's patellar tendon reflex grade under the EC condition. The DFA results showed that a higher grade of patellar tendon reflex was associated with a smaller value of the crossover point in the AP direction. Only the PSD values of each frequency band in the AP direction were negatively correlated with patellar tendon reflex grade with EO and became negatively correlated in both AP and ML directions with EC. Overall, the results showed a strong correlation between patellar tendon reflex and postural stability in stroke patients when vision was blocked. Significance The strong correlation with EC may provide insights into clinic evaluation and treatment for rehabilitation or fall risks of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No.1158, Xiasha 2nd Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200000, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No.1158, Xiasha 2nd Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No.1158, Xiasha 2nd Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No.1158, Xiasha 2nd Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
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Brindle RA, Bleakley CM, Taylor JB, Queen RM, Ford KR. Validity of estimating center of pressure during walking and running with plantar load from a three-sensor wireless insole. Wearable Technol 2022; 3:e8. [PMID: 38486902 PMCID: PMC10936251 DOI: 10.1017/wtc.2022.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if estimated center of pressure (COP) from plantar force data collected using three-sensor loadsol insoles was comparable to the COP from plantar pressure data collected using pedar insoles during walking and running. Ten healthy adults walked and ran at self-selected speeds on a treadmill while wearing both a loadsol and pedar insole in their right shoe. Plantar force recorded from the loadsol was used to estimate COP along mediolateral (COPx) and anteroposterior (COPy) axes. The estimated COPx and COPy were compared with the COPx and COPy from pedar using limits of agreement and Spearman's rank correlation. There were significant relationships and agreement within 5 mm in COPx and 20 mm in COPy between loadsol and pedar at 20-40% of stance during walking and running. However, loadsol demonstrated biases of 7 mm in COPx and 10 mm in COPy compared to pedar near initial contact and toe-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Brindle
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, USA
| | - Chris M. Bleakley
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey B. Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robin M. Queen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin R. Ford
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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Menzel T, Potthast W. Validation of a Novel Boxing Monitoring System to Detect and Analyse the Centre of Pressure Movement on the Boxer's Fist. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21248394. [PMID: 34960487 PMCID: PMC8703349 DOI: 10.3390/s21248394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The examination of force distribution and centre of pressure (CoP) displacement is a common method to analyse motion, load, and load distribution in biomechanical research. In contrast to gait analysis, the force progression in boxing punches is a new field of investigation. The centre of pressure displacement and distribution of forces on the surface of the fist during a boxing punch is of great interest and crucial to understanding the effect of the punch on the biological structures of the hand as well as the technical biomechanical aspects of the punching action. This paper presents a new method to display the CoP progression on the boxer’s fist Therefore, this study presents the validation of the developed novel boxing monitoring system in terms of CoP displacement. In addition, the CoP progression of different punching techniques in boxing is analysed on the athlete’s fist. The accuracy of the examination method of the CoP course was validated against the gold standard of a Kistler force plate. High correlations were detected between the developed sensor system and the force plate CoP with a Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from 0.93 to 0.97. The information obtained throughout the experimental study is of great importance in order to gain further knowledge into the technical execution of boxing punches as well as to provide a novel measuring method for determining CoP on the surface of the fist, to improve the understanding of the etiology of boxing-related hand injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Menzel
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Potthast
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
The dynamic system that is the bipedal body in motion is of interest to engineers, clinicians and biological anthropologists alike. Spatial statistics is more familiar to public health researchers as a way of analysing disease clustering and spread; nonetheless, this is a practical approach to the two-dimensional topography of the foot. We quantified the clustering of the centre of pressure (CoP) on the foot for peak braking and propulsive vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) over multiple, contiguous steps to assess the consistency of the location of peak forces on the foot during walking. The vertical GRFs of 11 participants were collected continuously via a wireless insole system (MoticonReGo AG) across various experimental conditions. We hypothesized that CoPs would cluster in the hindfoot for braking and forefoot for propulsion, and that braking would demonstrate more consistent clustering than propulsion. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that CoPs during braking are inconsistent in their location, and CoPs during propulsion are more consistent and clustered across all participants and all trials. These results add to our understanding of the applied forces on the foot so that we can better predict fatigue failures and better understand the mechanisms that shaped the modern bipedal form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Hammerberg
- Primate Evolutionary Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3100, USA
| | - Patricia Ann Kramer
- Primate Evolutionary Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3100, USA
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Lam SK, Vujaklija I. Joint Torque Prediction via Hybrid Neuromusculoskeletal Modelling during Gait Using Statistical Ground Reaction Estimates: An Exploratory Study. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21196597. [PMID: 34640917 PMCID: PMC8512679 DOI: 10.3390/s21196597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Joint torques of lower extremity are important clinical indicators of gait capability. This parameter can be quantified via hybrid neuromusculoskeletal modelling that combines electromyography-driven modelling and static optimisation. The simulations rely on kinematics and external force measurements, for example, ground reaction forces (GRF) and the corresponding centres of pressure (COP), which are conventionally acquired using force plates. This bulky equipment, however, hinders gait analysis in real-world environments. While this portability issue could potentially be solved by estimating the parameters through machine learning, the effect of the estimation errors on joint torque prediction with biomechanical models remains to be investigated. This study first estimated GRF and COP through feedforward artificial neural networks, and then leveraged them to predict lower-limb sagittal joint torques via (i) inverse dynamics and (ii) hybrid modelling. The approach was evaluated on five healthy subjects, individually. The predicted torques were validated with the measured torques, showing that hip was the most sensitive whereas ankle was the most resistive to the GRF/COP estimates for both models, with average metrics values being 0.70 < R2 < 0.97 and 0.069 < RMSE < 0.15 (Nm/kg). This study demonstrated the feasibility of torque prediction based on personalised (neuro)musculoskeletal modelling using statistical ground reaction estimates, thus providing insights into potential real-world mobile joint torque quantification.
