1
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Yu HA, Baik C, Kim DW, Johnson ML, Hayashi H, Nishio M, Yang JCH, Su WC, Gold KA, Koczywas M, Smit EF, Steuer CE, Felip E, Murakami H, Kim SW, Su X, Sato S, Fan PD, Fujimura M, Tanaka Y, Patel P, Sternberg DW, Sellami D, Jänne PA. Translational insights and overall survival in the U31402-A-U102 study of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:437-447. [PMID: 38369013 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is broadly expressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is the target of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a HER3 antibody attached to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. U31402-A-U102 is an ongoing phase I study of HER3-DXd in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC that progressed after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) who received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks had a confirmed objective response rate (cORR) of 39%. We present median overall survival (OS) with extended follow-up in a larger population of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC and an exploratory analysis in those with acquired genomic alterations potentially associated with resistance to HER3-DXd. PATIENTS AND METHODS Safety was assessed in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC previously treated with EGFR TKI who received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg; efficacy was assessed in those who also had prior PBC. RESULTS In the safety population (N = 102), median treatment duration was 5.5 (range 0.7-27.5) months. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 76.5% of patients; the overall safety profile was consistent with previous reports. In 78/102 patients who had prior third-generation EGFR TKI and PBC, cORR by blinded independent central review (as per RECIST v1.1) was 41.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 30.0% to 52.7%], median progression-free survival was 6.4 (95% CI 4.4-10.8) months, and median OS was 16.2 (95% CI 11.2-21.9) months. Patients had diverse mechanisms of EGFR TKI resistance at baseline. At tumor progression, acquired mutations in ERBB3 and TOP1 that might confer resistance to HER3-DXd were identified. CONCLUSIONS In patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC after EGFR TKI and PBC, HER3-DXd treatment was associated with a clinically meaningful OS. The tumor biomarker characterization comprised the first description of potential mechanisms of resistance to HER3-DXd therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Middle Aged
- Male
- Aged
- Mutation
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Aged, 80 and over
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Camptothecin/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Immunoconjugates/adverse effects
- Immunoconjugates/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Yu
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
| | - C Baik
- University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - D-W Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M L Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, USA
| | | | - M Nishio
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J C-H Yang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City
| | - W-C Su
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - K A Gold
- Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego
| | | | - E F Smit
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C E Steuer
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - E Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - S-W Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - X Su
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - S Sato
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - P-D Fan
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | | | - Y Tanaka
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - P Patel
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | | | - D Sellami
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - P A Jänne
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
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2
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Lobo RR, Siregar MU, da Silva SS, Monteiro AR, Salas-Solis G, Vicente ACS, Vinyard JR, Johnson ML, Ma S, Sarmikasoglou E, Coronella CJ, Hiibel SR, Faciola AP. Partial replacement of soybean meal with microalgae biomass on in vitro ruminal fermentation may reduce ruminal protein degradation. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1460-1471. [PMID: 37944802 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with algal sources on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Using 6 fermenters in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin square with 3 periods of 10 d each, we tested 3 treatments: a control diet (CRT) with SBM at 17.8% of the diet dry matter (DM); and 50% SBM biomass replacement with either Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CHL); or Spirulina platensis (SPI). The basal diet was formulated to meet the requirements of a 680-kg Holstein dairy cow producing 45 kg/d of milk with 3.5% fat and 3% protein. All diets had a similar nutritional composition (16.0% CP; 34.9% NDF; 31.0% starch, DM basis) and fermenters were provided with 106 g DM/d split into 2 portions. After 7 d of adaptation, samples were collected for 3 d of each period for analyses of ruminal fermentation at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after morning feeding for evaluation of the ruminal fermentation kinetics. For the evaluation of the daily production of total metabolites and for the evaluation of nutrient degradability, samples from the effluent containers were collected daily. Statistical analysis was performed with the MIXED procedure of SAS with treatment, time, and their interactions considered as fixed effects; day, square, and fermenter were considered as random effects. Orthogonal contrasts (CRT vs. algae; and CHL vs. SPI) were used to depict the treatment effect, and significance was declared when P ≤ 0.05. Fermenters that received algae-based diets had a greater propionate molar concentration and molar proportion when compared with the fermenters fed CRT diets. In addition, those algae-fed fermenters had lower branched short-chain fatty acids (BSCFA) and isoacids (IA), which are biomarkers of ruminal protein degradation, along with lower ammonia (NH3-N) concentration and greater nonammonia nitrogen (NAN). When contrasting with fermenters fed SPI-diets, fermenters fed based CHL-diets had a lower molar concentration of BSCFA and IA, along with lower NH3-N concentration and flow, and greater NAN, bacterial nitrogen flow, and efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Those results indicate that CHL protein may be more resistant to ruminal degradation, which would increase efficiency of nitrogen utilization. In summary, partially replacing SBM with algae biomass, especially with CHL, is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization, due to the fact that fermenters fed CHL-based diets resulted in a reduction in BSCFA and IA, which are markers of protein degradation, and it would improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. However, further validation using in vivo models are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - M U Siregar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - S S da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - A R Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608; Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 13400-970
| | - G Salas-Solis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - A C S Vicente
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - J R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - S Ma
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - C J Coronella
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557
| | - S R Hiibel
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608.
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3
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Borghaei H, de Marinis F, Dumoulin D, Reynolds C, Theelen WSME, Percent I, Gutierrez Calderon V, Johnson ML, Madroszyk-Flandin A, Garon EB, He K, Planchard D, Reck M, Popat S, Herbst RS, Leal TA, Shazer RL, Yan X, Harrigan R, Peters S. SAPPHIRE: phase III study of sitravatinib plus nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:66-76. [PMID: 37866811 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy revolutionized treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, most patients progress due to primary or acquired resistance. Sitravatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can shift the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment toward an immunostimulatory state. Combining sitravatinib with nivolumab (sitra + nivo) may potentially overcome initial CPI resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the phase III SAPPHIRE study, patients with advanced non-oncogenic driven, nonsquamous NSCLC who initially benefited from (≥4 months on CPI without progression) and subsequently experienced disease progression on or after CPI combined with or following platinum-based chemotherapy were randomized 1 : 1 to sitra (100 mg once daily administered orally) + nivo (240 mg every 2 weeks or 480 mg every 4 weeks administered intravenously) or docetaxel (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks administered intravenously). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), duration of response (DOR; all assessed by blinded independent central review), and safety. RESULTS A total of 577 patients included randomized: sitra + nivo, n = 284; docetaxel, n = 293 (median follow-up, 17.1 months). Sitra + nivo did not significantly improve OS versus docetaxel [median, 12.2 versus 10.6 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-1.05; P = 0.144]. The median PFS was 4.4 versus 5.4 months, respectively (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.89-1.32; P = 0.452). The ORR was 15.6% for sitra + nivo and 17.2% for docetaxel (P = 0.597); CBR was 75.5% and 64.5%, respectively (P = 0.004); median DOR was 7.4 versus 7.1 months, respectively (P = 0.924). Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 53.0% versus 66.7% of patients receiving sitra + nivo versus docetaxel, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although median OS was numerically longer with sitra + nivo, the primary endpoint was not met in patients with previously treated advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. The safety profiles demonstrated were consistent with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Borghaei
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - F de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - D Dumoulin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Reynolds
- Ocala Cancer Center, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute - North Region (SCRI), Ocala, USA
| | - W S M E Theelen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Percent
- North Port Cancer Center, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute - South Region (SCRI), Port Charlotte, USA
| | - V Gutierrez Calderon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, USA
| | | | - E B Garon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - K He
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - D Planchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, LungenClinic, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - S Popat
- Lung Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R S Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University, New Haven
| | - T A Leal
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta
| | - R L Shazer
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | - X Yan
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | - R Harrigan
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | - S Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Betz ME, Meza K, Friedman K, Moceri-Brooks J, Johnson ML, Simonetti J, Baker JC, Bryan CJ, Anestis MD. 'Whether it's your weapon or not, it's your home': US military spouse perspectives on personal firearm storage. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002591. [PMID: 38135459 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the USA, an estimated 45% of veterans personally own firearms. Firearm access increases the risk of suicide, so suicide prevention efforts in the US Department of Defense (DoD) focus on lethal means safety, including reducing firearm access. Spouse input may enhance effective messaging and intervention delivery of lethal means safety. This study used qualitative methods to explore the perspectives of military spouses or partners on personal firearm storage, including at-home decisions, on-base storage and existing messaging from the DoD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative data were obtained using 1:1 interviews and focus groups with spouses/partners of US military service members (active duty, Reserve, National Guard, recently separated from the military) and representatives from military support organisations. Sessions focused on personal firearm storage (at home or on military installations) and military messaging around secure firearm storage and firearm suicide prevention. Data were analysed using a team-based, mixed deductive-inductive approach. RESULTS Across 56 participants (August 2022-March 2023), the themes were variability in current home firearm storage and spousal participation in decision-making; uncertainty about firearm storage protocols on military installations; mixed awareness of secure firearm storage messaging from the military; and uncertainty about procedures or protocols for removing firearm access for an at-risk person. CONCLUSION US military spouses are important messengers for firearm safety and suicide prevention, but they are currently underutilised. Tailored prevention campaigns should consider spousal dynamics and incorporate education about installation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Betz
