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Singh S, Koli P, Kushwaha BP, Anele UY, Bhattacharya S, Ren Y. Agroecological Zone-Specific Diet Optimization for Water Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) through Nutritional and In Vitro Fermentation Studies. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:143. [PMID: 38200874 PMCID: PMC10778065 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The water buffalo faces challenges in optimizing nutrition due to varying local feed resources. In response to this challenge, the current study introduces originality by addressing the lack of region-specific feeding strategies for water buffaloes. This is achieved through the formulation of 30 different diets based on locally available resources, offering a tailored approach to enhance nutritional optimization in diverse agroecological contexts. These diets were segmented into three groups of ten, each catering to the maintenance (MD1 to MD10), growth (GD1 to GD10), and lactation/production (PD1 to PD10) needs of buffaloes. Utilizing local feed ingredients, each diet was assessed for its chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane emissions, and dry matter (DM) disappearance using buffalo rumen liquor. The production diets (127 and 32.2 g/kg DM) had more protein and fats than the maintenance diets (82.0 and 21.0 g/kg DM). There was less (p < 0.05) fiber in the production diets compared to the maintenance ones. Different protein components (PB1, PB2) were lower (p < 0.05) in the maintenance diets compared to the growth and production ones, but other protein fractions (PB3, Pc) were higher (p < 0.05) in the maintenance diet. Furthermore, the growth diets had the highest amount of other protein components (PA), while the maintenance diets had the highest amount of soluble carbohydrates (586 g/kg DM), whereas the carbohydrate fraction (CB1) was highest (p < 0.05) in the production diets (187 g/kg DM), followed by the growth (129 g/kg DM) and maintenance diets (96.1 g/kg DM). On the contrary, the carbohydrate CA fraction was (p < 0.05) higher in the maintenance diets (107 g/kg DM) than in the growth (70.4 g/kg DM) and production diets (44.7 g/kg DM). The in vitro gas production over time (12, 24, and 48 h) was roughly the same for all the diets. Interestingly, certain components (ether extract, lignin, NDIN, ADIN, and PB3 and CC) of the diets seemed to reduce methane production, while others (OM, NPN, SP, PA and PB1, tCHO and CB2) increased it. In simple words, this study reveals that different diets affect gas production during digestion, signifying a significant step towards a promising future for buffalo farming through tailored, region-specific formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India;
| | - Pushpendra Koli
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India;
- College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - B. P. Kushwaha
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125 001, India;
| | - Uchenna Y. Anele
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Sumana Bhattacharya
- Natcom Management Cell, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi 110 003, India;
| | - Yonglin Ren
- College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Katsumata S, Angthong W, Narmsilee R, Oishi K, Hirooka H, Kumagai H. Effects of feeding mother liquor, by-product of monosodium glutamate, on digestibility, energy and nitrogen balances, and rumen condition in Thai native bulls. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13421. [PMID: 32671925 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Four Thai native bulls were used to evaluate the availability of mother liquor (ML), by-product of monosodium glutamate, as a replacement of soybean meal (SBM) consisting of 10% in concentrate. The SBM was replaced by the ML at 0% (C), 20% (T1), 40% (T2), and 60% (T3), and the experiment was a randomized block design experiment. The animals were fed concentrate and roughage (60:40, on a dry matter [DM] basis). There were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, crude protein, ether extract, acid detergent fiber expressed exclusive of residual ash and non-fibrous carbohydrate, and energy and nitrogen balances among the treatments. However, the digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber in T2 was lower than the other treatments (p < .05). The valeric acid of T2 was lower than those of C and T1 and the iso-valeric acid of T3 was the lowest (p < .05), followed by those of T2, T1, and C at 4 hr post-feeding. No significant differences were observed in the ruminal total VFA concentrations, pH, and NH3 -N among the treatments. These results suggested that SBM could be replaced by the ML up to 60% without adverse effects on nitrogen and energy balance, rumen conditions, and blood metabolites in Thai native bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Katsumata
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wannna Angthong
- Ruminants Feeding Standard Research and Development Center, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kean, Thailand
| | - Ramphrai Narmsilee
- Ruminants Feeding Standard Research and Development Center, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kean, Thailand
| | - Kazato Oishi
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirooka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wetlesen MS, Åby BA, Vangen O, Aass L. Suckler cow efficiency – breed by environment interactions in commercial herds under various natural production conditions. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1717592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Wetlesen
- Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - B. A. Åby