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13
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Bamber ZA, Wheeler PC, Swain ID, Fong DT. Effect of 8-week treadmill running with peroneal muscle functional electrical stimulation on laterally deviated centre of plantar pressure position and star excursion balance test performance. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2021; 8:20556683211021526. [PMID: 34434562 PMCID: PMC8381417 DOI: 10.1177/20556683211021526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ankle sprain is a common injury that can have long-term sequelae resulting in pain, swelling and a reduction of physical activity participation. Previous research has shown a laterally deviated centre of pressure (COP) during running gait increases the risk of lateral ankle sprain. As a method of altering COP, electrical stimulation has been considered. Method A group of 14 healthy males were randomly allocated to case control groups which were single blinded. The intervention involved an 8-week training programme of functional electrical stimulation to the peroneal muscles during treadmill running, with a sham control group. Outcomes were COP position and star excursion balance test. Statistical analysis was through SPSS using a combination of MANOVA, T-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank. Results There was a significant difference in the results post intervention at max pressure for intervention M = 0.7(±0.7) and control M = -6.0 (±4.6) conditions; t(6) = -2.9, p < 0.05. Conclusion It has been demonstrated that FES can alter COP during max pressure in running gait after an 8-week training programme, although carry over effect appears limited and further testing is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Bamber
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Division of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick C Wheeler
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian D Swain
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Daniel Tp Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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14
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van Andel S. Age-Related Changes in Centre of Pressure Trajectories Analysed with a Novel 'Return to Central' Analysis. J Mot Behav 2021; 54:256-265. [PMID: 34309497 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2021.1952157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate age and fall-risk related changes in balance ability from measures of bipedal quiet stance, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of 'return to central' - Centre of Pressure (COP) trajectories. COP trajectories were extracted from 60-second COP recordings in bipedal stance. In anterior posterior direction, age was associated with a greater number of detected trajectories, increased velocity and more stringent control. No differences related to fall risk were established or to age or fall risk in mediolateral direction. The characteristics 'return to central' COP trajectories provided insight into the working of the postural control system and can be further developed for application if testing balance under challenging conditions is too risky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven van Andel
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Abstract
Quiet standing exhibits strongly intermittent variability that has inspired at least two interpretations. First, variability can be intermittent through the alternating engagement and disengagement of complementary control processes at distinct scales. A second and perhaps deeper way to interpret this intermittency is through the possibility that postural control depends on cascade-like interactions across many timescales at once, suggesting specific non-Gaussian distributional properties at different timescales. Multiscale probability density function (PDF) analysis shows that quiet standing on a stable surface exhibits a crossover from low, increasing non-Gaussianity (consistent with exponential distributions) at shorter timescales, reflecting inertial control, towards higher non-Gaussianity. Feedback-based control at medium to longer timescales yields a linear decrease that is characteristic of cascade dynamics. Destabilizing quiet standing with an unstable surface or closed eyes serves to attenuate inertial control and to elicit more of the feedback-based control over progressively shorter timescales. The result was to strengthen the appearance of the linear decay indicating cascade dynamics. Finally, both linear and nonlinear indices of postural sway also govern the relative strength of crossover or of linear decay, suggesting that tempering of non-Gaussianity across log-timescale is a function of both extrinsic constraints and endogenous postural control. These results provide new evidence that cascading interactions across longer timescales supporting postural corrections can even recruit shorter timescale processes with novel task constraints that can destabilize posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Oku K, Kawahara I, Sugioka T, Tanaka Y, Hoshiba T, Hirose N, Kumai T. Immediate effects of plantar vibration stimuli during static upright posture following total hip arthroplasty in females. Somatosens Mot Res 2020; 37:238-244. [PMID: 32597287 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2020.1784129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proprioceptive function of the lower limbs deteriorates in patients following total hip arthroplasty. Patients show poor balance and rely more on visual information than proprioceptive information. Plantar vibration stimuli can mechanically enhance somatosensory input from the plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors, thereby improving static balance. Plantar vibration stimuli may improve static balance in patients after total hip arthroplasty. This is the first study to investigate whether plantar vibration stimuli affects static balance during the early phase following total hip arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-over design study, 16 female patients (aged 65.1 ± 11.0 years) received plantar vibration stimuli for 2 minutes or the sham interventions after total hip arthroplasty in a randomized order on different days. The foot centre of pressure was measured for the total path length, mediolateral path length, and anteroposterior path length directions before and immediately after the interventions in the static standing position both with eyes open and closed. Patients were instructed to minimize body sway when standing. RESULTS A significant increase was observed in the centre of pressure parameters in the eyes closed condition than in the eyes open condition. The centre of pressure parameters for the eyes closed condition was significantly decreased after vibration interventions than that before intervention. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the view that plantar vibration stimuli can change static balance in patients in the early phase after total hip arthroplasty temporarily by up-weighting sensory information. These stimuli may serve as a treatment option for influencing balance following total hip arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oku
- Nara Medical University Graduate School, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugioka
- Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuma Hoshiba
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hirose
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kumai
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Sports Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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17
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Gündemir O, Duro S, Aydın Kaya D, Zenginler Yazgan Y. Temporo-spatial and kinetic gait parameters in English setter dogs. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:763-769. [PMID: 32462778 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Walking analysis systems have begun to be used in veterinary medicine in recent years. The pressure-sensitive walkway is one of the systems through which we can obtain temporo-spatial and kinetic variables of walking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the walking characteristics of English Setter dogs using a pressure-sensitive system. Twenty-five English Setter dogs were included in the study. Temporo-spatial and kinetic gait parameters were obtained with the pressure-sensitive walkway system. Centre of pressure values were taken separately for the forelimbs and hindlimbs and were statistically analysed. The force values in the forelimb were found to be greater than in the hindlimb during walking. According to the results of dynamic pedobarographic evaluation, the highest-pressure values were found at the 2nd and 3rd digital pads for the forelimbs and on the 3rd and 4th digital pads for the hindlimbs. During the stance, 64.58% of the weight was found to be on the forelimbs. No difference was found between the forelimbs and the hindlimbs in centre of pressure analysis. As conclusion, the gait data obtained from the English Setter dogs can be used in future research to identify animals that may have neurological or orthopaedic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Gündemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sokol Duro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Didar Aydın Kaya
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yonca Zenginler Yazgan
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Thomas-Pohl M, Villa C, Davot J, Bonnet X, Facione J, Lapeyre E, Bascou J, Pillet H. Microprocessor prosthetic ankles: comparative biomechanical evaluation of people with transtibial traumatic amputation during standing on level ground and slope. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2019; 16:17-26. [PMID: 31535903 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2019.1629112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The compensations occurrence due to the alteration of the posture and the gait of persons with lower limb amputation is still an issue in prosthetic fitting. Recently, prosthetic feet designed to reproduce the physiological behaviour of the ankle using a microprocessor control have been commercialized to address this issue. OBJECTIVES Investigate the relevance of these microprocessor prosthetic ankles (MPAs) in the ability of standing on both level and inclined surfaces. METHODS Six persons with transtibial amputation usually fitted with energy storing and returning (ESR) foot tested three MPAs: Elan® Endolite (MPA1), Meridium® Ottobock (MPA2), ProprioFoot® Ossur (MPA3). Each MPA data acquisition was preceded of a 2 weeks adaptation period at home and followed by a 3-weeks wash-out period with their ESR. Lower limb angular position and moment, Centre of Pressure (CoP) position, Ground Reaction Forces (GRF) and functional scores were collected in static, on level ground and 12% inclined slope. RESULTS MPAs allowed a better posture and a reduction of residual knee moment on positive and/or negative slope compared to ESR. Results also reflect that the MPA2 allows the best control of the CoP in all situations. CONCLUSIONS An increased ankle mobility is associated with a better posture and balance on slope. Gait analysis would complete these outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study compares three MPAs to ESR analysing static posture. Static analysis on level ground and slope represents the challenging conditions people with amputation have to cope with in their daily life, especially outdoors. Having a better understanding of the three MPAs behaviour could help to adequately fit the prosthesis to each patient. Implications for rehabilitation This is a study comparing three MPAs. The static analysis in standard and constraining conditions (slope) reflects the balance of people with amputation in their daily life, especially outdoors. Having a better understanding of the behaviour of each foot could help to adequately fit the prosthesis to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Thomas-Pohl
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital D'Instruction Des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