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - K Meza
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - K Friedman
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J Moceri-Brooks
- New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J Simonetti
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Veterans Health Administration, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J C Baker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - C J Bryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Health Care System, Canandaigua, New York, USA
| | - M D Anestis
- New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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5
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Sarmikasoglou E, Johnson ML, Vinyard JR, Sumadong P, Lobo RR, Arce-Cordero JA, Bahman A, Ravelo A, Halima S, Salas-Solis GK, Hikita C, Watanabe T, Faciola AP. Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8746-8757. [PMID: 37678783 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) to monensin and evaluate changes in in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and microbial nitrogen outflow. Treatments were randomly assigned to 8 fermenters in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 experimental periods of 10 d (7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for sample collection). Basal diets contained 43.5:56.5 forage: concentrate ratio and each fermenter was fed 106 g of DM/d divided equally between 2 feeding times. Treatments were control (CON, basal diet without additives), 2.5 μM monensin (MON), 0.1 mg CNSE granule/g DM (CNSE100), and 0.2 mg CNSE granule/g DM (CNSE200). On d 8 to10, samples were collected for pH, lactate, NH3-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), mixed protozoa counts, organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of (1) ADD (CON vs. MON, CNSE100, and CNSE200); (2) MCN (MON vs. CNSE100 and CNSE200); and (3) DOSE (CNSE100 vs. CNSE200). We observed that butyrate concentration in all treatments was lower compared with CON and the concentration for MON was lower compared with CNSE treatments. Protozoal population in all treatments was lower compared with CON. No effects were observed for pH, lactate, NH3-N, total VFA, OM, or N utilization. Within the 24-h pool, protozoal generation time, tended to be lower, while NDF digestibility tended to be greater in response to all additives. Furthermore, the microbial N flow, and the efficiency of N use tended to be lower for the monensin treatment compared with CNSE treatments. Overall, our results showed that both monensin and CNSE decreased butyrate synthesis and protozoal populations, while not affecting OM digestibility and tended to increase NDF digestibility; however, such effects are greater with monensin than CNSE nutshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - P Sumadong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - A Bahman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - A Ravelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - S Halima
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - G K Salas-Solis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - C Hikita
- SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo, Japan 101-0022
| | | | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
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6
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Steer KE, Johnson ML, Edmonds CE, Adjerid K, Bond LE, German RZ, Mayerl CJ. The Impact of Varying Nipple Properties on Infant Feeding Physiology and Performance Throughout Ontogeny in a Validated Animal Model. Dysphagia 2023:10.1007/s00455-023-10630-w. [PMID: 37947879 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Infant feeding requires successful interactions between infant physiology and the maternal (or bottle) nipple. Within artificial nipples, there is variation in both nipple stiffness and flow rates, as well as variation in infant physiology as they grow and mature. However, we have little understanding into how infants interact with variable nipple properties to generate suction and successfully feed. We designed nipples with two different stiffnesses and hole sizes and measured infant feeding performance through ontogeny using a pig model. We evaluated their response to nipple properties using high-speed X-Ray videofluoroscopy. Nipple properties substantially impacted sucking physiology and performance. Hole size had the most profound impact on the number of sucks infants took per swallow. Pressure generation generally increased with age, especially in nipples where milk acquisition was more difficult. However, most strikingly, in nipples with lower flow rates the relationship between suction generation and milk acquisition was disrupted. In order to design effective interventions for infants with feeding difficulties, we must consider how variation in nipple properties impacts infant physiology in a targeted manner. While reducing flow rate may reduce the frequency an infant aspirates, it may impair systems involved in sensorimotor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Steer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - C E Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, USA
| | - K Adjerid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - L E Bond
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - R Z German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - C J Mayerl
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA.
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7
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Johnson ML, Steer KE, Edmonds CE, Adjerid K, German RZ, Mayerl CJ. Nipple properties affect sensorimotor integration during bottle feeding in an infant pig model. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2023; 339:767-776. [PMID: 37438924 PMCID: PMC10528713 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Infant feeding is a critical neurological milestone in development defined by the coordination of muscles, peripheral nerves, and brainstem nuclei. In infants, milk flow rate is often limited to improve feeding performance without treating the underlying deficiencies in the sucking and swallowing processes. Modification of the neuromotor response via sensory information from the nipple during bottle feeding is an unexplored avenue for physiology-based interventions. In this study, we assessed how differences in nipple hole size and nipple stiffness affect sucking muscle activation and subsequent movement. We fabricated four bottle nipples of varying hole size and stiffness to determine how variation in nipple properties affects the sucking behavior of infant pigs. Our results demonstrate that sensory information from the nipple affects sucking motor output. Nipple hole sizes and stiffnesses with a larger milk flow rate resulted in greater muscle activity and kinematic movement. Additionally, our results suggest that sensorimotor interventions are better directed toward modulating tongue function rather than the mandible movements due to a greater response to sensory information. Understanding how sensory information influences infant feeding is instrumental in promoting effective infant feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- ML Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - KE Steer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - CE Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - K Adjerid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - RZ German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - CJ Mayerl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
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8
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Steer KE, Johnson ML, Adjerid K, Bond LE, Howe SP, Khalif A, Nkachukwu KC, Edmonds CE, German RZ, Mayerl CJ. The Function of the Mammal Extrinsic Tongue Musculature in the Transition from Suckling to Drinking. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:641-652. [PMID: 37160353 PMCID: PMC10503468 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from suckling to drinking is a developmental pathway that all mammals take. In both behaviors, the tongue is the primary structure involved in acquiring, transporting, and swallowing the liquid. However, the two processes are fundamentally different: during suckling, the tongue must function as a pump to generate suction to move milk, whereas during drinking, the tongue moves backwards and forwards through the mouth to acquire and move water. Despite these fundamental differences, we have little understanding of how tongues role varies between these behaviors. We used an infant pig model to investigate the relationships between anatomy, physiology, and function of the tongue to examine how lingual function is modulated in the transition from infancy to adulthood. We found that while some muscles were proportionally largest at birth, others were proportionally larger at the time of weaning. Furthermore, we found variation in tongue movements between suckling and drinking along both the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes, resulting in differences in tongue deformation between the two behaviors. The extrinsic tongue muscles also changed in function differently between drinking and suckling. Genioglossus increased its activity and turned on and off earlier in the cycle during drinking, whereas hyoglossus fired at lower amplitudes during drinking, and turned on and off later in the cycle. Together, the data highlight the significant need for high neuroplasticity in the control of the tongue at a young age in mammals and suggest that the ability to do so is key in the ontogeny and evolution of feeding in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Steer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - K Adjerid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Lousiana, 70118, USA
| | - L E Bond
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - S P Howe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - A Khalif
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - K C Nkachukwu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - C E Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - R Z German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - C J Mayerl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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9
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Lara-Castillo N, Masunaga J, Brotto L, Vallejo JA, Javid K, Wacker MJ, Brotto M, Bonewald LF, Johnson ML. Muscle secreted factors enhance activation of the PI3K/Akt and β-catenin pathways in murine osteocytes. Bone 2023; 174:116833. [PMID: 37385426 PMCID: PMC10926931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and bone interact at the level of mechanical loading through the application of force by muscles to the skeleton and more recently focus has been placed on molecular/biochemical coupling of these two tissues. We sought to determine if muscle and muscle-derived factors were essential to the osteocyte response to loading. Botox® induced muscle paralysis was used to investigate the role of muscle contraction during in vivo tibia compression loading. 5-6 month-old female TOPGAL mice had their right hindlimb muscles surrounding the tibia injected with either BOTOX® or saline. At four days post injections when muscle paralysis peaked, the right tibia was subjected to a single session of in vivo compression loading at ∼2600 με. At 24 h post-load we observed a 2.5-fold increase in β-catenin signaling in osteocytes in the tibias of the saline injected mice, whereas loading of tibias from Botox® injected mice failed to active β-catenin signaling in osteocytes. This suggests that active muscle contraction produces a factor(s) that is necessary for or conditions the osteocyte's ability to respond to load. To further investigate the role of muscle derived factors, MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells and a luciferase based β-catenin reporter (TOPflash-MLO-Y4) cell line we developed were treated with conditioned media (CM) from C2C12 myoblasts (MB) and myotubes (MT) and ex vivo contracted Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) and Soleus (Sol) muscles under static or loading conditions using fluid flow shear stress (FFSS). 10 % C2C12 myotube CM, but not myoblast or NIH3T3 fibroblast cells CM, induced a rapid activation of the Akt signaling pathway, peaking at 15 min and returning to baseline by 1-2 h under static conditions. FFSS applied to MLO-Y4 cells for 2 h in the presence of 10 % MT-CM resulted in a 6-8 fold increase in pAkt compared to a 3-4 fold increase under control or when exposed to 10 % MB-CM. A similar response was observed in the presence of 10 % EDL-CM, but not in the presence of 10 % Sol-CM. TOPflash-MLO-Y4 cells were treated with 10 ng/ml Wnt3a in the presence or absence of MT-CM. While MT-CM resulted in a 2-fold activation and Wnt3a produced a 10-fold activation, the combination of MT-CM + Wnt3a resulted in a 25-fold activation of β-catenin signaling, implying a synergistic effect of factors in MT-CM with Wnt3a. These data provide clear evidence that specific muscles and myotubes produce factors that alter important signaling pathways involved in the response of osteocytes to mechanical load. These data strongly suggest that beyond mechanical loading there is a molecular coupling of muscle and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America.
