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Cho K, Song Y, Yeo JM, Park JK, Kim DW, Roh SH, Seong P, Lee WY. Analysis of seasonal effect on Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) birth weight. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:759-765. [PMID: 34447953 PMCID: PMC8367408 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Recently, summer temperatures have frequently been abnormal in Korea owing to
global warming. In summer, a decrease in feed intake rate and biological
activity were observed in Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle), leading to lower
production rates in the industry. However, the precise scale of damage was not
reported as with other animals of economic value. This study was conducted to
investigate the effects of birth season on birth weight in Hanwoo. Data were
collected from 100 local breeding farms from 2016 to 2019. A total of 41,081
Hanwoo calves were classified and analyzed by sex, year, month, and season
(March–May, spring; June–August, summer;
September–November, fall; and December–February, winter) of birth.
The birth weight of Hanwoo calves differed according to birth month. The average
birth weight of male calves was 30.47 kg and that of female calves was 28.16 kg.
Hanwoo birth weight was the highest in March-born calves and the lowest in
July-born calves. The birth weights of calves born in February, March, April,
November, and December were significantly larger than those of calves born in
July. In addition, the birth weight of Hanwoo calves from the summer was
significantly lower than that of calves born in other seasons. Furthermore,
Hanwoo steer slaughter age showed a negative correlation, whereas carcass weight
had a positive correlation with birth weight. In the beef cattle industry, birth
weight is a very important economic characteristic that is related to growth
rate. These data will contribute toward planning the reproduction of Hanwoo and
analysis of changes in characteristics of economic value owing to high
temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghyun Cho
- Department of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agricultures and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Yirim Song
- Department of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agricultures and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Joon-Mo Yeo
- Department of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agricultures and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Department of Swine & Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Swine & Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Roh
- National Agricultural Cooperative Federation Hanwoo Genetic Improvement Center, Seosan 31948, Korea
| | - Pilnam Seong
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agricultures and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
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Liebe DM, White RR. Meta-analysis of endophyte-infected tall fescue effects on cattle growth rates. J Anim Sci 2018. [PMID: 29528410 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantitatively summarize literature reporting endophyte-infected (Neotyphodium coenophialum) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) effects on cattle ADG. This meta-analysis evaluated endophyte infection level, climate, and forage yield using a literature dataset of 138 treatments from 20 articles. Three infection level measurements were tested: endophyte infection as a percentage of infected tillers (E%); ergovaline concentration in ppb ([E]); and total ergot alkaloid concentration ([TEA]). Three types of climate variables were used: base values (temperature, humidity, and relative humidity), climate indices (heat index and temperature-heat index [THI]), and novel climate variables accounting for duration of climate effects. Mixed effect models, weighted by 1/SEM, including a random effect of study were built for each factorial combination of measurement method and climate variable group. Because many studies were missing SEM, two datasets were used: one containing only data with SEM reported and one that also included missing-SEM data. For the complete-SEM dataset (CSD), models were weighted by 1/SEM. In the missing-SEM dataset (MSD) the mean reported 1/SEM was assigned as the weight for all missing SEM treatments. Although 18 initial models were created (2 × 3 × 3 factorial approach), the backward stepwise derivation resulted in models that included only endophyte infection level, suggesting a negative relationship between infection level and ADG. The CSD models predicted ADG to decrease 39 and 33 g/d with each increase of 100 ppb of [TEA] and [E], and by 39 g/d for each increase of 10% E%. In the MSD dataset, predicted ADG decreased by 39 and 33 g/d with each increase of 100 ppb of [TEA] and [E], and by 47 g/d for each increase of 10% E%. All relationships reported had P < 0.05. After visual inspection of the data, piecewise regression was used to identify an infection threshold (IT) of 60 ppb [E] and 11 E%, where the effect of infection level was constant on either side of the IT. The ADG was 40% and 49% greater for infection levels below the IT for [E] and E%, respectively. Across THI values in the analysis, ADG decreases ranged from 11.2% to 45.0% for cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue compared to non-ergot alkaloid endophyte infected tall fescue. Pasture E%, [E], and [TEA] have a negative relationship with ADG in growing cattle, and increasing temperature decreases ADG when infection level is greater than the IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Liebe