| | - C Villa
- INI, Centre D'étude et de Recherche Sur L'appareillage Des Handicapés (CERAH), Créteil, France.,Arts et Metiers Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Paris, France
| | - J Davot
- INI, Centre D'étude et de Recherche Sur L'appareillage Des Handicapés (CERAH), Créteil, France
| | - X Bonnet
- Arts et Metiers Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Paris, France
| | - J Facione
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital D'Instruction Des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
| | - E Lapeyre
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital D'Instruction Des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
| | - J Bascou
- INI, Centre D'étude et de Recherche Sur L'appareillage Des Handicapés (CERAH), Créteil, France.,Arts et Metiers Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Paris, France
| | - H Pillet
- Arts et Metiers Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Paris, France
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Goggins KA, Tarabini M, Lievers WB, Eger TR. Standing centre of pressure alters the vibration transmissibility response of the foot. Ergonomics 2019; 62:1202-1213. [PMID: 31177967 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1626490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vibration-white foot as an occupational disease has underscored the need to better understand the vibration response of the foot. While vibration transmissibility data exist for a natural standing position, it is anticipated that weight distribution will affect the response. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changes in centre of pressure (COP) on the foot's biomechanical response. Twenty-one participants were exposed to vertical vibration of 30 mm/s, with a sine sweep from 10-200 Hz. Z-axis (vertical) vibration was measured at 24 locations on the right foot, with the COP shifted forward or toward the heel. A mixed model analysis at each location revealed significant differences (p < .001) in the transmissibility response when the COP was altered to the forefoot and rearfoot. In general, the peak frequency of the average vibration response increased for a region of the foot when the COP was shifted toward that region. Practitioner Summary: Altering the centre of pressure location resulted in changes in the transmission of vibration through the foot. The forward lean position was associated with the greatest amplitude of vibration transmissibility at the toes. This information is relevant for clinicians studying vibration-induced white-foot and engineers designing protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Goggins
- a Bharti School of Engineering, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
- b Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - Marco Tarabini
- c Department of Mechanics, Politecnico di Milano , Lecco , Italy
| | - W Brent Lievers
- a Bharti School of Engineering, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
- b Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - Tammy R Eger
- b Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
- d School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
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20
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Hiley MJ, Bajwa Z, Liang Y, Blenkinsop GM. The effect of uphill and downhill slopes on centre of pressure movement, alignment and shot outcome in mid-handicap golfers. Sports Biomech 2019; 20:781-797. [PMID: 31070109 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1601250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine changes in centre of pressure (COP) movement, alignment and shot outcome during golf shots from flat, uphill, and downhill slopes by mid-handicap golfers. Twelve male golfers hit balls with a six-iron from the flat and 5° slopes while kinematics and kinetics of the swing were collected. A launch monitor measured performance outcomes. A shift in the COP was found during the backswing when playing on a slope, but disappeared during the downswing. Golfers attempted to align the body perpendicular to the slope at the start of the swing resulting in COP movement towards the lower foot, but were not able to maintain this throughout the swing, like low handicap golfers. There was no significant difference in stance width, but golfers placed the ball closer to the uphill foot on a slope. Ball speed was not significantly affected by the slope, but launch angle and ball spin were. Golfers were more likely to hit shots to the left from an uphill slope and to the right for a downhill slope. No consistent compensatory adjustments in alignment at address were found, with differences in final ball position due to lateral spin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hiley
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Zarthast Bajwa
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Physical Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Glen M Blenkinsop
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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21
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Chander H, Knight AC, Garner JC, Wade C, Carruth D, Wilson SJ, Gdovin JR, Williams CC. Impact of military type footwear and load carrying workload on postural stability. Ergonomics 2019; 62:103-114. [PMID: 30196761 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1521528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Postural stability has been shown to be impacted by footwear and task performed. This study analysed the impact of two military footwear, standard boot (STB) and minimalist boot (MTB) on postural stability, before (PRE) and after (POST) a load carriage task. Sixteen participants were tested for postural stability using sensory organisation and motor control tests on Neurocom Equitest™. Postural sway, equilibrium scores and postural latencies were analysed using a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA: boot type (STB-MTB) × time (PRE-POST) load carriage