| | - J Masunaga
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - L Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, 411 S. Nedderman Dr, Arlington, TX 76019, United States of America
| | - J A Vallejo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, UMKC School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - K Javid
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - M J Wacker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UMKC School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - M Brotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UMKC School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - L F Bonewald
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
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10
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Cho BC, Penkov K, Bondarenko I, Kurochkin A, Pikiel J, Ahn HK, Korożan ME, Osipov M, Odintsova S, Braiteh F, Ribas A, Grilley-Olson JE, Lugowska I, Bonato V, Damore MA, Yang W, Jacobs IA, Bowers M, Li M, Johnson ML. A phase Ib/II dose expansion study of subcutaneous sasanlimab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and urothelial carcinoma. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101589. [PMID: 37385154 PMCID: PMC10485400 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sasanlimab is an antibody to the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor. We report updated data of subcutaneous sasanlimab in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and urothelial carcinoma dose expansion cohorts from a first-in-human phase Ib/II study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were ≥18 years of age with NSCLC or urothelial carcinoma, and no prior immunotherapies, who progressed on or were intolerant to systemic therapy, or for whom systemic therapy was refused or unavailable. Patients received subcutaneous sasanlimab at 300 mg every 4 weeks (q4w). Primary objectives were to evaluate safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy by objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Sixty-eight and 38 patients with NSCLC and urothelial carcinoma, respectively, received subcutaneous sasanlimab. Overall, sasanlimab was well tolerated; 13.2% of patients experienced grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events. Confirmed ORR was 16.4% and 18.4% in the NSCLC and urothelial carcinoma cohorts, respectively. ORR was generally higher in patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (≥25%) and high tumor mutational burden (TMB; >75%). In the NSCLC and urothelial carcinoma cohorts, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 and 2.9 months, respectively; corresponding median overall survival (OS) was 14.7 and 10.9 months. Overall, longer median PFS and OS correlated with high PD-L1 expression and high TMB. Longer median PFS and OS were also associated with T-cell inflamed gene signature in the urothelial carcinoma cohort. CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous sasanlimab at 300 mg q4w was well tolerated with promising clinical efficacy observed. Phase II and III clinical trials of sasanlimab are ongoing to validate clinical benefit. Subcutaneous sasanlimab may be a potential treatment option for patients with NSCLC or urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - K Penkov
- Private Healthcare Institution Clinical Hospital "RZhD-Medicine", St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - I Bondarenko
- Department of Oncology and Medical Oncology, Dnipropetrovsk City Multiple-Discipline Clinical Hospital, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - A Kurochkin
- Municipal Non-profit Enterprise of Sumy Regional Council, Sumy Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - J Pikiel
- Poradnia Onkologiczna, Szpitale Pomorskie Sp. z o.o, Gdynia, Poland
| | - H K Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M E Korożan
- Oddzial Onkologii Klinicznej, Szpital Grudziądz, Grudziądz, Poland
| | - M Osipov
- Sbhi "Lrcod", Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region, Russian Federation
| | - S Odintsova
- Current Medical Technology, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - F Braiteh
- Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - A Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - I Lugowska
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - W Yang
- Pfizer Inc, San Diego, USA
| | | | | | - M Li
- Pfizer Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology PLLC, Nashville, USA.
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11
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Vinyard JR, Ravelo A, Sarmikasoglou E, Monteiro HF, Arce-Cordero JA, Johnson ML, Agustinho BC, Lobo RR, Yungmann MG, Winter AHR, Gilbertsen LM, Mills MN, Soltis M, Ghizzi LG, Gusmão JO, Ferraretto LF, Faciola AP. Effects of exogenous amylolytic or fibrolytic enzymes inclusion on in vitro fermentation of lactating dairy cow diets in a dual-flow continuous-culture system. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1002-1012. [PMID: 36543642 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of including exogenous amylolytic or fibrolytic enzymes in a diet for high-producing dairy cows on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermentors were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. The treatments were control (CON), a xylanase and glucanase mixture (T1), an α-amylase mixture (T2), or a xylanase, glucanase, and α-amylase mixture (T3). Treatments were included at a rate of 0.008% of diet dry matter (DM) for T1 and T2 and at 0.02% for T3. All treatments replaced the equivalent amount of soybean meal in the diet compared with CON. All diets were balanced to have the same nutrient composition [30.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 16.1% crude protein (CP), and 30% starch; DM basis], and fermentors were fed 106 g/d divided into 2 feedings. At each feeding, T2 was pipetted into the respective fermentor and an equivalent amount of deionized water was added to each fermentor to eliminate potential variation. Experimental periods were 10 d (7 d for adaptation and 3 d for sample collection). Composite samples of daily effluent were collected and analyzed for volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH3-N, and lactate concentrations, degradability of DM, organic matter, NDF, CP, and starch, and flow and metabolism of N. Samples of fermentor contents were collected from each fermentor at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding to determine kinetics of pH, NH3-N, lactate, and VFA concentrations over time. All data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.), and the repeated variable of time was included for kinetics measurements. Treatment did not affect mean pH, degradability, N flow and metabolism, or the concentrations of VFA, NH3-N, or lactate in the effluent samples. Treatment did not affect pH, acetate:propionate ratio, or the concentrations of lactate, NH3-N, total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, or caproate. However, the concentration of total VFA tended to change at each time point depending upon the treatment, and T2 tended to have a greater proportion of 2-methylbutyrate and isovalerate than CON, T1, or T3. As 2-methylbutyrate and isovalerate are branched-chain VFA that are synthesized from branched-chain amino acids, T2 may have an increased fermentation of branched-chain amino acids or decreased uptake by fibrolytic microorganisms. Although we did not observe changes in N metabolism due to the enzymes, there could be changes in microbial populations that utilize branched-chain VFA. Overall, the tested enzymes did not improve in vitro ruminal fermentation in the diet of high-producing dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - A Ravelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - H F Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - J A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - B C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - M G Yungmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - A H R Winter
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - L M Gilbertsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - M N Mills
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - M Soltis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
| | - L G Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - J O Gusmão
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - L F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608.
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12
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Lobo RR, Arce-Cordero JA, So S, Soltis M, Nehme Marinho M, Agustinho BC, Ravelo AD, Vinyard JR, Johnson ML, Monteiro HF, Sarmikasoglou E, Faciola AP. Production, physiological response, and calcium and magnesium balance of lactating Holstein cows fed different sources of supplemental magnesium with or without ruminal buffer. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:990-1001. [PMID: 36526456 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary replacement of magnesium oxide (MgO) with calcium-magnesium hydroxide [CaMg(OH)2] and its interaction with ruminal buffer (sodium sesquicarbonate) supplementation on production, Ca and Mg balance, and overall physiological response of mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Sixty cows averaging 40.5 ± 7.0 kg of milk/d were used. Treatments were assigned following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: (1) MgO, (2) MgO + buffer, (3) CaMg(OH)2, or (4) CaMg(OH)2 + buffer. Diets were formulated to have 16.5% of crude protein, 1.82 Mcal/kg of net energy for lactation, 0.67% Ca, 0.39% P, and 0.25% Mg, all on a dry matter (DM) basis. Treatments were individually top dressed. Milk production, composition, and DM intake were evaluated. A subsample of 20 cows were randomly selected for the evaluation of Ca and Mg balance, blood gases, and electrolytes. Ruminal fluid was also collected for evaluation of pH and Ca and Mg solubility. Effects of Mg source, buffer, and the interaction Mg source × buffer were analyzed through orthogonal contrasts. An interaction of Mg source × buffer was found for DM intake and feed efficiency, in which cows fed CaMg(OH)2 had a similar feed efficiency regardless of ruminal buffer inclusion; however, when cows were fed MgO, the inclusion of buffer reduced feed efficiency. No effects on body weight and milk yield were observed. Buffer addition tended to increase the concentrations of fat, protein, and solids-not-fat, without affecting the yields of these milk components. Magnesium source and buffer did not affect ruminal fluid, blood, urine, or fecal pH; however, buffer supplementation increased urinary pH. Treatment with CaMg(OH)2 increased blood concentration of HCO3-, total CO2, and base excess compared with cows fed MgO. No differences were observed in the ruminal solubility of Ca and Mg or on milk or urinary Ca and Mg excretion. Greater plasma Mg concentration was observed for animals fed MgO compared with cows fed CaMg(OH)2; however, both sources were above the threshold recommended in the literature for dairy cows. Also, a reduction in fecal Mg excretion was observed in animals fed CaMg(OH)2. In summary, we provide evidence that CaMg(OH)2 could replace MgO without affecting performance, overall physiological response, or Ca and Mg balance of mid-lactating dairy Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - J A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - S So
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, National University of Battambang, Battambang 02352, Cambodia
| | - M Soltis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37998
| | - M Nehme Marinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - B C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - A D Ravelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - J R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - H F Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608.
