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Li H, Wang H, Cui L, Liu K, Guo L, Li J, Dong J. The effect of selenium on the proliferation of bovine endometrial epithelial cells in a lipopolysaccharide-induced damage model. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:109. [PMID: 38500165 PMCID: PMC10946195 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometritis is a common bovine postpartum disease. Rapid endometrial repair is beneficial for forming natural defense barriers and lets cows enter the next breeding cycle as soon as possible. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element closely related to growth and development in animals. This study aims to observe the effect of Se on the proliferation of bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanism. RESULTS In this study, we developed a BEECs damage model using LPS. Flow cytometry, cell scratch test and EdU proliferation assay were used to evaluate the cell cycle, migration and proliferation. The mRNA transcriptions of growth factors were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results showed that the cell viability and BCL-2/BAX protein ratio were significantly decreased, and the cell apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the LPS group. Compared with the LPS group, Se promoted cell cycle progression, increased cell migration and proliferation, and significantly increased the gene expressions of TGFB1, TGFB3 and VEGFA. Se decreased the BCL-2/BAX protein ratio, promoted β-catenin translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and activated the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways inhibited by LPS. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Se can attenuate LPS-induced damage to BEECs and promote cell proliferation and migration in vitro by enhancing growth factors gene expression and activating the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Luying Cui
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kangjun Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Long Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Junsheng Dong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Maternal metabolizable protein restriction during gestation affects the vascular function of maternal and fetal placental arteries in sheep. Theriogenology 2022; 185:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Lautz L, Dorne J, Oldenkamp R, Hendriks A, Ragas A. Generic physiologically based kinetic modelling for farm animals: Part I. Data collection of physiological parameters in swine, cattle and sheep. Toxicol Lett 2020; 319:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Trotta RJ, Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Vonnahme KA, Swanson KC. Effects of Nutrient Restriction During Midgestation to Late Gestation on Maternal and Fetal Postruminal Carbohydrase Activities in Sheep. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skz393. [PMID: 31879771 PMCID: PMC6986434 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of nutrient restriction during midgestation to late gestation on maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities, 41 singleton ewes (48.3 ± 0.6 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 100% (control; CON; n = 20) or 60% of nutrient requirements (restricted; RES; n = 21) from day 50 until day 90 (midgestation). At day 90, 14 ewes (CON, n = 7; RES, n = 7) were euthanized. The remaining ewes were subjected to treatments of nutrient restriction or remained on a control diet from day 90 until day 130 (late gestation): CON-CON (n = 6), CON-RES (n = 7), RES-CON (n = 7), and RES-RES (n = 7) and were euthanized on day 130. The fetal and maternal pancreas and small intestines were weighed, subsampled, and assayed for digestive enzyme activity. One unit (U) of enzyme activity is equal to 1 µmol of product produced per minute for amylase, glucoamylase, lactase, and trypsin and 0.5 µmol of product produced per minute for maltase and isomaltase. Nutrient restriction during midgestation and late gestation decreased (P < 0.05) maternal pancreatic and small intestinal mass but did not affect fetal pancreatic or small intestinal mass. Maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation decreased (P = 0.03) fetal pancreatic trypsin content (U/pancreas) and tended to decrease (P < 0.08) fetal pancreatic trypsin concentration (U/g), specific activity (U/g protein), and content relative to BW (U/kg of BW). Nutrient restriction of gestating ewes decreased the total content of α-amylase (P = 0.04) and tended to decrease total content of trypsin (P = 0.06) and protein (P = 0.06) in the maternal pancreas on day 90. Nutrient restriction during midgestation on day 90 and during late gestation on day 130 decreased (P = 0.04) maternal pancreatic α-amylase-specific activity. Sucrase activity was undetected in the fetal and maternal small intestine. Nutrient restriction during late gestation increased (P = 0.01) maternal small intestinal maltase and lactase concentration and tended to increase (P = 0.06) isomaltase concentration. Realimentation during late gestation after nutrient restriction during midgestation increased lactase concentration (P = 0.04) and specific activity (P = 0.05) in the fetal small intestine. Fetal small intestinal maltase, isomaltase, and glucoamylase did not respond to maternal nutrient restriction. These data indicate that some maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities may change in response to maternal nutrient restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Trotta