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - O. Vangen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - L. Aass
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Du W, Hou F, Tsunekawa A, Kobayashi N, Ichinohe T, Peng F. Effects of the Diet Inclusion of Common Vetch Hay Versus Alfalfa Hay on the Body Weight Gain, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency, Energy Balance, and Enteric Methane Emissions of Crossbred Simmental Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E983. [PMID: 31752083 PMCID: PMC6912412 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A low nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE, the ratio of retained N to N intake) and high methane (CH4) emissions of ruminants can lead to potentially high diet protein wastage and directly contribute to global warming. Diet manipulation is the most effective way to improve NUE or reduce CH4 emissions. This study investigated how replacing oat hay with alfalfa hay (AH) or common vetch hay (CVH) with different proportions (20% (20) and 40% (40) of the total dry matter (DM) allowance) affects the body weight gain (BWG), NUE, and CH4 emissions of crossbred Simmental cattle. The forage dry matter intake (DMI) and the total DMI of cattle fed on a CVH40 diet were significantly higher than the values for those fed on AH20 or AH40 diets (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the BWG for the four treatments observed, however, nutrient digestibility significantly decreased in the AH40 diet as compared with the AH20 diet (p < 0.05). The NUE was significantly lower in AH40 than in CVH20. The CH4 emissions were significantly lower for the CVH40 diet than with the AH20 diet (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that a 20% AH and 40% CVH substitution for oat hay are the optimal proportions to maintain the BWG, NUE, nutrient digestibility, and reduce the CH4 emissions of crossbred Simmental cattle. Overall, CVH has a greater potential to reduce CH4 emissions than AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Du
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Atsushi Tsunekawa
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
| | | | - Toshiyoshi Ichinohe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan;
| | - Fei Peng
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Hristov AN, Bannink A, Crompton LA, Huhtanen P, Kreuzer M, McGee M, Nozière P, Reynolds CK, Bayat AR, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Dijkstra J, Kebreab E, Schwarm A, Shingfield KJ, Yu Z. Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5811-5852. [PMID: 31030912 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a component of essential nutrients critical for the productivity of ruminants. If excreted in excess, N is also an important environmental pollutant contributing to acid deposition, eutrophication, human respiratory problems, and climate change. The complex microbial metabolic activity in the rumen and the effect on subsequent processes in the intestines and body tissues make the study of N metabolism in ruminants challenging compared with nonruminants. Therefore, using accurate and precise measurement techniques is imperative for obtaining reliable experimental results on N utilization by ruminants and evaluating the environmental impacts of N emission mitigation techniques. Changeover design experiments are as suitable as continuous ones for studying protein metabolism in ruminant animals, except when changes in body weight or carryover effects due to treatment are expected. Adaptation following a dietary change should be allowed for at least 2 (preferably 3) wk, and extended adaptation periods may be required if body pools can temporarily supply the nutrients studied. Dietary protein degradability in the rumen and intestines are feed characteristics determining the primary AA available to the host animal. They can be estimated using in situ, in vitro, or in vivo techniques with each having inherent advantages and disadvantages. Accurate, precise, and inexpensive laboratory assays for feed protein availability are still needed. Techniques used for direct determination of rumen microbial protein synthesis are laborious and expensive, and data variability can be unacceptably large; indirect approaches have not shown the level of accuracy required for widespread adoption. Techniques for studying postruminal digestion and absorption of nitrogenous compounds, urea recycling, and mammary AA metabolism are also laborious, expensive (especially the methods that use isotopes), and results can be variable, especially the methods based on measurements of digesta or blood flow. Volatile loss of N from feces and particularly urine can be substantial during collection, processing, and analysis of excreta, compromising the accuracy of measurements of total-tract N digestion and body N balance. In studying ruminant N metabolism, nutritionists should consider the longer term fate of manure N as well. Various techniques used to determine the effects of animal nutrition on total N, ammonia- or nitrous oxide-emitting potentials, as well as plant fertilizer value, of manure are available. Overall, methods to study ruminant N metabolism have been developed over 150 yr of animal nutrition research, but many of them are laborious and impractical for application on a large number of animals. The increasing environmental concerns associated with livestock production systems necessitate more accurate and reliable methods to determine manure N emissions in the context of feed composition and ruminant N metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L A Crompton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for Dairy Research, University of Reading, PO Box 237 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - P Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M McGee