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13
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Mayerl CJ, Adjerid KA, Edmonds CE, Gould FDH, Johnson ML, Steer KE, Bond LE, German RZ. Regional Variation in Contractile Patterns and Muscle Activity in Infant Pig Feeding. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac046. [PMID: 36531210 PMCID: PMC9756950 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
At the level of the whole muscle, contractile patterns during activity are a critical and necessary source of variation in function. Understanding if a muscle is actively lengthening, shorting, or remaining isometric has implications for how it is working to power a given behavior. When feeding, the muscles associated with the tongue, jaws, pharynx, and hyoid act together to transport food through the oral cavity and into the esophagus. These muscles have highly coordinated firing patterns, yet also exhibit high levels of regional heterogeneity in both their timing of activity and their contractile characteristics when active. These high levels of variation make investigations into function challenging, especially in systems where muscles power multiple behaviors. We used infant pigs as a model system to systematically evaluate variation in muscle firing patterns in two muscles (mylohyoid and genioglossus) during two activities (sucking and swallowing). We also evaluated the contractile characteristics of mylohyoid during activity in the anterior and posterior regions of the muscle. We found that the posterior regions of both muscles had different patterns of activity during sucking versus swallowing, whereas the anterior regions of the muscles did not. Furthermore, the anterior portion of mylohyoid exhibited concentric contractions when active during sucking, whereas the posterior portion was isometric during sucking and swallowing. This difference suggests that the anterior portion of mylohyoid in infant pigs is functioning in concert with the tongue and jaws to generate suction, whereas the posterior portion is likely acting as a hyoid stabilizer during sucking and swallowing. Our results demonstrate the need to evaluate both the contractile characteristics and activity patterns of a muscle in order to understand its function, especially in cases where there is potential for variation in either factor within a single muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Mayerl
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - K A Adjerid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - C E Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - F D H Gould
- Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - K E Steer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - L E Bond
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - R Z German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
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14
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Johnson ML, Walsh SE. Food Assistance Programs and Reduced Hospitalizations for Older Adults with Diabetes. J Frailty Aging 2022; 12:67-70. [PMID: 36629087 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an increasingly common and costly condition for older adults. Each year, as many as 1 in 3 Medicare dollars is spent to treat and manage diabetes and associated comorbidities for people with diabetes. To control health care spending in the US, it is imperative that we identify factors for reducing hospitalizations for these individuals. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify predictors of hospitalization in the past 12 months for community-dwelling older adults with diabetes. Data from round five of the National Health and Aging Trends Study were analyzed to assess the impact of food assistance programs on the risk of hospitalization in the past 12 months for 1094 Medicare recipients ages 65 and older with diabetes. Previous research on the social determinants of health has demonstrated that social stressors like poverty and exposure to racism are associated with poorer health outcomes overall, but we did not find a statistically-significant association between race, gender, age or Medicare/ Medicaid dual-eligibility and hospitalization for our study population. Notably, receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, Meals on Wheels services or other food assistance was associated with a 43% reduction in the risk of hospitalization in the past 12 months. Food assistance programs appear to be a promising strategy for reducing hospitalizations associated with diabetes and its comorbidities. Primary care providers, diabetes educators and other health professionals should be more proactive in their referrals to food assistance programs and other community supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Sarah E. Walsh, 340 Marshall, School of Health Sciences, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, Phone 734.487.2364 / Fax 734.487.4095,
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15
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Schoenfeld AJ, Antonia SJ, Awad MM, Felip E, Gainor J, Gettinger SN, Hodi FS, Johnson ML, Leighl NB, Lovly CM, Mok T, Perol M, Reck M, Solomon B, Soria JC, Tan DSW, Peters S, Hellmann MD. Clinical definition of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1597-1607. [PMID: 34487855 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance (AR) to programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-(L)1] blockade is frequent in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), occurring in a majority of initial responders. Patients with AR may have unique properties of persistent antitumor immunity that could be re-harnessed by investigational immunotherapies. The absence of a consistent clinical definition of AR to PD-(L)1 blockade and lack of uniform criteria for ensuing enrollment in clinical trials remains a major barrier to progress; such clinical definitions have advanced biologic and therapeutic discovery. We examine the considerations and potential controversies in developing a patient-level definition of AR in NSCLC treated with PD-(L)1 blockade. Taking into account the specifics of NSCLC biology and corresponding treatment strategies, we propose a practical, clinical definition of AR to PD-(L)1 blockade for use in clinical reports and prospective clinical trials. Patients should meet the following criteria: received treatment that includes PD-(L)1 blockade; experienced objective response on PD-(L)1 blockade (inclusion of a subset of stable disease will require future investigation); have progressive disease occurring within 6 months of last anti-PD-(L)1 antibody treatment or rechallenge with anti-PD-(L)1 antibody in patients not exposed to anti-PD-(L)1 in 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Schoenfeld
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA; Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - S J Antonia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - M M Awad
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - E Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - S N Gettinger
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - F S Hodi
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, USA
| | - N B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - C M Lovly
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - T Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Perol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - M Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - B Solomon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J-C Soria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - D S W Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Peters
- Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M D Hellmann
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
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16
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Blevins CH, Dierkhising RA, Geno DM, Johnson ML, Vela MF, Ravi K, Iyer PG, Katzka DA. Obesity and GERD impair esophageal epithelial permeability through 2 distinct mechanisms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13403. [PMID: 30062771 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which obesity leads to damage independent of reflux is unclear. We aimed to determine the influence of obesity on mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI), a functional measure of the epithelial barrier, in the presence and absence of acid reflux, using ambulatory pH impedance measurements. METHODS Twenty-four-hour pH impedance studies performed off medications in Caucasian men with a normal endoscopic examination were assessed for level of acid exposure and MNBI. Four patient groups were studied: Group 1, Not obese and normal acid exposure; Group 2, Obese and normal acid exposure; Group 3, Not obese and increased acid exposure; and Group 4, Obese with increased acid exposure. RESULTS One hundred patients were studied (25 in each group). Mean esophageal mucosal impedance (MI) was substantially lower in obese patients without reflux (Group 2) and non-obese patients with reflux (Group 3) compared to normal controls (non-obese, no reflux, Group 1). MI was progressively lower in the distal (vs the proximal) esophagus in GER patients, compared to those without GER. This difference persisted in the presence or absence of obesity. In contrast, in obese patients, the mean MI was significantly lower throughout the esophagus when compared to the non-obese patients and also persisted in the presence and absence of accompanying reflux. Obesity and reflux were both independently negatively correlated with MI. CONCLUSION Obesity is associated with abnormal esophageal MNBI. In contrast to gastro-esophageal reflux, this decrease is pan-esophageal. These data may support a systemic mechanism by which obesity alters the esophageal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Blevins
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R A Dierkhising
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D M Geno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M F Vela
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - K Ravi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - P G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D A Katzka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
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17
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Gangopadhyay AK, Pueblo CE, Dai R, Johnson ML, Ashcraft R, Van Hoesen D, Sellers M, Kelton KF. Correlation of the fragility of metallic liquids with the high temperature structure, volume, and cohesive energy. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:154506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Gangopadhyay
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C. E. Pueblo
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R. Dai
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M. L. Johnson
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R. Ashcraft
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - D. Van Hoesen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M. Sellers
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K. F. Kelton
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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18
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Eberhardt W, Garassino MC, Rizvi NA, Besse B, Jänne PA, Peters S, Keong Toh C, Kurata T, Carcereny Costa E, Koczywas M, Felip Font E, Chaft J, Qiu J, Kowanetz M, Zou W, Coleman S, Mocci S, Sandler A, Gettinger S, Johnson ML. Atezolizumab as first-line therapy (1L) for advanced PD-L1-selected NSCLC patients: updated ORR, PFS, OS and exploratory biomarker results from the BIRCH study. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Eberhardt
