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Murayama K, Fukui T, Kushibiki S, Sakamoto K, Inouchi K, Sugino T. Effects of medium-chain fatty acids and tributyrin supplementation in milk replacers on growth performance, blood metabolites, and hormone concentrations in Holstein dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00277-1. [PMID: 37225581 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of triglycerides containing medium-chain fatty acids (MCT) and tributyrin (TB) supplementation in a milk replacer (MR) on growth performance, plasma metabolites, and hormone concentrations in dairy calves. Sixty-three Holstein heifer calves (body weight at 8 d of age, 41.1 ± 2.91 kg; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental MR (28% crude protein and 18% fat): (1) containing 3.2% C8:0 and 2.8% C10:0 (in fat basis) without TB supplementation (CONT; n = 15), (2) containing 6.7% C8:0 and 6.4% C10:0 without TB supplementation (MCT; n = 16), (3) containing 3.2% C8:0 and 2.8% C10:0 with 0.6% (dry matter basis) TB supplementation (CONT+TB; n = 16), (4) containing 6.7% C8:0 and 6.4% C10:0 with 0.6% TB supplementation (MCT+TB; n = 16). The MR were offered at 600 g/d (powder basis) from 8 to 14 d, up to 1,300 g/d from 15 to 21 d, 1,400 g/d from 22 to 49 d, down to 700 g/d from 50 to 56 d, 600 g/d from 57 to 63 d, and weaned at 64 d of age. All calves were fed calf starter, chopped hay, and water ad libitum. The data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA via the fit model procedure of JMP Pro 16 (SAS Institute Inc.). Medium-chain fatty acid supplementation did not affect the total dry matter intake. However, calves that were fed MCT had greater feed efficiency (gain/feed) before weaning (0.74 ± 0.098 vs. 0.71 ± 0.010 kg/kg) compared with non-MCT calves. The MCT calves also had a lower incidence of diarrhea compared with non-MCT calves during 23 to 49 d of age and the weaning period (50 to 63 d of age; 9.2% vs. 18.5% and 10.5% vs. 17.2%, respectively). Calves fed with TB had a greater total dry matter intake during postweaning (3,465 vs. 3,232 g/d). Calves fed TB also had greater body weight during the weaning (90.7 ± 0.97 vs. 87.9 ± 1.01 kg) and postweaning period (116.5 ± 1.47 vs. 112.1 ± 1.50 kg) compared with that of non-TB calves. The plasma metabolites and hormone concentrations were not affected by MCT or TB. These results suggest that MCT and TB supplementation in the MR may improve the growth performance and gut health of dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Murayama
- Dairy Technology Research Institute, National Federation of Dairy Co-operative Associations (Zen-Raku-Ren), Nishi-shirakawa, Fukushima, Japan 969-0223; Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8528
| | - T Fukui
- Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8528
| | - S Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0901
| | - K Sakamoto
- YP Tech Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 100-0004
| | - K Inouchi
- Dairy Technology Research Institute, National Federation of Dairy Co-operative Associations (Zen-Raku-Ren), Nishi-shirakawa, Fukushima, Japan 969-0223
| | - T Sugino
- Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8528.
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Fousekis FS, Mitselos IV, Christodoulou DK. New insights into intestinal failure-associated liver disease in adults: A comprehensive review of the literature. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3-12. [PMID: 33642350 PMCID: PMC8083246 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_551_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) remains one of the most common and serious complications of parenteral nutrition (PN), causing a wide spectrum of hepatic manifestations from steatosis and mild cholestasis to portal hypertension and end-stage liver failure. The prevalence of IFALD depends on the diagnostic criteria and ranges from 4.3% to 65%. Moreover, many factors are shown to contribute to its development, including nutrient deficiencies, toxicity of PN, infections, and alterations of bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota. Prevention and management of IFALD aim at ameliorating or eliminating the risk factors associated with IFALD. The use of PN formulations with a lower ratio omega-6-to-omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, cycle PN, optimization of enteral stimulation and prevention and early treatment of infections constitute the main therapeutic targets. However, failure of improvement and severe IFALD with end-stage liver failure should be considered as the indications of intestinal transplantation. The aim of this review is to provide an update of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of IFALD in the adult population as well as to present a clinical approach of the therapeutic strategies of IFALD and present novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios S. Fousekis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis V. Mitselos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K. Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece,Address for correspondence: Prof. Dimitrios K. Christodoulou, Professor of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, POBox 1186, Ioannina 45110, Greece. E-mail:
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Inabu Y, Murayama K, Inouchi K, Sugino T. The effect of tributyrin supplementation to milk replacer on plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 concentrations in pre-weaning calves. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1185-1192. [PMID: 31282115 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tributyrin (TB) supplementation to milk replacer (MR) on performance, health, and blood concentrations of metabolite and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2) in pre-weaning calves. Twenty Holstein heifer calves were raised on an intensified nursing program using MR supplemented with either palm oil (CON) or TB (TB) at 0.3% (as fed basis) for 7 weeks starting 1 week after birth. Calves were fed a calf starter and kleingrass from the beginning of the study. Blood samples were obtained weekly to measure blood glucose, serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and plasma GLP-2 concentrations. Starter DMI and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were lower in TB calves at 46, 47, from 49 to 55 days after birth compared with the CON calves. However, any growth parameters were not affected by TB treatment. Blood glucose, serum BHBA, and IGF-1 concentrations were not affected by TB supplementation. On the other hand, mean plasma GLP-2 concentration among whole experimental period was higher for TB (0.60 ng/ml) compared with CON (0.41 ng/ml). In conclusion, feeding MR supplemented with TB increases plasma GLP-2 concentration, which might counterbalance the growth performance of TB calves despite the decreased ME intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Inabu