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland C15 PW93
| | - P Nozière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C K Reynolds
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for Dairy Research, University of Reading, PO Box 237 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - A R Bayat
- Milk Production Solutions, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - D R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - A Schwarm
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K J Shingfield
- Milk Production Solutions, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI 31600 Jokioinen, Finland; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Z Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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6
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Evaluation of production efficiencies among primiparous suckler cows of diverse genetic index at pasture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040470017001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Chen L, Ren A, Zhou C, Tan Z. Effects ofLactobacillus acidophilussupplementation for improvingin vitrorumen fermentation characteristics of cereal straws. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1262753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ao Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
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8
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Løvendahl P, Sehested J. Short communication: Individual cow variation in urinary excretion of phosphorus. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4580-4585. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Ramírez-Restrepo CA, Clark H, Muetzel S. Methane emissions from young and mature dairy cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Daily methane (CH4) emissions (g) and CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) were measured from 10 dairy heifers (<1 year old) and nine rumen-fistulated cows (>6 years old) fed ryegrass (Lolium perenne) chaffage indoors. The CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique in four ~5-day periods beginning in June 2008 and repeated 4, 6 and 7 months later. Respiratory chambers were used in four ~13-day periods beginning in November 2008 and repeated 2, 5 and 6 months later. Third and fourth sulfur hexafluoride tracer periods overlapped with the first and second chamber measurement periods, respectively. Averaged over the four measurement periods the CH4 yields determined using both techniques were similar for heifers and cows. The mean CH4 yield estimated by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique was 25.3 ± 0.52 for heifers and 24.1 ± 0.55 for mature cows, whereas the mean CH4 yield measured in respiratory chambers was 23.7 ± 0.66 for heifers and 23.6 ± 0.66 for mature cows. Averaged over the eight measurements irrespective of technique, CH4 yields for heifers (24.5 ± 0.42) and cows (23.8 ± 0.43) were similar. There was also no difference between CH4 methods for assessing CH4 yield during the overlapping measurement periods. It was concluded that no consistent differences in CH4 yield existed between heifers and mature cows. Therefore, we do not recommend adoption of an age-related emission factor for cattle in the national inventory calculations for New Zealand.
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Lin Z, Liao W, Yang Y, Gao Z, Ma W, Wang D, Cao Y, Li J, Cai Z. CH4 and N2O emissions from China's beef feedlots with ad libitum and restricted feeding in fall and spring seasons. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:391-400. [PMID: 25769128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurately quantifying methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from beef operations in China is necessary to evaluate the contribution of beef cattle to greenhouse gas budgets at the national and global level. Methane and N2O emissions from two intensive beef feedlots in the North China Plain, one with a restricted feeding strategy and high manure collection frequency and the other with an ad libitum feeding strategy and low manure collection frequency, were quantified in the fall and spring seasons using an inverse dispersion technique. The diel pattern of CH4 from the beef feedlot with an ad libitum feed strategy (single peak during a day) differed from that under a restricted feeding condition (multiple peaks during a day), but little difference in the diel pattern of N2O emissions between two feeding strategies was observed. The two-season average CH4 emission rates of the two intensive feedlots were 230 and 198gCH4animal(-1)d(-1) and accounted for 6.7% and 6.8% of the gross energy intake, respectively, indicating little impact of the feeding strategy and manure collection frequency on the CH4 conversion factor at the feedlot level. However, the average N2O emission rates (21.2g N2Oanimal(-1)d(-1)) and conversion factor (8.5%) of the feedlot with low manure collection frequency were approximately 131% and 174% greater, respectively, than the feedlot under high frequency conditions, which had a N2O emission rate and conversion factor of 9.2g N2Oanimal(-1)d(-1) and 3.1%, respectively, indicating that increasing manure collection frequency played an important role in reducing N2O emissions from beef feedlots. In addition, comparison indicated that China's beef and dairy cattle in feedlots appeared to have similar CH4 conversion factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Zhiling Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China.