- Universitätsklinikum Essen, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Cancer Center, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - MC Garassino
- Fondazione Irccs Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Thoracic Oncology Unit
| | - NA Rizvi
- New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center
| | - B Besse
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif France and Paris Sud University
| | | | | | | | - T Kurata
- Kansai Medical University Hirakata Hospital
| | - E Carcereny Costa
- Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona – Germans Trias I Pujol Hospital Badalona
| | | | | | - J Chaft
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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19
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Johnson ML, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Grazul-Bilska AT. Gap junctional connexin messenger RNA expression in the ovine uterus and placenta: effects of estradiol-17β-treatment, early pregnancy stages, and embryo origin. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 58:104-112. [PMID: 27835804 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions play a major role in direct, contact-dependent cell-cell communication, and they have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the coordination of cellular functions during growth and differentiation of organs and tissues. Gap junctional channels, composed of connexin (Cx) proteins, have been detected and shown to be influenced by hormones (eg, estrogen and progesterone) in uterine and placental tissues in several species. We hypothesized that (1) the messenger RNA (mRNA) for Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 is expressed in the uterus of ovariectomized sheep treated with estradiol-17β (E2) and in ovine placenta during early pregnancy, (2) E2-treatment of ovariectomized ewes would cause time-specific changes in Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 mRNA expression (experiment 1), and (3) expression of these 4 Cx would vary across the days of early pregnancy (experiment 2) and will be affected by embryo origin (ie, after application of assisted reproductive technologies [ARTs]; experiment 3). Thus, we collected uterine tissues at 0 to 24 h after E2 treatments (experiment 1), and placental tissues during days 14 to 30 of early pregnancy after natural (NAT) breeding (experiment 2) and on day 22 of early pregnancy established after transfer of embryos generated through natural breeding (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or in vitro activation (IVA, parthenotes; experiment 3). In experiment 1, the expression of Cx26, Cx37, and Cx43 mRNA increased (P < 0.05) and Cx32 mRNA decreased (P < 0.06) in both caruncular and intercaruncular tissues after E2 treatment. In experiment 2, during early pregnancy, there were significant changes (P < 0.01) across days in the expression of Cx26, Cx37, and Cx43 mRNA in the maternal placenta, accompanied by changes (P < 0.001) in Cx37 and Cx43 mRNA in the fetal placenta. In experiment 3, in maternal placenta, Cx32 mRNA expression was decreased (P < 0.001) in NAT-ET, IVF, and IVA groups compared to the NAT group; but in fetal placenta, Cx32 mRNA expression was increased (P < 0.05) in NAT-ET, IVF and IVF groups, and Cx26 mRNA expression was increased (P < 0.05) in IVA compared to NAT group. These data suggest that Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 play specific roles in E2-regulated uterine function and in placental development during early gestation both after natural mating and with application of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - D A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - L P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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20
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Potts H, Duncan S, Johnson ML, O'Keefe SF, Marcy JE, Mallikarjunan K. 0712 Oxygen barrier and light interference packaging properties for controlling light-induced oxidation in milk. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Amin KN, Johnson ML, Phillips JB, Duncan S, Potts H, O'Keefe SF, Marcy JE, Mallikarjunan K. 0706 Differences in high-density polyethylene milk packaging performance under light-emitting diode and fluorescent retail storage. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Mauro NA, Vogt AJ, Derendorf KS, Johnson ML, Rustan GE, Quirinale DG, Kreyssig A, Lokshin KA, Neuefeind JC, An K, Wang XL, Goldman AI, Egami T, Kelton KF. Electrostatic levitation facility optimized for neutron diffraction studies of high temperature liquids at a spallation neutron source. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:013904. [PMID: 26827330 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutron diffraction studies of metallic liquids provide valuable information about inherent topological and chemical ordering on multiple length scales as well as insight into dynamical processes at the level of a few atoms. However, there exist very few facilities in the world that allow such studies to be made of reactive metallic liquids in a containerless environment, and these are designed for use at reactor-based neutron sources. We present an electrostatic levitation facility, NESL (for Neutron ElectroStatic Levitator), which takes advantage of the enhanced capabilities and increased neutron flux available at spallation neutron sources (SNSs). NESL enables high quality elastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments to be made of reactive metallic and other liquids in the equilibrium and supercooled temperature regime. The apparatus is comprised of a high vacuum chamber, external and internal neutron collimation optics, and a sample exchange mechanism that allows up to 30 samples to be processed between chamber openings. Two heating lasers allow excellent sample temperature homogeneity, even for samples approaching 500 mg, and an automated temperature control system allows isothermal measurements to be conducted for times approaching 2 h in the liquid state, with variations in the average sample temperature of less than 0.5%. To demonstrate the capabilities of the facility for elastic scattering studies of liquids, a high quality total structure factor for Zr64Ni36 measured slightly above the liquidus temperature is presented from experiments conducted on the nanoscale-ordered materials diffractometer (NOMAD) beam line at the SNS after only 30 min of acquisition time for a small sample (∼100 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Mauro
- Department of Physics, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois 60540, USA
| | - A J Vogt
- Instrument and Source Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K S Derendorf
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - G E Rustan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D G Quirinale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A Kreyssig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K A Lokshin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J C Neuefeind
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Ke An
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Xun-Li Wang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - A I Goldman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - T Egami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K F Kelton
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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23
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Li BT, Drilon A, Johnson ML, Hsu M, Sima CS, McGinn C, Sugita H, Kris MG, Azzoli CG. A prospective study of total plasma cell-free DNA as a predictive biomarker for response to systemic therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancers. Ann Oncol 2015; 27:154-9. [PMID: 26487589 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While previous studies have reported on the prognostic value of total plasma cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) in lung cancers, few have prospectively evaluated its predictive value for systemic therapy response. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association between changes in total cfDNA and radiologic response to systemic therapy in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Paired blood collections for cfDNA and computed tomography (CT) assessments by RECIST v1.0 were performed at baseline and 6-12 weeks after therapy initiation. Total cfDNA levels were measured in plasma using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations between changes in cfDNA and radiologic response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were measured using Kruskal-Wallis and Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS A total of 103 patients completed paired cfDNA and CT response assessments. Systemic therapy administered included cytotoxic chemotherapy in 57% (59/103), molecularly targeted therapy in 17% (17/103), and combination therapy in 26% (27/103). Median change in cfDNA from baseline to response assessment did not significantly differ by radiologic response categories of progression of disease, stable disease and partial response (P = 0.10). However, using radiologic response as continuous variable, there was a weak positive correlation between change in radiologic response and change in cfDNA (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.21, P = 0.03). Baseline cfDNA levels were not associated with PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.20, P = 0.41] or OS (HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.93-1.17, P = 0.51), neither were changes in cfDNA. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, changes in total cfDNA over time did not significantly predict radiologic response from systemic therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Pretreatment levels of total cfDNA were not prognostic of survival. Total cfDNA level is not a highly specific predictive biomarker and future investigations in cfDNA should focus on tumor-specific genomic alterations using expanded capabilities of next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Li
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Drilon
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - C S Sima
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - C McGinn
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - H Sugita
- Department of Biochemistry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M G Kris
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - C G Azzoli
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
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24