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | | | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Hoffman ML, Peck KN, Forella ME, Fox AR, Govoni KE, Zinn SA. The effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on postnatal growth and development of lambs12. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:789-99. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nutrient restriction and realimentation in beef cows during early and mid-gestation and maternal and fetal hepatic and small intestinal in vitro oxygen consumption. Animal 2016; 10:829-37. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115002645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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7
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Meyer AM, Caton JS. Role of the Small Intestine in Developmental Programming: Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Dam and Offspring. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:169-78. [PMID: 27180380 PMCID: PMC4717893 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-intestinal growth and function are critical for optimal animal growth and health and play a major role in nutrient digestion and absorption, energy and nutrient expenditure, and immunological competence. During fetal and perinatal development, the small intestine is affected by the maternal environment and nutrient intake. In ruminants, altered small-intestinal mass, villi morphology, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, vascularity, and gene expression have been observed as a result of poor gestational nutrition or intrauterine growth restriction. Although many of these data come from fetal stages, data have also demonstrated that nutrition during mid- and late gestation affects lamb small-intestinal growth, vascularity, digestive enzyme activity, and gene expression at 20 and 180 d of age as well. The small intestine is known to be a highly plastic tissue, changing with nutrient intake and physiological state even in adulthood, and the maternal small intestine adapts to pregnancy and advancing gestation. In ruminants, the growth, vascularity, and gene expression of the maternal small intestine also adapt to the nutritional plane and specific nutrient intake such as high selenium during pregnancy. These changes likely alter both pre- and postnatal nutrient delivery to offspring. More research is necessary to better understand the role of the offspring and maternal small intestines in whole-animal responses to developmental programming, but programming of this plastic tissue seems to play a dynamic role in gestational nutrition impacts on the whole animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; and
| | - Joel S Caton
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Vonnahme KA, Lemley CO, Caton JS, Meyer AM. Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Vascularity of Nutrient Transferring Tissues during Gestation and Lactation. Nutrients 2015; 7:3497-523. [PMID: 25984740 PMCID: PMC4446764 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the demand for food increases with exponential growth in the world population, it is imperative that we understand how to make livestock production as efficient as possible in the face of decreasing available natural resources. Moreover, it is important that livestock are able to meet their metabolic demands and supply adequate nutrition to developing offspring both during pregnancy and lactation. Specific nutrient supplementation programs that are designed to offset deficiencies, enhance efficiency, and improve nutrient supply during pregnancy can alter tissue vascular responses, fetal growth, and postnatal offspring outcomes. This review outlines how vascularity in nutrient transferring tissues, namely the maternal gastrointestinal tract, the utero-placental tissue, and the mammary gland, respond to differing nutritional planes and other specific nutrient supplementation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Vonnahme
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
| | - Allison M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbus, MO 65210, USA.