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Dianwu Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Zhenjiang Cai
- Mechanical and Electric Engineering College, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
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Nellore cows and their calves during the lactation period: performance, intake, milk composition, and total apparent digestibility. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:735-41. [PMID: 25716217 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate intake and nutrient digestibility, performance, milk composition, and microbial efficiency of Nellore cows and their calves during lactation. Fifteen Nellore cows were fed corn silage and concentrate (85:15). After calving, calves were kept with their dams for 2 months then separated and housed in individual pens adjacent to their dams. Cows were milked every 15 days over 7 months to estimate milk intake of the calves. During lactation, nutrient intake decreased (P < 0.01) for cows, while nutrient digestibility increased (P < 0.001). Starting 2 months post-calving, calves were offered concentrate (5 g/kg body weight (BW)) and roughage. An increase in DM digestibility was observed for calves in the third month of age, probably due to an associative effect between milk, concentrate, and roughage, which increased DM digestibility without increasing DM intake. Average daily gain (ADG) of the calves increased (P < 0.001) during lactation period. Microbial efficiency (g mCP/kg total digestible nutrients (TDN)) did not change (P > 0.05) in either cows or their calves during lactation period. However, nutrient digestibility decreased for calves during this period. Nellore cows produced milk with average of 4.58 % lactose, 5.61 % fat, and with milk protein increasing from 3.6 to 4.0 % as lactation progressed.
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12
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Gao Z, Lin Z, Yang Y, Ma W, Liao W, Li J, Cao Y, Roelcke M. Greenhouse gas emissions from the enteric fermentation and manure storage of dairy and beef cattle in China during 1961-2010. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 135:111-9. [PMID: 25262083 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the expanding dairy and beef population in China and their contribution to global CH4 and N2O budgets, a framework considering changes in feed, manure management and herd structure was established to indicate the trends of CH4 and N2O emissions from the enteric formation and manure storage in China׳s beef and dairy production and the underlying driving forces during the period 1961-2010. From 1961 to 2010, annual CH4 and N2O emissions from beef cattle in China increased from 2.18Mt to 5.86Mt and from 7.93kt-29.56kt, respectively, while those from dairy cattle increased from 0.023 to 1.09Mt and 0.12 to 7.90kt, respectively. These increases were attributed to the combined changes in cattle population and management practices in feeds and manure storage. Improvement in cattle genetics during the period increased the bodyweight, required dry matter intake and gross energy and thus resulted in increased enteric CH4 EFs for each category of beef and dairy cattle as well as the overall enteric EFs (i.e., Tier 1 in IPCC). However, for beef cattle, such an impact on the overall enteric EFs was largely offset by the herd structure transition from draft animal-oriented to meat animal-oriented during 1961-2010. Although the CO2-eq of CH4 and N2O from manure storage was less than the enteric emissions during 1961-2010 in China, it tended to increase both in beef and dairy cattle, which was mainly driven by the changes in manure management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Marco Roelcke
- Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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13
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Ricci P, Rooke JA, Nevison I, Waterhouse A. Methane emissions from beef and dairy cattle: quantifying the effect of physiological stage and diet characteristics. J Anim Sci 2014; 91:5379-89. [PMID: 24174549 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prediction of methane outputs from ruminant livestock data at farm, national, and global scales is a vital part of greenhouse gas calculations. The objectives of this work were to quantify the effect of physiological stage (lactating or nonlactating) on predicting methane (CH4) outputs and to illustrate the potential improvement for a beef farming system of using more specific mathematical models to predict CH4 from cattle at different physiological stages and fed different diet types. A meta-analysis was performed on 211 treatment means from 38 studies where CH4, intake, animal, and feed characteristics had been recorded. Additional information such as type of enterprise, diet type, physiological stage, CH4 measurement technique, intake restriction, and CH4 reduction treatment application from these studies were used as classificatory factors. A series of equations for different physiological stages and diet types based on DMI or GE intake explained 96% of the variation in observed CH4 outputs (P<0.001). Resulting models were validated with an independent dataset of 172 treatment means from 20 studies. To illustrate the scale of improvement on predicted CH4 outputs from the current whole-farm prediction approach (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC]), equations developed in the present study (NewEqs) were compared with the IPCC equation {CH4 (g/d)=[(GEI×Ym)×1,000]/55.65}, in which GEI is GE intake and Ym is the CH4 emission factor, in calculating CH4 outputs from 4 diverse beef systems. Observed