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Reynolds LP, Haring JS, Johnson ML, Ashley RL, Redmer DA, Borowicz PP, Grazul-Bilska AT. Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: estrogen and progesterone receptor messenger RNA expression in pregnancies derived from in vivo-produced and in vitro-produced embryos. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 53:60-9. [PMID: 26119037 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids are important regulators of angiogenesis and growth in reproductive tissues, including the placenta. In experiment (exp.) 1, to examine the expression of a suite of sex steroid receptors throughout early pregnancy, maternal (caruncular [CAR]) and fetal (fetal membranes [FM]) placental tissues were collected on days 14 to 30 after mating and on day 10 after estrus (nonpregnant controls). In exp. 2, to examine the hypothesis that assisted reproductive technology would affect the expression of the same suite of sex steroid receptors, pregnancies were achieved through natural mating (NAT) or transfer of embryos from natural mating (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or in vitro activation (IVA), and CAR and FM were collected on day 22. In exp. 1, for CAR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of estrogen receptors (ESR) 1 and 2, nuclear (n) progesterone receptors (PGR) and membrane (m) PGRα, β, and γ were affected (P < 0.02) by pregnancy stage, as were ESR1, nPGR, and mPGRα, β, and γ for FM (P < 0.03). In exp. 2, for CAR, mRNA expression of ESR1 and nPGR was decreased (P < 0.001) in NAT-ET, IVF, and IVA groups compared with NAT. For FM, mRNA expression of ESR1 tended to be greater (P = 0.10) in the IVA group compared with NAT and NAT-ET, and GPER1 was greater (P < 0.05) in NAT-ET and IVF compared with NAT. These data establish the normal pattern of sex steroid receptor mRNA expression in maternal and fetal placenta during early pregnancy in sheep, and in addition, suggest that altered expression of placental sex steroid receptors may be an early event leading to poor placental vascularization and growth after assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - J S Haring
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - R L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - D A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - P P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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25
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Lara-Castillo N, Kim-Weroha NA, Kamel MA, Javaheri B, Ellies DL, Krumlauf RE, Thiagarajan G, Johnson ML. In vivo mechanical loading rapidly activates β-catenin signaling in osteocytes through a prostaglandin mediated mechanism. Bone 2015; 76:58-66. [PMID: 25836764 PMCID: PMC4447591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The response of the skeleton to loading appears to be mediated through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and osteocytes have long been postulated to be the primary mechanosensory cells in bone. To examine the kinetics of the mechanoresponse of bone and cell types involved in vivo, we performed forearm loading of 17-week-old female TOPGAL mice. β-catenin signaling was observed only in embedded osteocytes, not osteoblasts, at 1h post-loading, spreading to additional osteocytes and finally to cells on the bone surface by 24h. This early activation at 1h appeared to be independent of receptor (Lrp5/6) mediated activation as it occurred in the presence of the inhibitors sclerostin and/or Dkk1. The COX-2 inhibitor, Carprofen, blocked the activation of β-catenin signaling and decline in sclerostin positive osteocytes post-loading implying an important role for prostaglandin. In vitro, PI3K/Akt activation was shown to be required for β-catenin nuclear translocation downstream from prostaglandin in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells supporting this mechanism. Downstream targets of β-catenin signaling, sclerostin and Dkk1, were also examined and found to be significantly downregulated in osteocytes in vivo at 24h post-loading. The pattern of initially activated osteocytes appeared random and in order to understand this heterogeneous expression, a novel finite element model of the strain field in the ulna was developed, which predicts highly variable local magnitudes of strain experienced by osteocytes. In summary, both in vivo and in vitro models show the rapid activation of β-catenin in response to load through the early release of prostaglandin and that strain fields in the bone are extremely heterogeneous resulting in heterogeneous activation of the β-catenin pathway in osteocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lara-Castillo
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - N A Kim-Weroha
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - M A Kamel
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - B Javaheri
- The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - D L Ellies
- OsteoGeneX Inc, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - R E Krumlauf
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - G Thiagarajan
- UMKC School of Computing and Engineering, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Abstract
A dozen years ago the identification of causal mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene involved in two rare bone disorders propelled research in the bone field in totally new directions. Since then, there have been an explosion in the number of reports that highlight the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of bone homeostasis. In this review we discuss some of the most recent reports (in the past 2 years) highlighting the involvement of the members of the LRP family (LRP5, LRP6, LRP4, and more recently LRP8) in the maintenance of bone and their implications in bone diseases. These reports include records of new single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes that suggest variants in these genes can contribute to subtle variation in bone traits to mutations that give rise to extreme bone phenotypes. All of these serve to further support and reinforce the importance of this tightly regulated pathway in bone. Furthermore, we discuss provocative reports suggesting novel approaches through inhibitors of this pathway to treat rarer diseases such as Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome (OPPG), Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), and Sclerosteosis/Van Buchem disease. It is hoped that by understanding the role of each component of the pathway and their involvement in bone diseases that this knowledge will allow us to develop new, more effective therapeutic approaches for more common diseases such as post-menopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis as well as these rarer bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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Johnson ML. Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular size and function and function and its application in coronary artery disese. Adv Cardiol 2015; 17:105-22. [PMID: 1274774 DOI: 10.1159/000398832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kitase Y, Lee S, Gluhak-Heinrich J, Johnson ML, Harris SE, Bonewald LF. CCL7 is a protective factor secreted by mechanically loaded osteocytes. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1108-15. [PMID: 25274752 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514553008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In a search for factors up-regulated by mechanical strain in osteocytes, we discovered that chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7), a chemotactic myokine, was highly expressed in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells. Although MLO-Y4 cells secrete potent chemotactic factors for osteoclast precursors, CCL7 was not responsible for this activity. CCL7 was increased in osteocytes in response to tooth movement in vivo. Since mechanical loading plays a crucial role in maintaining osteocyte viability, CCL7 was tested for protective activity and found to be protective against cell death induced by dexamethasone and etoposide. CCL7 specific antibody partially, but in combination with indomethacin, completely abrogated the protective effects of fluid flow shear stress against dexamethasone-induced cell death. CCL7 activated the β-catenin pathway through phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), suggesting that this pathway is responsible for the observed protective effects. A related cytokine, CCL2, also produced by MLO-Y4 cells but not regulated by mechanical loading, proved to be more potent and protected against cell death induced by not only dexamethasone, but also by Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα). Whereas osteocytes may produce CCL2 in constitutively low levels, a major function of mechanically induced CCL7 may be to selectively protect osteocytes in an autocrine manner against glucocorticoid-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kitase
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S Lee
- Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon City, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M L Johnson
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S E Harris
- Periodontics and Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - L F Bonewald
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Mauro NA, Blodgett M, Johnson ML, Vogt AJ, Kelton KF. A structural signature of liquid fragility. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4616. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Gangopadhyay AK, Blodgett ME, Johnson ML, McKnight J, Wessels V, Vogt AJ, Mauro NA, Bendert JC, Soklaski R, Yang L, Kelton KF. Anomalous thermal contraction of the first coordination shell in metallic alloy liquids. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044505. [PMID: 25669553 DOI: 10.1063/1.4861666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A K Gangopadhyay
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M E Blodgett
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J McKnight
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - V Wessels
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - A J Vogt
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - N A Mauro
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J C Bendert
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R Soklaski
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K F Kelton
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Johnson ML, Nair KS. Assessment of old and new proteins: a novel methodology. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23 Suppl 1:S6-S11. [PMID: 22784971 PMCID: PMC3537901 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein modifications and the accumulation of those proteins are implicated in a host of diseases from Parkinson's and Alzheimer's to both insulin independent and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Accumulation of irreversibly modified proteins occurs when the degradation rate of proteins is reduced or the rate of modification increases. Although the synthesis rates of individual proteins in vivo have been extensively studied the methodology to measure degradation rates of individual proteins in vivo remains to be well developed. However, the ability to measure the relative age of a particular protein pool in relation to the quality of the pool (amount of damage) is a recent advance. This brief review describes a novel methodology to simultaneously measure the synthesis rate of individual proteins along with the accumulation of oxidative damage to those proteins in vivo. The results of a recent investigation on individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus are described. Accelerated damage to de novo synthesized ApoA-1 is shown during short-term insulin cessation, which has potential clinical implications. Future implications of the novel method in diabetes and aging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - K S Nair