task. Significantly greater postural sway variables, lower balance scores and slower postural latencies were seen in STB and POST load carriage conditions (p < .05). The results suggest that MTB exhibited greater balance compared to STB in balance conditions that rely on somatosensory feedback and that balance is lowered after a load carriage task. Decrements in postural stability could be attributed to boot design characteristics and muscular exertion due to the load carriage task. Practitioner Summary: Maintaining optimal postural stability is crucial in military. Impact of military footwear types and load carriage task on postural stability are addressed. Findings provide footwear design and physical exertion implications on postural stability leading to potential interventions that reduce postural stability decrements; thereby, reducing potential falls and fall related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chander
- a Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , Mississippi State University , MS , USA
- d Human Performance Laboratory, Center of Advanced Vehicular Systems , Mississippi State University , MS , USA
| | - Adam C Knight
- a Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , Mississippi State University , MS , USA
| | - John C Garner
- b Department of Health and Kinesiology , Troy University , Troy , AL , USA
| | - Chip Wade
- c TigErgonomics Laboratory Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Daniel Carruth
- d Human Performance Laboratory, Center of Advanced Vehicular Systems , Mississippi State University , MS , USA
| | - Samuel J Wilson
- e Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health Exercise Science and Recreation Management , University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA
| | - Jacob R Gdovin
- f Department of Kinesiology , Missouri State University , Springfield , MO , USA
| | - Caleb C Williams
- e Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health Exercise Science and Recreation Management , University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA
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22
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Panagiotopoulou O, Pataky TC, Day M, Hensman MC, Hensman S, Hutchinson JR, Clemente CJ. Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants ( Loxodonta africana). R Soc Open Sci 2016; 3:160203. [PMID: 27853539 PMCID: PMC5098964 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have evolved a specialized foot morphology to help reduce locomotor pressures while supporting their large body mass. Peak pressures that could cause tissue damage are mitigated passively by the anatomy of elephants' feet, yet this mechanism does not seem to work well for some captive animals. This study tests how foot pressures vary among African and Asian elephants from habitats where natural substrates predominate but where foot care protocols differ. Variations in pressure patterns might be related to differences in husbandry, including but not limited to trimming and the substrates that elephants typically stand and move on. Both species' samples exhibited the highest concentration of peak pressures on the lateral digits of their feet (which tend to develop more disease in elephants) and lower pressures around the heel. The trajectories of the foot's centre of pressure were also similar, confirming that when walking at similar speeds, both species load their feet laterally at impact and then shift their weight medially throughout the step until toe-off. Overall, we found evidence of variations in foot pressure patterns that might be attributable to husbandry and other causes, deserving further examination using broader, more comparable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Panagiotopoulou
- Moving Morphology and Functional Mechanics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Todd C. Pataky
- Institute for Fiber Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
| | - Madeleine Day
- Moving Morphology and Functional Mechanics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael C. Hensman
- Adventures with Elephants, PO Box 1500, Bela Bela 0480, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Sean Hensman
- Adventures with Elephants, PO Box 1500, Bela Bela 0480, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - John R. Hutchinson
- Moving Morphology and Functional Mechanics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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DiDomenico A, McGorry RW, Banks JJ. Stabilisation times after transitions to standing from different working postures. Ergonomics 2016; 59:1288-1293. [PMID: 26841262 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1128563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transitioning to standing after maintaining working postures may result in imbalance and could elicit a fall. The objective of this study was to quantify the magnitude of imbalance using a stabilisation time metric. Forty-five male participants completed three replications of conditions created by one of four working postures (bent at waist, squat, forward kneel, reclined kneel) and three durations within posture. Participants transitioned to quiet standing at a self-selected pace. Stabilisation time, based on changes in centre of pressure velocity, was used to indicate the initiation of steady state while standing. Stabilisation time was significantly affected by static postures but not duration within posture. The largest stabilisation times resulted from transitions initiated from a bent at waist posture. The smallest were associated with the kneeling postures, which were not significantly different from each other. Findings may lead to recommendations for redesign of tasks, particularly in high-risk environments such as construction. Statement of Relevance: Task performance on the jobsite often requires individuals to maintain non-erect postures. This study suggests that working posture affects stabilisation during transition to a standing position. Bending at the waist and squatting resulted in longer stabilisation times, whereas both kneeling postures evaluated resulted in greater imbalance but for a shorter duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond W McGorry