BW and BW change data from cows with calves at side grazing either hill or lowland grassland, cows and overwintering calves and finishing steers fed contrasting diets were used to predict energy requirements, intake, and CH4 outputs. Compared with using this IPCC equation, NewEqs predicted up to 26% lower CH4 on average from individual lactating grazing cows. At the herd level, differences between equation estimates from 10 to 17% were observed in total annual accumulated CH4 when applied to the 4 diverse beef production systems. Overall, despite the small number of animals used it was demonstrated that there is a biological impact of using more specific CH4 prediction equations. Based on this approach, farm and national carbon budgets will be more accurate, contributing to reduced uncertainty in assessing mitigation options at farm and national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ricci
- Future Farming Systems Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
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Ricci P, Umstätter C, Holland JP, Waterhouse A. Does diverse grazing behavior of suckler cows have an impact on predicted methane emissions?1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1239-49. [PMID: 24665106 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ricci
- Future Farming Systems Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - C. Umstätter
- Future Farming Systems Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - J. P. Holland
- Future Farming Systems Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - A. Waterhouse
- Future Farming Systems Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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Thangarajan R, Bolan NS, Tian G, Naidu R, Kunhikrishnan A. Role of organic amendment application on greenhouse gas emission from soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 465:72-96. [PMID: 23433468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, substantial quantities of organic amendments (OAs) such as plant residues (3.8×10(9) Mg/yr), biosolids (10×10(7) Mg/yr), and animal manures (7×10(9) Mg/yr) are produced. Recycling these OAs in agriculture possesses several advantages such as improving plant growth, yield, soil carbon content, and microbial biomass and activity. Nevertheless, OA applications hold some disadvantages such as nutrient eutrophication and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Agriculture sector plays a vital role in GHG emission (carbon dioxide- CO2, methane- CH4, and nitrous oxide- N2O). Though CH4 and N2O are emitted in less quantity than CO2, they are 21 and 310 times more powerful in global warming potential, respectively. Although there have been reviews on the role of mineral fertilizer application on GHG emission, there has been no comprehensive review on the effect of OA application on GHG emission in agricultural soils. The review starts with the quantification of various OAs used in agriculture that include manures, biosolids, and crop residues along with their role in improving soil health. Then, it discusses four major OA induced-GHG emission processes (i.e., priming effect, methanogenesis, nitrification, and denitrification) by highlighting the impact of OA application on GHG emission from soil. For example, globally 10×10(7) Mg biosolids are produced annually which can result in the potential emission of 530 Gg of CH4 and 60 Gg of N2O. The article then aims to highlight the soil, climatic, and OA factors affecting OA induced-GHG emission and the management practices to mitigate the emission. This review emphasizes the future research needs in relation to nitrogen and carbon dynamics in soil to broaden the use of OAs in agriculture to maintain soil health with minimum impact on GHG emission from agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Thangarajan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
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Cao Z, Gong Y, Liao X, Liang J, Yu B, Wu Y. Effect of dietary fiber on methane production in Chinese Lantang gilts. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Sheppard SC, Bittman S. Farm practices as they affect NH3 emissions from beef cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sheppard, S. C. and Bittman, S. 2012. Farm practices as they affect NH 3 emissions from beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 525–543. Beef cattle farms in Canada are very diverse, both in size and management. Because the total biomass of beef cattle in Canada is larger than any other livestock sector, beef also has the potential for the largest environmental impact. In this study we estimate NH3 emissions associated with beef cattle production across Canada using data on farm practices obtained from a detailed survey answered by 1380 beef farmers in 11 Ecoregions. The farms were various combinations of cow/calf, backgrounding and finishing operations. The proportion of animals on pasture varied markedly among Ecoregions, especially for cows and calves, and this markedly affected the estimated NH3 emissions. The crop components of feed also varied among Ecoregions, but the resulting crude protein concentrations were quite consistent for both backgrounding and finishing cattle. Manure was stored longer in the west than in the east, and fall spreading of manure was notably more common in the west, especially when spread on tilled land. The estimated NH3 emissions per animal were relatively consistent across Ecoregions for confinement production, but because the proportion of animals on pasture varied with Ecoregion, so did the overall estimated NH3 emissions per animal. Temperature is a key factor causing Ecoregion differences, although husbandry and manure management practices are also important. Hypothetical best management practices had little ability to reduce overall emission estimates, and could not be implemented without detailed cost/benefit analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Bittman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