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Lakowicz JR, Szmacinski H, Johnson ML. Calcium imaging using fluorescence lifetimes and long-wavelength probes. J Fluoresc 2013; 2:47-62. [PMID: 24243158 DOI: 10.1007/bf00866388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/1992] [Revised: 05/12/1992] [Accepted: 06/08/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe imaging of calcium concentrations using the long-wavelength Ca(2+) indicators, Calcium Green, Orange, and Crimson. The lifetimes of these probes were measured using the frequency-domain method and were found to increase from 50% to severalfold in response to calcium. The two-dimensional images of the calcium concentration were obtained using a new apparatus for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). We also describe procedures to correct for the position-dependent frequency response of the gain-modulated image intensifier used in the FLIM apparatus. Importantly, the FLIM method does not require the probe to display shifts in the excitation or emission spectra. Using the FLIM method, calcium imaging is possible using probes which display changes in lifetime in response to calcium. Consequently, calcium imaging is possible with excitation wavelengths ranging from 488 to as long as 620 nm, where autofluorescence and/or photochemical damage is minimal. These probes are also suitable for calcium measurements of single cells using lifetime-based flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 660 West Redwood Strect, 21201, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lakowicz JR, Cherek H, Kuśba J, Gryczynski I, Johnson ML. Review of fluorescence anisotropy decay analysis by frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 2013; 3:103-16. [PMID: 24234774 DOI: 10.1007/bf00865324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/1993] [Revised: 08/27/1993] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This didactic paper summarizes the mathematical expressions needed for analysis of fluorescence anisotropy decays from polarized frequency-domain fluorescence data. The observed values are the phase angle difference between the polarized components of the emission and the modulated anisotropy, which is the ratio of the polarized and amplitude-modulated components of the emission. This procedure requires a separate measurement of the intensity decay of the total emission. The expressions are suitable for any number of exponential components in both the intensity decay and the anisotropy decay. The formalism is generalized for global analysis of anisotropy decays measured at different excitation wavelengths and for different intensity decay times as the result of quenching. Additionally, we describe the expressions required for associated anisotropy decays, that is, anisotropy decays where each correlation time is associated with a decay time present in the anisotropy decay. And finally, we present expressions appropriate for distributions of correlation times. This article should serve as a reference for researchers using frequency-domain fluorometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, 21201, Baltimore, Maryland
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Scarborough, UK
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Jähn K, Lara-Castillo N, Brotto L, Mo CL, Johnson ML, Brotto M, Bonewald LF, Bonewald LF. Skeletal muscle secreted factors prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteocyte apoptosis through activation of β-catenin. Eur Cell Mater 2012; 24:197-209; discussion 209-10. [PMID: 22972510 PMCID: PMC3484168 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v024a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a widely held belief that the sole effect of muscle on bone is through mechanical loading. However, as the two tissues are intimately associated, we hypothesized that muscle myokines may have positive effects on bone. We found that factors produced by muscle will protect osteocytes from undergoing cell death induced by dexamethasone (dex), a glucocorticoid known to induce osteocyte apoptosis thereby compromising their capacity to regulate bone remodeling. Both the trypan blue exclusion assay for cell death and nuclear fragmentation assay for apoptosis were used. MLO-Y4 osteocytes, primary osteocytes, and MC3T3 osteoblastic cells were protected against dex-induced apoptosis by C2C12 myotube conditioned media (MT-CM) or by CM from ex vivo electrically stimulated, intact extensor digitorum longus (EDL) or soleus muscle derived from 4 month-old mice. C2C12 MT-CM, but not undifferentiated myoblast CM prevented dex-induced cell apoptosis and was potent down to 0.1 % CM. The CM from EDL muscle electrically stimulated tetanically at 80 Hz was more potent (10 fold) in prevention of dex-induced osteocyte death than CM from soleus muscle stimulated at the same frequency or CM from EDL stimulated at 1 Hz. This suggests that electrical stimulation increases production of factors that preserve osteocyte viability and that type II fibers are greater producers than type I fibers. The muscle factor(s) appears to protect osteocytes from cell death through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as MT-CM induces β-catenin nuclear translocation and β-catenin siRNA abrogated the positive effects of MT-CM on dex-induced apoptosis. We conclude that muscle cells naturally secrete factor(s) that preserve osteocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Jähn
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - N. Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - L. Brotto
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Nursing, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - C. L. Mo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Nursing, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA,Department of Oral Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - M. L. Johnson
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - M. Brotto
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Nursing, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA,Department of Oral Biology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - L. F. Bonewald
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA,Address for correspondence: Lynda F. Bonewald, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 E. 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA, Telephone Number: 1-816-235-2068, FAX Number: 1-816-235-5524,
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Johnson ML, Borowicz PP, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP. 84 MARKERS OF DNA METHYLATION IN OVINE UTERO–PLACENTAL TISSUES DURING EARLY PREGNANCY: EFFECTS OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv24n1ab84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised pregnancies can be caused by genetic, epigenetic, environmental and/or other factors. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) may have profound effects on placental and fetal development, leading eventually to compromised pregnancy. DNA methylation, regulated by DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt) and other factors, plays an important role during embryonic, including placental, development. Altered DNA methylation in the trophoblast and, subsequently, the placenta has been reported for compromised pregnancies and may contribute to embryonic/fetal loss. Little is known, however, about DNA methylation processes in placental tissues during early stages of normal or compromised pregnancies in any species. Thus, we hypothesised that ART would affect the expression of 5 methylcytosine (5mC; a marker of global methylation) and mRNA for Dnmt1, 3a and 3b in utero-placental tissues during early pregnancy in sheep. Pregnancies (n = 7 per group) were achieved through natural breeding (NAT, control), or transfer of embryos generated through natural breeding (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF) or in vitro activation (IVA; parthenogenetic clones). On Day 22 of pregnancy, caruncle (CAR; maternal placenta) and fetal membranes (FM; fetal placenta) were snap-frozen separately for RNA extraction followed by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, cross sections of gravid uterus were fixed and then used for immunohistochemical detection and image analysis of 5 mC in FM. In FM, expression of mRNA for Dnmt3a was ∼2-fold greater (P < 0.01) in IVA compared with the other groups and was similar in NAT, NAT-ET and IVF groups. Expression of 5 mC was ∼2- to 3-fold greater (P < 0.02) in IVF and IVA than in NAT. In CAR, mRNA expression for Dnmt1 was ∼1.5-fold greater (P < 0.04) in IVA compared with the other groups, but Dnmt3a expression was less (P < 0.04) in NAT-ET and IVA than NAT. Expression of mRNA for Dnmt1 in FM and 3b in FM and CAR was similar in all groups. In IVA and/or IVF pregnancy, increased expression of Dnmt3a mRNA and/or 5 mC in FM may indicate de novo methylation in the fetal placenta. Furthermore, in pregnancies created through ART, decreased expression of Dnmt3a in CAR may indicate reduced de novo methylation in maternal placenta. Thus, in sheep, ART may have specific effects on growth and function of utero-placental and fetal tissues through regulation of DNA methylation and likely other mechanisms. These data provide a foundation for determining the basis for altered DNA methylation of specific genes in placental and embryonic tissues in compromised pregnancies. In addition, these data will help us to better understand placental regulatory mechanisms in compromised pregnancies and to identify strategies for rescuing such pregnancies.
Supported by Hatch Project ND01712; USDA grant 2007-01215 to LPR and ATGB, NIH grant HL64141 to LPR and DAR and NSF-MRI-ARRA grant to ATGB.
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Vonnahme KA, Bilski JJ, Borowczyk E, Soni D, Mikkelson B, Johnson ML, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA, Caton JS. Expression of gap junctional connexin proteins in ovine fetal ovaries: effects of maternal diet. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2011; 41:185-94. [PMID: 21820266 PMCID: PMC3190047 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the coordination of cellular functions during growth and differentiation of organs and tissues, and gap junctions play a major role in direct cell-cell communication. Gap junctional channels and connexin (Cx) proteins have been detected in adult ovaries in several species. Furthermore, it has been shown that several environmental factors, including maternal diet, may affect fetal organ growth and function. To determine whether maternal diet affects expression of Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 in fetal ovaries, sheep were fed a maintenance (M) diet with adequate (A) selenium (Se) or high (H) Se levels from 21 d before breeding to day 132 of pregnancy. From day 50 to 132 of pregnancy (tissue collection day), a portion of the ewes from the ASe and HSe groups was fed a restricted (R; 60% of M) diet. Sections of fetal ovaries were immunostained for the presence of Cxs followed by image analysis. All four Cxs were detected, but the distribution pattern differed. Cx26 was immunolocalized in the oocytes from primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles; in granulosa and theca layers of secondary and antral follicles; stroma; and blood vessels. Cx32 was in oocytes, granulosa, and theca cells in a portion of antral follicles; Cx37 was on the borders between oocyte and granulosa/cumulus cells of primordial to antral follicles and in endothelium; and Cx43 was on cellular borders in granulosa and theca layers and between oocyte and granulosa/cumulus cells of primordial to antral follicles. Maternal diet affected Cx26 and Cx43 expression, Cx26 in granulosa layer of antral follicles was decreased (P < 0.01) by HSe in the M and R diets, and Cx43 in granulosa layer of primary and granulosa and theca of antral follicles was increased (P < 0.05) by the M diet with HSe. Thus, Cxs may be differentially involved in regulation of fetal ovarian function in sheep. These data emphasize the importance of maternal diet in fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108, USA.