- b Center for Physical Ergonomics , Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety , Hopkinton , MA , USA
| | - Jacob J Banks
- b Center for Physical Ergonomics , Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety , Hopkinton , MA , USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of time-of-day (morning vs. afternoon) on static and dynamic balance in recreational athletes. A total of 34 recreational athletes completed the single-leg stance test with or without eyes open, lower quarter Y-balance test, upper quarter Y-balance test, and single-leg landing balance test in a random order in the morning (7:00-10:00 am) and afternoon (3:00-6:00 pm) for two consecutive days. Compared with the morning, participants demonstrated decreased centre of pressure (COP) sway areas (p = 0.002; Cohen's d (d) = 0.28) and sway speeds (p = 0.002; d = 0.17) during the eyes-open single-leg stance test, increased stance time (p = 0.031; d = 0.16) and decreased COP sway areas (p = 0.029; d = 0.22) during the eyes-closed single-leg stance test, and increased reaching distances (p = 0.024; d = 0.10) during the upper quarter Y-balance test in the afternoon. The between-day effect (day 1 vs. day 2) was observed for several parameters. Time-of-day had a minimal effect on dynamic balance and a noticeable effect on static balance. Time-of-day may be considered as a factor in designing balance training programmes and intervention studies for recreational athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Heinbaugh
- a Division of Kinesiology and Health , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY , USA
| | - Derek T Smith
- a Division of Kinesiology and Health , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY , USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- a Division of Kinesiology and Health , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY , USA
| | - Margaret A Wilson
- b Department of Theatre and Dance , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY , USA
| | - Boyi Dai
- a Division of Kinesiology and Health , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY , USA
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25
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Noble JW, Singer JC, Prentice SD. Control of standing balance while using constructions stilts: comparison of expert and novice users. Ergonomics 2015; 59:265-275. [PMID: 26323594 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1062921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examined the control of standing balance while wearing construction stilts. Motion capture data were collected from nine expert stilt users and nine novices. Three standing conditions were analysed: ground, 60 cm stilts and an elevated platform. Each task was also performed with the head extended as a vestibular perturbation. Both expert and novice groups exhibited lower displacement of the whole body centre of mass and centre of pressure on construction stilts. Differences between the groups were only noted in the elevated condition with no stilts, where the expert group had lower levels of medial-lateral displacement of the centre of pressure. The postural manipulation revealed that the expert group had superior balance to the novice group. Conditions where stilts were worn showed lower levels of correspondence to the inverted pendulum model. Under normal conditions, both expert and novice groups were able to control their balance while wearing construction stilts. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY This work investigated the effects of experience on the control of balance while using construction stilts. Under normal conditions, expert and novice stilt users were able to control their balance while wearing construction stilts. Differences between the expert and novice users were revealed when the balance task was made more difficult, with the experts showing superior balance in these situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Noble
- a Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick , Fredericton , NB , Canada
| | - Jonathan C Singer
- b Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
- c Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Stephen D Prentice
- d Department of Kinesiology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada
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26
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Choi A, Sim T, Mun JH. Improved determination of dynamic balance using the centre of mass and centre of pressure inclination variables in a complete golf swing cycle. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:906-14. [PMID: 26264189 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1076572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Golf requires proper dynamic balance to accurately control the club head through a harmonious coordination of each human segment and joint. In this study, we evaluated the ability for dynamic balance during a golf swing by using the centre of mass (COM)-centre of pressure (COP) inclination variables. Twelve professional, 13 amateur and 10 novice golfers participated in this study. Six infrared cameras, two force platforms and SB-Clinic software were used to measure the net COM and COP trajectories. In order to evaluate dynamic balance ability, the COM-COP inclination angle, COM-COP inclination angular velocity and normalised COM-COP inclination angular jerk were used. Professional golfer group revealed a smaller COM-COP inclination angle and angular velocity than novice golfer group in the lead/trail direction (P < 0.01). In the normalised COM-COP inclination angular jerk, the professional golfer group showed a lower value than the other two groups in all directions. Professional golfers tend to exhibit improved dynamic balance, and this can be attributed to the neuromusculoskeletal system that maintains balance with proper postural control. This study has the potential to allow for an evaluation of the dynamic balance mechanism and will provide useful basic information for swing training and prevention of golf injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahnryul Choi