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Robin R White
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Beck PA, Stewart CB, Gadberry MS, Haque M, Biermacher J. Effect of mature body weight and stocking rate on cow and calf performance, cow herd efficiency, and economics in the southeastern United States. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:1689-702. [PMID: 27136027 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight 4-ha mixed warm-season grass pastures in southwestern Arkansas (33°40'4″ N, 93°35'24″ W, and elevation 107 m) were stocked with either large mature size (571 kg [SD 55.2] BW) or small mature size (463 kg [SD 58.2] BW) spring-calving cows at 4 stocking rates (SR; 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5 cow-calf pairs/ha) over 4 yr to test the effects of SR and mature body size on cow and calf performance and system economics. Each pasture received 112 kg/ha N as ammonium nitrate in May and was broadcast seeded to annual ryegrass ( Lam.) in mid October each fall along with 112 kg/ha N as ammonium nitrate. Data were analyzed by regression to determine the effects of cow size and SR on calf performance, cow BW change, calf gain, weaning weight per hectare, hay feeding requirements, and net returns. As SR increased, cow BW and BCS at weaning decreased ( < 0.01) by 26 kg and 0.36 condition scores, respectively, for each additional cow stocked per hectare ( = 0.44). Calf BW at weaning in October increased ( < 0.01) 19 kg for each 100-kg increase in cow BW but was not affected ( = 0.66) by SR. As cow BW increased, calf BW at weaning per 100 kg cow BW decreased ( < 0.01) 6.7 kg for each 100-kg increase in cow BW but was not affected ( = 0.44) by SR. Neither cow BW nor SR affected ( ≥ 0.53) pregnancy percentage, which averaged 88% over the 4-yr experiment. Calf BW weaned per hectare was not affected ( = 0.75) by cow BW but linearly increased ( < 0.01) by 217 kg for each additional cow per hectare SR. Hay feeding days and cost of hay per cow increased ( ≤ 0.05) and kilograms of hay offered per cow tended ( = 0.09) to linearly increase with increasing SR, yet cow BW had no effects ( > 0.22). Although there were no effects ( ≥ 0.38) of cow BW on carrying cost or net returns, increasing SR decreased ( < 0.01) total expenses by US$102/cow and increased net returns by $70/cow and $438/ha for each cow per hectare increase in SR. These data indicate that increasing cow size can increase weaning BW of calves but does not affect total production per hectare or profitability, even though weaning weight efficiency ratios were reduced. Increasing SR reduced cow BW and BCS at weaning and increased feeding of conserved forages but did not affect pregnancy rates and led to increases in total calf BW weaned per hectare and net returns.
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Bradford HL, Fragomeni BO, Bertrand JK, Lourenco DAL, Misztal I. Regional and seasonal analyses of weights in growing Angus cattle1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4369-4375. [PMID: 27898859 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wilson TB, Schroeder AR, Ireland FA, Faulkner DB, Shike DW. Effects of late gestation distillers grains supplementation on fall-calving beef cow performance and steer calf growth and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4843-51. [PMID: 26523577 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fall-calving, mature Angus and Simmental × Angus cows ( = 251 total) and their progeny were used to evaluate the effects of late gestation dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) supplementation on cow performance and progeny growth and carcass characteristics. Cows were blocked by breed and allotted to 12 tall fescue pastures (6.8 ha average). Pastures were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: cows were offered 2.1 kg DM DDGS·cow·d (SUP; CP = 23%, fat = 7%; = 6 pastures) or were not offered a supplement (CON; = 6 pastures) 69 ± 9 d before expected calving date. Cows remained on treatments until calving. Once weekly, cows that had calved were removed from treatment pastures and were moved to new tall fescue pastures (21.6 ha average) where cows from both treatments were comingled without further supplementation. Cows ( = 74) were removed from study for calving more than 30 d after expected calving date, calf loss and injury, or euthanasia. Cow BW and BCS were recorded at the beginning of the supplementation period, after calving, and at breeding. Calf