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Bowen L, Kiernan JD, Eder K, Werner I, Leutenegger CM, Adkison MA, Hedrick RP, Johnson ML. Euthanization methods influence cytokine mRNA expression levels in age 0 year Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Fish Biol 2011; 79:539-545. [PMID: 21781109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Significant differences in cytokine transcription were found between Oncorhynchus mykiss euthanized using the pharmacological agents MS-222 v. benzocaine and also when contrasting death induced by carbon dioxide asphyxiation v. physical methods (cervical dislocation). This study highlights the need to consider the potentially confounding effect of euthanization method on gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bowen
- Center for Watershed Sciences, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Grazul-Bilska AT, Johnson ML, Borowicz PP, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP. 112 EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) IN PLACENTAL TISSUES DURING EARLY PREGNANCY IN SHEEP. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv23n1ab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal placental development is critical for placental function and thus for normal embryonic and fetal growth and development. Many factors, including those from the environment or from the application of assisted reproductive techniques, are known to affect embryonic development. Additionally, altered DNA methylation was reported for fetal and/or maternal placenta from compromised pregnancies, and this may contribute to high embryonic/fetal loss. DNA methylation regulated by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) plays an important role during embryonic development. However, little is known about the expression of DNMT in placental tissues during early pregnancy in any species. To determine the mRNA expression of DNMT 3a and 3b (developmentally-regulated DNMT) in normal placenta, caruncular (CAR, maternal placenta) tissue and fetal membranes (FM, chorioallantois or fetal placenta) were collected on Days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 after natural mating (n = 5–8 ewes day–1) and on Day 9–11 after oestrus (n = 7; non-pregnant [NP] controls, CAR only), snap-frozen, and then used for quantitative real time RT-PCR. For each tissue, data were analysed statistically by ANOVA with the day of pregnancy as the main effect. In CAR and FM, mRNA expression of DNMT3A and 3b was affected (P < 0.01–0.02) by day of pregnancy. In CAR, expression of DNMT3A was similar in NP controls and on days 14, 16, 18, and 30, was decreased (P < 0.01) ∼2-fold on day 20, and then gradually increased to day 30 of pregnancy. In CAR, expression of DNMT3b was similar in NP controls and on days 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, and 28, but was greater (P < 0.02) by ∼2-fold on days 22 and 30 than in NP controls or on days 24 and 26 of pregnancy. For CAR, regression analysis of DNMT3a mRNA expression demonstrated a cubic pattern (R2 = 0.253; P = 0.01) of expression during early pregnancy. In FM, DNMT3a increased (P < 0.01) ∼2-fold from day 16 to 24–30, but DNMT3b gradually decreased (∼0.5–5-fold; P < 0.01) from day 16 to day 30 of pregnancy. For FM, regression analysis of mRNA expression for DNMT3a demonstrated a linear increase (R2 = 0.301; P < 0.01), but for DNMT3b a cubic pattern (R2 = 0.624; P < 0.01) of expression during early pregnancy. These data indicate that DNMT3a and 3b mRNA are differentially expressed in CAR and FM, and the temporal pattern of expression of DNMT3a and 3b differs between maternal and fetal placental tissues during early pregnancy in sheep. Thus, significant changes in mRNA expression of DNMT3a and 3b in CAR and FM indicate that de novo methylation is present in the placenta during early pregnancy in sheep and may be regulated in part by the level of DNMT expression. These data provide a foundation for determining the basis for altered DNA methylation of placental and embryonic tissues in compromised pregnancies.
Supported by USDA grant 2007-01215 to LPR and ATGB, and NIH grant HL64141 to LPR and DAR.
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Neville TL, Redmer DA, Borowicz PP, Reed JJ, Ward MA, Johnson ML, Taylor JB, Soto-Navarro SA, Vonnahme KA, Reynolds LP, Caton JS. Maternal dietary restriction and selenium supply alters messenger ribonucleic acid expression of angiogenic factors in maternal intestine, mammary gland, and fetal jejunal tissues during late gestation in pregnant ewe lambs1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2692-702. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Johnson ML, Zarins Z, Fattor JA, Horning MA, Messonnier L, Lehman SL, Brooks GA. Twelve weeks of endurance training increases FFA mobilization and reesterification in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 109:1573-81. [PMID: 20651217 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00116.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of exercise intensity and training on rates of lipolysis, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) appearance (R(a)), disappearance (R(d)), reesterification (R(s)), and oxidation (R(oxP)) in postmenopausal (PM) women. Ten sedentary but healthy women (55 ± 0.6 yr) completed 12 wk of supervised endurance exercise training on a cycle ergometer [5 days/wk, 1 h/day, 65% peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2peak))]. Flux rates were determined by continuous infusion of [1-(13)C]palmitate and [1,1,2,3,3-(2)H(5)]glycerol during 90 min of rest and 60 min of cycle ergometer exercise during one pretraining exercise trial [65% Vo(2peak) (PRE)] and two posttraining exercise trials [at power outputs that elicited 65% pretraining Vo(2peak) (absolute training; ABT) and 65% posttraining Vo(2peak) (relative training; RLT)]. Initial body weights (68.2 ± 4.5 kg) were maintained over the course of study. Training increased Vo(2peak) by 16.3 ± 3.9% (P < 0.05) (Zarins ZA, Wallis GA, Faghihnia N, Johnson ML, Fattor JA, Horning MA and Brooks GA. Metabolism 58: 9: 1338-1346, 2009). Glycerol R(a) and R(d) were elevated in the RLT trial (P < 0.05), but not the ABT trial after training. Rates of plasma FFA R(a), R(d), and R(oxP) were elevated during the ABT compared with PRE trial (P < 0.05). FFA R(s) accounted for most (50-70%) of R(d) during exercise; training reduced FFA R(s) during ABT, but not RLT compared with PRE. We conclude that, despite the large age-related decrease in metabolic scope in PM women, endurance training increases the capacities for FFA mobilization and oxidation during exercises of a given power output. However, after menopause, total lipid oxidation capacity remains low, with reesterification accounting for most of FFA R(d).
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
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Abstract
Different components of an ecosystem can respond in very different ways to habitat fragmentation. An archipelago of patches, representing different levels of fragmentation, was arrayed within a successional field and studied over a period of 6 years. Ecosystem processes (soil mineralization and plant succession) did not vary with the degree of subdivision, nor did most measures of plant and animal community diversity. However, fragmentation affected vertebrate population dynamics and distributional patterns as well as the population persistence of clonal plant species. The results highlight the dangers of relying on broad community measures in lieu of detailed population analyses in studies of fragmented habitats.
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Pietanza M, D'Angelo SP, Johnson ML, Paik PK, Riely GJ, Miller VA, Zakowski MF, Rusch VW, Ladanyi M, Kris MG. EGFR mutations in men and cigarette smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Johnson ML, Sima C, Paik PK, Janjigian YY, Pao W, Kris MG, Ladanyi M, Riely GJ. Association of KRAS and EGFR mutations with survival in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.7541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lou E, Johnson ML, Sima C, Gonzalez-Espinoza R, Kris MG, Azzoli CG, Fleisher M. Analysis of a panel of serum biomarkers in patients with metastatic lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e18080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Paik PK, Johnson ML, D'Angelo SP, Sima C, Janjigian YY, Riely GJ, Kris MG. Prognostic implications of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS among never-smokers with adenocarcinoma of the lung. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.10530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Clinical studies show that men are more likely to develop disorders affecting midbrain dopaminergic pathways, such as drug addiction and Parkinson's disease (PD). Although a great deal of focus has been given to the role of oestrogen in the maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic pathways, little is known about how testosterone influences these pathways. In the present study, we used stereological analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) cell bodies to determine how testosterone influences the dopaminergic cell bodies of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Rats and mice were castrated at postnatal day (PN) 60, and these midbrain cell populations were counted on PN 90. One month after castration, TH-IR cell number had increased in the SNpc and VTA of rats and mice. Replacement with testosterone or the non-aromatisable analogue dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in castrated animals reduced TH-IR cell number in the SNpc and VTA in rats. In mice, the decrease of TH-IR cell number with testosterone or DHT replacement was observed only in the SNpc. The apparent increase in TH-IR neurone number after castration is not explained by an increase in TH expression because the number of nondopaminergic cells (TH-immunonegative, TH-IN) did not decrease proportionally after castration. TH-IN cell number did not change after castration or hormone replacement in rat or mouse SNpc or VTA. These findings suggest that testosterone may play a suppressive role in midbrain dopaminergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
Previous findings in our laboratory and elsewhere have shown that ovariectomy of rats in adulthood attenuates cocaine-stimulated locomotor behaviour. Ovarian hormones enhance both cocaine-stimulated behaviour and increase dopamine overflow after psychomotor stimulants. The present study aimed to determine whether ovarian hormones have these effects in part by maintaining dopamine neurone number in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) and to investigate the roles of specific oestrogen receptors (ERs) in the maintenance of mesencephalic dopamine neurones. To accomplish this goal, we used unbiased stereological techniques to estimate the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) cell bodies in midbrain regions of intact, ovariectomised and hormone-replaced female rats and mice. Animals received active or sham gonadectomy on postnatal day 60 and received vehicle, 17beta-oestradiol (E(2)) or selective ER agonists propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT, ERalpha) or diarylpropionitrile (DPN, ERbeta) for 1 month post-surgery. In both rats and mice, ovariectomy reduced the number of TH-IR cells in the SNpc and VTA. Replacement with E(2), PPT or DPN prevented or attenuated the loss observed with ovariectomy in both rats and mice. An additional study using ER knockout mice revealed that adult female mice lacking ERalpha had fewer TH-IR cells in midbrain regions than wild-type mice, whereas mice lacking ERbeta had TH-IR cell counts comparable to wild-type. These findings suggest that, although both ER subtypes play a role in the maintenance of TH-IR cell number in the SNpc and VTA, ERalpha may play a more significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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