- a Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering , College of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyong Sim
- a Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering , College of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Hwan Mun
- a Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering , College of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
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Mani R, Milosavljevic S, Sullivan SJ. Control of posture during tasks representing common work-related postures - a reliability study. Ergonomics 2015; 58:980-989. [PMID: 25563860 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.994566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of control of posture using a task battery that represents work-related postural conditions is highly recommended for providing a comprehensive understanding of collective postural demands. However, dearth of evidence exists on the reliability of a task battery, thus precluding its use as an outcome measure in field research. This study investigated the intrasession reliability and systematic variation of force plate derived centre of pressure (COP) measures obtained during repeated performance of a task battery (lifting task, limits of stability and bipedal and unipedal stance). COP signals obtained during each task performance were processed to derive various time-domain COP measures. Statistical analyses revealed that 13 of the 19 COP measures displayed excellent relative (ICC(2,3) ≥ 0.75) and acceptable absolute reliability (SEM%: ≤ 10). Although COP measures displayed systematic variation, the differences were less or equal to the measurement error, except COP measures of unipedal stance and limits of stability. The chosen task battery is reliable and can be used for comprehensive evaluation of control of posture, in both field and laboratory research. Practitioner Summary: Repeated evaluation of multiple tasks together sequentially could introduce measurement variability. This study investigated intrasession reliability of a task battery representing common work-related postures. The chosen task battery was found to be reliable with acceptable measurement error and can be used in field research settings for evaluation of control of posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Mani
- a Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Bianco A, Pomara F, Petrucci M, Battaglia G, Filingeri D, Bellafiore M, Thomas E, Paoli A, Palma A. Postural stability in subjects with whiplash injury symptoms: results of a pilot study. Acta Otolaryngol 2014; 134:947-51. [PMID: 25012056 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2014.906749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Posturographic tests can be used to assess and confirm the body's imbalance in subjects with whiplash injury. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to confirm this pilot study. OBJECTIVES To verify through a posturographic exam the qualitative and quantitative alterations of postural stability in subjects with previous cervical trauma in comparison with healthy subjects. METHODS A total of 42 subjects were analysed for the study; 22 as the control group (NM) and 20 (WM) with a positive anamnesis of whiplash injury from 3 to 12 month from diagnosis through a force platform. Centre of pressure (CoP) movements of the two groups with their eyes open and closed were recorded. RESULTS During the closed eye test, the subjects with cervical injuries displayed a significant increase in the anterior-posterior oscillation velocity (p < 0.05) compared with the control group, with a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of the ratio between the shifting length (SL) of CoP on the polygon support and the total envelope area (EA, mm(2)) of CoP movements in the polygon support (SL/EA-ratio, mm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Unit, University of Palermo
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Vando S, Filingeri D, Maurino L, Chaabène H, Bianco A, Salernitano G, Foti C, Padulo J. Postural adaptations in preadolescent karate athletes due to a one week karate training cAMP. J Hum Kinet 2013; 38:45-52. [PMID: 24235983 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an increasing number of training hours of specific high-intensity karate training on postural sway in preadolescent karate athletes. Seventy-four karatekas were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: Karate Group (KG=37): age 10.29±1.68 yrs; or Control Group (CG= 37): age 10.06±1.77 yrs. The KG performed two sessions per day for 1 week in total, while the CG performed only 3 sessions during the same period. The center-of-pressure length (COPL) and velocity (COPV) were recorded under four different experimental conditions: open eyes (EO), closed eyes (EC), open eyes monopodalic left (EOL), open eyes monopodalic right (EOR), pre as well as post training intervention. Post-camp results indicated significant differences between the groups in the COPL p<0.001; an interaction of training type×time in the COPV (p<0.001) and an interaction of training type×time (p=0.020). The KG revealed an improvement in the COPL from pre to post-camp under conditions of EO [−37.26% (p<0.001)], EC [−31.72% (p<0.001)], EOL [−27.27% (p<0.001)], EOR [−21.44% (p<0.001)], while CG revealed small adaptations in conditions of EO (3.16%), EC (0.93%), EOL (−3.03%), EOR (−0.97%). Furthermore, in the KG an improvement in the COPV from pre to post-camp was observed in conditions of EO [−37.92% (p<0.001)], EC [−32.52% (p<0.001)], EOL [−29.11% (p<0.001)], EOR [−21.49% (p<0.001)]. In summary, one-week of high intensity karate training induced a significant improvement in static body balance in preadolescent karate athletes. Karate performance requires high-levels of both static and dynamic balance. Further research dealing with the effect of karate practice on dynamic body balance in young athletes is required.