BW was taken at birth and early weaning (82 ± 14 d of age). After weaning, 71 steer progeny (representative of dam breed and treatment pastures) were transitioned to a common feedlot diet with individual feed intake monitored using the GrowSafe feeding system. Steers were slaughtered at 47 ± 4 d after a minimum 12th rib fat thickness (back fat) estimation of 0.6 cm, with cattle being shipped in 3 groups. Forage availability was not different between treatments ( = 0.69). Cows offered SUP gained more BW and BCS ( ≤ 0.02) during the supplementation period. There were no differences ( ≥ 0.12) in calving date, calf birth or weaning BW, or preweaning ADG. Cow BW at breeding was not different ( = 0.19); however, BCS at breeding was greater ( < 0.01) for cows offered supplement. No differences ( ≥ 0.11) in milk production, AI conception, or overall pregnancy rate were detected. For steer progeny, initial feedlot BW, final BW, and days on feed were not different ( ≥ 0.35); no difference ( = 0.77) in feedlot ADG was detected. Feedlot DMI and G:F were not different ( ≥ 0.52) across treatments. No differences ( = 0.62) in morbidity were observed in the feedlot. No differences ( ≥ 0.19) were detected for HCW, LM area, marbling score, or yield grade. Prepartum DDGS supplementation improved cow BW and BCS but did not alter milk production, subsequent reproduction, or subsequent calf performance or carcass characteristics.
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Cain AJ, Lemley CO, Walters FK, Christiansen DL, King EH, Hopper RM. Pre-breeding beef heifer management and season affect mid to late gestation uterine artery hemodynamics. Theriogenology 2016; 87:9-15. [PMID: 27577985 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of beef heifer development practices and the influence of season on uterine artery hemodynamics during mid to late gestation. Metrics of uterine artery blood flow (BF) of fall calving and spring calving crossbred beef heifers (n = 27) developed on either a low-input (LOW|FALL n = 6; LOW|SPRING n = 6) or a conventional (CON|FALL n = 9; CON|SPRING n = 6) heifer development scheme were evaluated. Heifer body weight (BW) was measured every 30 days, and uterine BF, arterial diameter (AD), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index were measured for uterine arteries ipsilateral and contralateral to the conceptus on days 180, 210, and 240 of gestation. Calf birth weight was assessed at parturition. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed. There were significant treatment × season (P = 0.0001) and season × day (P = 0.003) interactions on heifer BW. Main effects of season (P = 0.04) and gestational day (P = 0.0001) were observed on contralateral BF, and there was a season × day interaction (P = 0.03) on ipsilateral BF. As such, there was a season × day interaction on total blood flow (TBF; P = 0.05), whereby TBF increased as gestation progressed and spring calving heifers displayed increased TBF. However, when adjusted for BW, an additional main effect of treatment was observed (P = 0.0007) in which LOW heifers had increased TBF compared with CON heifers. Correspondingly, LOW heifers displayed increased AD compared with CON heifers, and spring calving heifers had greater AD than fall calving females. There was also a main effect of season on calf birth weight (P = 0.02). It was concluded that developing replacement heifers with low-input management schemes does not yield compromised uteroplacental hemodynamics compared with traditionally developed females when nutrition during gestation is adequate. Furthermore, spring calving 2-year-old heifers have increased uteroplacental BF compared with their fall calving counterparts. Our results imply that producers who seek to decrease development costs by feeding replacements to lighter target breeding weights may do so without compromising mid to late gestation uterine BF when heifers are not nutrient restricted during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Cain
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - F Kevin Walters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - David L Christiansen
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - E Heath King
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Richard M Hopper
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
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Effects of year-round stocking rate and stocking method systems on performance of cow-calf pairs in the gulf coast region of the United States1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effects of year-round stocking rates and stocking methods on performance of cow-calf pairs grazing dallisgrass-common bermudagrass pastures overseeded with annual ryegrass1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Longevity Attributes of Bos indicus × Bos taurus Crossbred Cows11Published with approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station as Journal Article 03-07-028. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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