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Singh S, Kushwaha B, Nag S, Mishra A, Singh A, Anele U. In vitro ruminal fermentation, protein and carbohydrate fractionation, methane production and prediction of twelve commonly used Indian green forages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Farm survey used to guide estimates of nitrogen intake and ammonia emissions for beef cattle, including early season grazing and piosphere effects. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hariadi BT, Santoso B. Evaluation of tropical plants containing tannin on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation parameters using rumen fluid. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:456-461. [PMID: 20355068 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methane (CH(4)) produced during ruminal fermentation represents a loss of 10-11% of gross energy intake. The use of browse species containing tannin as feed supplement for ruminants tends to increase in order to reduce CH(4) production. The present study was conducted to evaluate some tropical plants containing tannin as feed supplement (200 g kg(-1)) on in vitro CH(4) production and fermentation parameters. RESULTS The crude protein (CP) content ranged from 87 to 390 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM) and was highest in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentration was highest in Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (725 g kg(-1) DM) and lowest in S. grandiflora (330 g kg(-1) DM). The ranking order of plants based on their total tannin content was Acacia mangium Willd. > Biophytum petersianum Klotzch > Jatropa curcas Linnaeus > Psidium guajava Linnaeus > Phaleria papuana > Persea americana Mill. > S. grandiflora. Methane gas production after 48 h of incubation was significantly (P < 0.05) lower with inclusion of A. mangium (PP + AM), B. petersianum (PP + BP), J. curcas (PP + JC) or P. guajava (PP + PG) as compared to control feed (PP). There was negative correlation between total tannin content and CH(4) production at 48 h of incubation (r = - 0.76). Concentration NH(3)-N was significantly (P < 0.01) higher with inclusion of S. glandiflora. Inclusion of P. guajava significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed protozoa population by 49.7% relative to control feed (PP). CONCLUSION It was concluded that A. mangium, B. petersianum, J. curcas and P. guajava have potential to be used as a feed supplement to reduce CH(4) production in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bambang Tjahyono Hariadi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Fishery and Marine Science, State University of Papua, Manokwari 98314, Papua Barat, Indonesia
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Brokman AM, Lehmkuhler JW, Undersander DJ. Reducing phosphorus inputs for grazing Holstein steers1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:712-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pareek N, Voigt J, Bellmann O, Schneider F, Hammon H. Energy and nitrogen metabolism and insulin response to glucose challenge in lactating German Holstein and Charolais heifers. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and rats. J Anim Sci 2007; 83:879-89. [PMID: 15753344 DOI: 10.2527/2005.834879x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential for using blood urea N concentration to predict urinary N excretion rate, and to develop a mathematical model to estimate important variables of N utilization for several different species of farm animals and for rats. Treatment means (n = 251) from 41 research publications were used to develop mathematical relationships. There was a strong linear relationship between blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) and rate of N excretion (g x d(-1) x kg BW(-1)) for all animal species investigated. The N clearance rate of the kidney (L of blood cleared of urea x d(-1) x kg BW(-1)) was greater for pigs and rats than for herbivores (cattle, sheep, goats, horses). A model was developed to estimate parameters of N utilization. Driving variables for the model included blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL), BW (kg), milk production rate (kg/d), and ADG (kg/d), and response variables included urinary N excretion rate (g/d), fecal N excretion rate (g/d), rate of N intake (g/d), and N utilization efficiency (N in milk and gain per unit of N intake). Prediction errors varied widely depending on the variable and species of animal, with most of the variation attributed to study differences. Blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be used to predict relative differences in urinary N excretion rate (g/d) for animals of a similar type and stage of production within a study, but is less reliable across animal types or studies. Blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be further integrated with estimates of N digestibility (g/g) and N retention (g/d) to predict fecal N (g/d), N intake (g/d), and N utilization efficiency (grams of N in milk and meat per gram of N intake). Target values of blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be backcalculated from required dietary N (g/d) and expected protein digestibility. Blood urea N can be used in various animal species to quantify N utilization and excretion rates.
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