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Rotta P, Filho S, Gionbelli T, Costa e Silva L, Engle T, Marcondes M, Campos M, Menezes A, Lobo A. Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: II. Maternal and fetal visceral organ mass. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3211-23. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Visceral organ mass, cellularity indexes and expression of genes encoding for mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins in pure and crossbred mature beef cows grazing different forage allowances of native pastures. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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11
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Meyer AM, Hess BW, Paisley SI, Du M, Caton JS. Small intestinal growth measures are correlated with feed efficiency in market weight cattle, despite minimal effects of maternal nutrition during early to midgestation. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3855-67. [PMID: 25057033 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that gestational nutrition would affect calf feed efficiency and small intestinal biology, which would be correlated with feed efficiency. Multiparous beef cows (n = 36) were individually fed 1 of 3 diets from d 45 to 185 of gestation: native grass hay and supplement to meet NRC recommendations (control [CON]), 70% of CON NEm (nutrient restricted [NR]), or a NR diet with a RUP supplement (NR+RUP) to provide similar essential AA as CON. After d 185 of gestation, cows were managed as a single group, and calf individual feed intake was measured with the GrowSafe System during finishing. At slaughter, the small intestine was dissected and sampled. Data were analyzed with calf sex as a block. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.33) of maternal treatment on residual feed intake, G:F, DMI, ADG, or final BW. Small intestinal mass did not differ (P ≥ 0.38) among treatments, although calf small intestinal length tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for NR than NR+RUP. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.20) in calf small intestinal density or jejunal cellularity, proliferation, or vascularity among treatments. Jejunal soluble guanylate cyclase mRNA was greater (P < 0.03) for NR+RUP than CON and NR. Residual feed intake was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with small intestinal mass and relative mass and jejunal RNA content but was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with jejunal mucosal density and DNA concentration. Gain:feed was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with jejunal mucosal density, DNA, protein, and total cells and was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with small intestinal relative mass, jejunal RNA, and RNA:DNA. Dry matter intake was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with small intestinal mass, relative mass, length, and density as well as jejunal DNA and protein content, total cells, total vascularity, and kinase insert domain receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 mRNA and was negatively correlated (P = 0.02) with relative small intestinal length. In this study, calf performance and efficiency during finishing as well as most measures of small intestinal growth were not affected by maternal nutrient restriction during early and midgestation. Results indicate that offspring small intestinal gene expression may be affected by gestational nutrition even when apparent tissue growth is unchanged. Furthermore, small intestinal size and growth may explain some variation in efficiency of nutrient utilization in feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - B W Hess
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
| | - S I Paisley
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
| | - M Du
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
| | - J S Caton
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
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12
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Shukla P, Ghatta S, Dubey N, Lemley CO, Johnson ML, Modgil A, Vonnahme K, Caton JS, Reynolds LP, Sun C, O'Rourke ST. Maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy impairs an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-like pathway in sheep fetal coronary arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H134-42. [PMID: 24816259 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00595.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying developmental programming are poorly understood but may be associated with adaptations by the fetus in response to changes in the maternal environment during pregnancy. We hypothesized that maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy alters vasodilator responses in fetal coronary arteries. Pregnant ewes were fed a control [100% U.S. National Research Council (NRC)] or nutrient-restricted (60% NRC) diet from days 50 to 130 of gestation (term = 145 days); fetal tissues were collected at day 130. In coronary arteries isolated from control fetal lambs, relaxation to bradykinin was unaffected by nitro-l-arginine (NLA). Iberiotoxin or contraction with KCl abolished the NLA-resistant response to bradykinin. In fetal coronary arteries from nutrient-restricted ewes, relaxation to bradykinin was fully suppressed by NLA. Large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channel (BKCa) currents did not differ in coronary smooth muscle cells from control and nutrient-restricted animals. The BKCa openers, BMS 191011 and NS1619, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid [a putative endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)] each caused fetal coronary artery relaxation and BKCa current activation that was unaffected by maternal nutrient restriction. Expression of BKCa-channel subunits did not differ in fetal coronary arteries from control or undernourished ewes. The results indicate that maternal undernutrition during pregnancy results in loss of the EDHF-like pathway in fetal coronary arteries in response to bradykinin, an effect that cannot be explained by a decreased number or activity of BKCa channels or by decreased sensitivity to mediators that activate BKCa channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Under these conditions, bradykinin-induced relaxation is completely dependent on nitric oxide, which may represent an adaptive response to compensate for the absence of the EDHF-like pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota; and
| | - Srinivas Ghatta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota; and
| | - Nidhi Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota; and
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Mary Lynn Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Amit Modgil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota; and
| | - Kimberly Vonnahme
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota; and
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota; and
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Camacho LE, Lemley CO, Van Emon ML, Caton JS, Swanson KC, Vonnahme KA. Effects of maternal nutrient restriction followed by realimentation during early and midgestation on beef cows. I. Maternal performance and organ weights at different stages of gestation. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:520-9. [PMID: 24664560 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to evaluate the effects of nutrient restriction during early to midgestation followed by realimentation on maternal performance and organ mass in pregnant beef cows. On d 30 of pregnancy, multiparous, nonlactating cows (initial BW = 620.5 ± 11.3 kg and BCS = 5.1 ± 0.1) were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: control (CON; 100% NRC; n = 18) and restricted (RES; 60% NRC; n = 30). On d 85, cows were slaughtered (CON, n = 6; R, n = 6), remained on control (CC; n = 12) and restricted (RR; n = 12), or were realimented to control (RC; n = 11). On d 140, cows were slaughtered (CC, n = 6; RR, n = 6; RC, n = 5), remained on control (CCC, n = 6; RCC, n = 5), or were realimented to control (RRC, n = 6). On d 254, all remaining cows were slaughtered. Cows were weighed before slaughter and all maternal organs were dissected and weighed. The diet consisted of grass hay to meet 100 or 60% NEm recommendations for fetal growth and to meet or exceed recommendations for other nutrients. At d 85 slaughters, BW and empty BW (EBW) were not affected (P ≥ 0.84) by maternal nutrition. However back fat was decreased (P = 0.05) in RES vs. CON cows. Large intestine and abomasum mass were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in RES cows vs. CON. At d 140, BW was decreased (P = 0.05) and EBW tended to be decreased (P = 0.10) in RRC cows vs. CCC and RCC being intermediate. Liver mass was decreased (P = 0.02) in RR vs. CC with RC being intermediate. Ruminal mass was decreased (P = 0.003) in RR vs. CC and RC cows. At d 254, BW and EBW were similar (P ≥ 0.78) across treatments. We observed partial changes in maternal weight and organ masses due to different lengths of maternal nutrient restriction followed by realimentation. It appears that the dam undergoes some adaptations during an early to midgestation nutrient restriction and becomes more efficient in the utilization of nutrients after being realimented and as gestation advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Camacho
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
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14
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Yunusova RD, Neville TL, Vonnahme KA, Hammer CJ, Reed JJ, Taylor JB, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Caton JS. Impacts of maternal selenium supply and nutritional plane on visceral tissues and intestinal biology in 180-day-old offspring in sheep1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2229-42. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. D. Yunusova
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; and
| | - T. L. Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; and
| | - K. A. Vonnahme
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; and
| | - C. J. Hammer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; and
| | - J. J. Reed
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; and
| | - J. B. Taylor
- ARS-USDA, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423
| | - D. A. Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; and
| | - L. P. Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; and
| | - J. S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; and
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15