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Cimolin V, Galli M, Rigoldi C, Grugni G, Vismara L, de Souza SAF, Mainardi L, Albertini G, Capodaglio P. The fractal dimension approach in posture: a comparison between Down and Prader-Willi syndrome patients. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 17:1535-41. [PMID: 23360287 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2012.753068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of new dynamic system analysis was investigated to compare postural control in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Down syndrome (DS) patients. Time-domain, frequency-domain parameters and fractal dimension (FD) of centre of pressure (CoP) were computed in maintaining normal standing on a force platform in 20 DS and 13 PWS patients, compared to 26 obese (obese control group, OCG) and 20 healthy individuals (healthy control group, HCG). DS and PWS showed greater displacements along both directions and longer sway path (SP) parameter than HCG and OCG, with statistical differences between PWS and DS for anteroposterior displacement and SP. DS used higher frequency strategy when compared to PWS, OCG and HCG. Both DS and PWS were characterised by greater values of FD than OCG and HCG, with higher values in DS. The analyses in frequency domain and of the dynamic nature of CoP suggest that DS patients are characterised by a more complex and irregular signal than PWS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cimolin
- a Dipartimento di Elettronica , Informazione e Bioingegneria , Politecnico di Milano , Italy
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Abstract
This study aimed to examine the gender differences in postural stability among 8–12 year-old children. Twenty-six children participated in this repeated measures study to measure the centre of pressure (COP) under one normal condition (CONTROL: hard surface, eyes open, and looking straight ahead) and two challenging sensory conditions (ECHB: eyes closed and head back; and EOCS: eyes open and compliant surface) in randomized order. Girls had significantly lower COP path velocity (COP-PV, p < 0.05, medium effect), smaller radial displacement (COP-RD, p < 0.05, medium effect), and lower area velocity (COP-AV, p < 0.05, medium effect) as compared to boys when the three conditions were pooled. Gender differences were found in the percentage changes in COP-RD during ECHB (p < 0.05, large effect) and EOCS (p < 0.05, medium effect), and in COP-AV during both ECHB and EOCS conditions (p < 0.05, medium effect). Postural stability performance of girls had higher correlations with age (−0.62 vs. −0.40), body mass (−0.60 vs. −0.42), foot length (−0.68 vs. −0.45), and physical activity level (−0.45 vs. 0.02), as compared to boys. Girls had better postural stability than boys but were more affected by altered sensory input information. Girls are more capable of integrating their sensory inputs, whereas boys treat each sensory input somewhat separately and rely more on somatosensory feedback. Exercises such as standing on unstable surfaces with eyes open instead of eye closed and head back are more beneficial to children’s postural stability control system.
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Wright AD, Laing AC. The influence of novel compliant floors on balance control in elderly women--A biomechanical study. Accid Anal Prev 2011; 43:1480-7. [PMID: 21545881 PMCID: PMC3471987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Novel compliant floors aim to decrease the risk for fall-related injury by providing substantial force attenuation during the impact phase of falls. Certain models of compliant flooring have been shown to have limited influence on postural sway and successful completion of dynamic balance tasks. However, the effects of these products on balance recovery mechanisms following an externally induced perturbation have yet to be quantified. We used a floor translation paradigm to induce a balance perturbation to thirteen elderly community-dwelling women. Outcome measures included the displacement rates and margins of safety for both the underfoot centre-of-pressure and whole-body centre-of-mass across two novel compliant floors (SmartCell, SofTile), two basic foam surfaces (Firm-Foam, Soft-Foam) and a standard 'Rigid' floor as a control condition. The centre-of-mass and centre-of-pressure margins of safety, and all centre-of-mass displacement rates, were not significantly lower for the two novel compliant flooring systems compared to the control floor. The centre-of-pressure displacement rates were similar to the control floor for the SmartCell floor condition. The majority of the margin of safety and displacement rate variables for the foam floors were significantly lower than the control condition. This study illustrates that the SmartCell and SofTile novel compliant floors have minimal influences on balance and balance control responses following externally induced perturbations in older community-dwelling women, and supports pilot installations of these floors to inform decisions regarding the development of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Wright
- Injury Biomechanics and Aging Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew C. Laing
- Injury Biomechanics and Aging Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Liu T, Inoue Y, Shibata K. A wearable ground reaction force sensor system and its application to the measurement of extrinsic gait variability. Sensors (Basel) 2010; 10:10240-55. [PMID: 22163468 DOI: 10.3390/s101110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sensors for gait analysis are attracting wide interest. In this paper, a wearable ground reaction force (GRF) sensor system and its application to measure extrinsic gait variability are presented. To validate the GRF and centre of pressure (CoP) measurements of the sensor system and examine the effectiveness of the proposed method for gait analysis, we conducted an experimental study on seven volunteer subjects. Based on the assessment of the influence of the sensor system on natural gait, we found that no significant differences were found for almost all measured gait parameters (p-values < 0.05). As for measurement accuracy, the root mean square (RMS) differences for the two transverse components and the vertical component of the GRF were 7.2% ± 0.8% and 9.0% ± 1% of the maximum of each transverse component and 1.5% ± 0.9% of the maximum vertical component of GRF, respectively. The RMS distance between both CoP measurements was 1.4% ± 0.2% of the length of the shoe. The area of CoP distribution on the foot-plate and the average coefficient of variation of the triaxial GRF, are the introduced parameters for analysing extrinsic gait variability. Based on a statistical analysis of the results of the tests with subjects wearing the sensor system, we found that the proposed parameters changed according to walking speed and turning (p-values < 0.05).
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