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Meyer AM, Reed JJ, Neville TL, Taylor JB, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA, Vonnahme KA, Caton JS. Effects of nutritional plane and selenium supply during gestation on visceral organ mass and indices of intestinal growth and vascularity in primiparous ewes at parturition and during early lactation. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2733-49. [PMID: 22393031 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives were to investigate effects of nutritional plane and Se supply during gestation on visceral organ mass and intestinal growth and vascularization in ewes at parturition and during early lactation. Primiparous Rambouillet ewes (n = 84) were allocated to 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included dietary Se [adequate Se (ASe, 11.5 μg/kg BW) or high Se (HSe, 77.0 μg/kg BW)], nutritional plane [60% (restricted; RES), 100% (control; CON), or 140% (high; HIH)], and physiological stage at necropsy (parturition or d 20 of lactation). At parturition, lambs were removed and 42 ewes (7 per treatment) were necropsied. Remaining ewes were transitioned to a common diet which met lactation requirements and mechanically milked for 20 d. In the absence of interactions (P > 0.10), main effects are reported. At parturition, stomach complex and liver masses were greatest for HIH, intermediate for CON, and least for RES (P < 0.02). Small intestinal mass was greater (P ≤ 0.002) for HIH than RES and CON, and greater (P < 0.01) for ASe than HSe. During early lactation, RES and CON gastrointestinal masses increased disproportionally to BW (P < 0.05). At parturition, jejunal mucosal density was less (P ≤ 0.01) for RES than CON and HIH, whereas CON had greater (P < 0.003) jejunal mucosal RNA concentration and RNA:DNA than RES and HIH. Although there were no differences (P > 0.17) at parturition, jejunal cell percent proliferation was greatest in RES, intermediate in CON, and least in HIH (P ≤ 0.09) at d 20 lactation. At both stages, RES had less (P = 0.01) jejunal capillary area density than HIH and less (P ≤ 0.03) capillary surface density than CON and HIH. During lactation, jejunal capillary size was greater (P = 0.04) for ewes previously fed HSe compared with ASe. At parturition, ASe-HIH had greater (P < 0.02) jejunal mucosal endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 mRNA than all other treatments and greater (P = 0.10) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) than all treatments, except ASe-RES. In addition, CON had less (P ≤ 0.08) jejunal VEGF receptor-1 (FLT1) mRNA compared with RES and HIH, and ASe had greater (P = 0.003) FLT1 than HSe at parturition. Ewes fed HIH had greater (P = 0.04) jejunal VEGF receptor-2 mRNA compared with RES. Results indicate that maternal intestinal growth and vascularization are responsive to nutritional plane and dietary Se during gestation and undergo changes postpartum when under similar lactational management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Meyer
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Magolski JD, Luther JS, Neville TL, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Caton JS, Vonnahme KA. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy influences offspring wool production and wool follicle development1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:3819-23. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hammer CJ, Thorson JF, Meyer AM, Redmer DA, Luther JS, Neville TL, Reed JJ, Reynolds LP, Caton JS, Vonnahme KA. Effects of maternal selenium supply and plane of nutrition during gestation on passive transfer of immunity and health in neonatal lambs1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:3690-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Vonnahme KA, Bilski JJ, Borowczyk E, Soni D, Mikkelson B, Johnson ML, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA, Caton JS. Expression of gap junctional connexin proteins in ovine fetal ovaries: effects of maternal diet. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2011; 41:185-94. [PMID: 21820266 PMCID: PMC3190047 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the coordination of cellular functions during growth and differentiation of organs and tissues, and gap junctions play a major role in direct cell-cell communication. Gap junctional channels and connexin (Cx) proteins have been detected in adult ovaries in several species. Furthermore, it has been shown that several environmental factors, including maternal diet, may affect fetal organ growth and function. To determine whether maternal diet affects expression of Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 in fetal ovaries, sheep were fed a maintenance (M) diet with adequate (A) selenium (Se) or high (H) Se levels from 21 d before breeding to day 132 of pregnancy. From day 50 to 132 of pregnancy (tissue collection day), a portion of the ewes from the ASe and HSe groups was fed a restricted (R; 60% of M) diet. Sections of fetal ovaries were immunostained for the presence of Cxs followed by image analysis. All four Cxs were detected, but the distribution pattern differed. Cx26 was immunolocalized in the oocytes from primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles; in granulosa and theca layers of secondary and antral follicles; stroma; and blood vessels. Cx32 was in oocytes, granulosa, and theca cells in a portion of antral follicles; Cx37 was on the borders between oocyte and granulosa/cumulus cells of primordial to antral follicles and in endothelium; and Cx43 was on cellular borders in granulosa and theca layers and between oocyte and granulosa/cumulus cells of primordial to antral follicles. Maternal diet affected Cx26 and Cx43 expression, Cx26 in granulosa layer of antral follicles was decreased (P < 0.01) by HSe in the M and R diets, and Cx43 in granulosa layer of primary and granulosa and theca of antral follicles was increased (P < 0.05) by the M diet with HSe. Thus, Cxs may be differentially involved in regulation of fetal ovarian function in sheep. These data emphasize the importance of maternal diet in fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108, USA.
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Vonnahme KA, Wienhold CM, Borowicz PP, Neville TL, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Caton JS. Supranutritional selenium increases mammary gland vascularity in postpartum ewe lambs. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:2850-8. [PMID: 21605755 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the effects of maternal dietary supranutritional Se and nutritional plane during gestation on capillary surface density, capillary area density, and angiogenic factor expression in the developing mammary gland of primiparous ewes. Selenium treatments were initiated at breeding [adequate Se (ASe; 9.5 μg/kg of body weight) vs. high Se (HSe; 81.8 μg/kg of body weight)] and nutritional planes at d 50 of gestation [Low, 60%; moderate (Mod), 100%; and High, 140% of requirements). Mammary glands were collected within 24h postpartum. Vascular development was assessed in the glandular portion of the mammary gland. Vascularity was determined for mammary tissue with the following measurements taken: the cross-sectional capillary area density (total capillary area as a proportion of tissue area) and capillary surface density (CSD; total capillary circumference per unit of tissue area). High-Se ewes had greater capillary surface and area densities compared with ASe ewes. A tendency existed for an Se × plane of nutrition interaction for CSD with maternal diet not affecting CSD in HSe ewes, but Low ewes had a decreased CSD compared with Mod ewes, with High being intermediate in ASe ewes. Moreover, HSe-Low and HSe-High ewes had increased CSD compared with ASe-Low and ASe-High, respectively. Although Se status did not influence angiogenic factor mRNA expression, mammary glands from Low ewes tended to have increased VEGF and FLT1 mRNA expression compared with High ewes, with Mod being intermediate. Maternal plane of nutrition did not affect mammary gland glutathione peroxidase activity, but it was increased in HSe compared with ASe ewes. Increased mammary capillary nutrient exchange area may contribute to previously observed changes in colostrum quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Vonnahme
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
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Meyer AM, Reed JJ, Neville TL, Thorson JF, Maddock-Carlin KR, Taylor JB, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA, Luther JS, Hammer CJ, Vonnahme KA, Caton JS. Nutritional plane and selenium supply during gestation affect yield and nutrient composition of colostrum and milk in primiparous ewes1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1627-39. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lekatz LA, Wu G, Caton JS, Taylor JB, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA, Vonnahme KA. Maternal selenium supplementation and timing of nutrient restriction in pregnant sheep: Impacts on nutrient availability to the fetus1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:59-76. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Neville TL, Caton JS, Hammer CJ, Reed JJ, Luther JS, Taylor JB, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Vonnahme KA. Ovine offspring growth and diet digestibility are influenced by maternal selenium supplementation and nutritional intake during pregnancy despite a common postnatal diet1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3645-56. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Neville TL, Redmer DA, Borowicz PP, Reed JJ, Ward MA, Johnson ML, Taylor JB, Soto-Navarro SA, Vonnahme KA, Reynolds LP, Caton JS. Maternal dietary restriction and selenium supply alters messenger ribonucleic acid expression of angiogenic factors in maternal intestine, mammary gland, and fetal jejunal tissues during late gestation in pregnant ewe lambs1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2692-702. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Meyer AM, Reed JJ, Vonnahme KA, Soto-Navarro SA, Reynolds LP, Ford SP, Hess BW, Caton JS. Effects of stage of gestation and nutrient restriction during early to mid-gestation on maternal and fetal visceral organ mass and indices of jejunal growth and vascularity in beef cows1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2410-24. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Meyer AM, Reed JJ, Neville TL, Taylor JB, Hammer CJ, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA, Vonnahme KA, Caton JS. Effects of plane of nutrition and selenium supply during gestation on ewe and neonatal offspring performance, body composition, and serum selenium1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:1786-800. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Lekatz LA, Caton JS, Taylor JB, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA, Vonnahme KA. Maternal selenium supplementation and timing of nutrient restriction in pregnant sheep: effects on maternal endocrine status and placental characteristics. J Anim Sci 2009; 88:955-71. [PMID: 19933425 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of maternal Se intake and plane of nutrition during midgestation, late gestation, or both on hormone and metabolite concentrations in the dam and on placental characteristics, pregnant ewe lambs (n = 64) were assigned to 1 of 8 treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial array: Se level [initiated at breeding; adequate (3.05 microg/kg of BW) or high (70.4 microg/kg of BW)] and nutritional level [100% (control) or 60% (restricted) of NRC recommendations] fed at different times of gestation [d 50 to 90 (midgestation) or d 91 to 130 (late gestation)]. The control ewes had a greater (P = 0.01) percentage change in BW from d 50 than restricted ewes during both mid- and late gestation. Although blood urea N was not affected by either Se or nutritional level, restricted ewes had greater (P = 0.01) concentrations of circulating Se on d 66, 78, 106, 120, and 130 of gestation compared with control ewes. Both Se and timing of the nutritional level affected circulating progesterone; however, only nutritional level affected thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in the dam. Nutrient restriction during late gestation decreased (P <or= 0.01) fetal BW and fetal fluid weight compared with the control ewes (3.75 vs. 4.13 +/- 0.10 kg and 1.61 vs. 2.11 +/- 0.11 kg). Although neither Se nor nutritional level affected (P >or= 0.1) placental, caruncular, or cotyledonary weights, cotyledonary cellular proliferation was decreased (P < 0.05) in ewes receiving a high concentration of Se compared with those receiving adequate Se. In addition, either Se or nutritional level affected vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), VEGFA-receptor 1, VEGFA-receptor 2, and NO synthase mRNA abundance in the cotyledonary tissue. In the caruncular tissue, either Se or nutritional level affected VEGFA-receptor 1, placental growth factor, and NO synthase mRNA abundance. Selenium supplementation and the duration or timing of nutrient restriction appear to influence the endocrine and metabolic status of the ewe, which may influence nutrient transport and placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Lekatz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Fargo 58108, USA
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Caton JS, Arndt W, Burchill K, Thorson C, Borowczyk E, Bilski JJ, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Vonnahme KA. Cellular proliferation and vascularization in ovine fetal ovaries: effects of undernutrition and selenium in maternal diet. Reproduction 2009; 137:699-707. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sheep were fed a maintenance (M) diet with adequate (A) Se or high (H) Se concentration from 21 days before breeding to day 135 of pregnancy. From day 50 to day 135 of pregnancy (tissue collection day), a portion of the ewes from ASe and HSe groups were fed restricted (R; 60% of M) diet. Fetal ovarian sections were stained for: 1) the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a marker of proliferating cells) to determine the proportion of proliferating primordial follicles, or the labeling index (LI; percentage of proliferating cells) for primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles, stromal tissues, and blood vessels; 2) factor VIII (a marker of endothelial cells) or 3) a presence of apoptotic cells/bodies. The number of proliferating primordial follicles and the LI of primordial follicles was decreased by R and/or HSe diets. The LI was similar for theca and granulosa cells, and for secondary or antral follicles, but was greater in secondary and antral than in primordial and primary follicles. R diet and/or Se affected the LI in all follicle types, in stromal tissues and blood vessels. A dense network of blood vessels was detected in the areas containing secondary to antral follicles, medulla, and hilus, but areas containing primordial follicles were poorly vascularized. The number of apoptotic cells was minimal. These results demonstrate that nutrient restriction and/or Se level in the maternal diet affected cellular proliferation in follicles, blood vessels, and stromal tissues in fetal ovaries. Thus, plane of nutrition and Se in the maternal diet may impact fetal ovarian development and function.
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