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kyotaro Murayama
- Feed-Livestock and Guidance Department, Dairy Technology Research Institute, The National Federation of Dairy Co-operative Associations (ZEN-RAKU-REN), Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Inouchi
- Feed-Livestock and Guidance Department, Dairy Technology Research Institute, The National Federation of Dairy Co-operative Associations (ZEN-RAKU-REN), Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Onishi S, Kaji T, Yamada W, Nakame K, Machigashira S, Kawano M, Yano K, Harumatsu T, Yamada K, Masuya R, Kawano T, Mukai M, Hamada T, Souda M, Yoshioka T, Tanimoto A, Ieiri S. Ghrelin stimulates intestinal adaptation following massive small bowel resection in parenterally fed rats. Peptides 2018; 106:59-67. [PMID: 29966680 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients face life-threatening conditions, the development of therapeutic strategies to induce intestinal adaptation has been investigated. Ghrelin, a ligand of growth hormone (GH) secretagogue-receptor that stimulates the release of GH and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), has several pleiotropic effects. We investigated whether ghrelin induces intestinal adaptation in parenterally fed rats with SBS. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent venous catheterization and were divided into 3 groups: those receiving 90% small bowel resection while leaving the proximal jejunum and distal ileum (90% SBR) with TPN (SBS/TPN group), those receiving 90% SBR with TPN + ghrelin (SBS/TPN/ghrelin group), and those receiving sham operation and fed chow (sham group). Ghrelin was administered intravenously at 10 μg/kg/day. On Day 13, the rats were euthanized and the small intestine harvested, and the histology and crypt cell proliferation rates (CCPR), apoptosis, and nutrient transporter protein levels were analyzed and the plasma hormones were measured. RESULTS The villus height and crypt depth of the ileum in the SBS/TPN/ghrelin group were significantly higher than in the SBS/TPN group. The CCPR of the jejunum and the ileum significantly increased by the administration of ghrelin; however, the apoptosis rates did not significantly differ between the SBS/TPN and SBS/TPN/ghrelin groups. Significant differences did not exist in the plasma IGF-1 and nutrient transporter protein levels among three groups. CONCLUSIONS The intravenous administration of ghrelin stimulated the morphological intestinal adaptation of the ileum to a greater degree than the jejunum due to the direct effect of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Onishi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Kaji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Waka Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakame
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Seiro Machigashira
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Masato Kawano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Toshio Harumatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Ryuta Masuya
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Motoi Mukai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Taiji Hamada
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Masakazu Souda
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan; Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takako Yoshioka
- National Center for Children Health and Development, Pathology, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Japan.
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Zhang Q, Liu M, Li S, Xu Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Fei Z, Huang W, Sun H. Oral Bifidobacterium longum expressing GLP-2 improves nutrient assimilation and nutritional homeostasis in mice. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 145:87-92. [PMID: 29329748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium has been developed for the oral delivery of peptides and has the added beneficial effect on our bodies through its probiotic properties. Here, we utilize Bifidobacterium as a delivery system to orally deliver Glucagon like peptide-2 (GLP-2). We constructed vector derived from pET-31b(+) to construct a Bifidobacterium longum expressing GLP-2. We then determined the bioactivity of recombinant Bifidobacterium in Caco-2 cells. Finally, we quantified newly synthesized ApoB48 and chylomicron production in mice infused with exogenous GLP-2 or Bifidobacterium expressing GLP-2. Results based on secretion of the triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-ApoB48 and secretion of chylomicron revealed that recombinant Bifidobacterium was efficient in treating intestinal dysfunction,suggesting an alternative way to use Bifidobacterium as a delivery system to deliver GLP-2 for gastrointestinal nutrition coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mengge Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenrui Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhengbin Fei
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Abot A, Cani PD, Knauf C. Impact of Intestinal Peptides on the Enteric Nervous System: Novel Approaches to Control Glucose Metabolism and Food Intake. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 29988396 PMCID: PMC6023997 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is one of the most important sources of bioactive peptides in the body. In addition to their direct actions in the brain and/or peripheral tissues, the intestinal peptides can also have an impact on enteric nervous neurons. By modifying the endogenousproduction of these peptides, one may expect modify the "local" physiology such as glucose absorption, but also could have a "global" action via the gut-brain axis. Due to the various origins of gut peptides (i.e., nutrients, intestinal wall, gut microbiota) and the heterogeneity of enteric neurons population, the potential physiological parameters control by the interaction between the two partners are multiple. In this review, we will exclusively focus on the role of enteric nervous system as a potential target of gut peptides to control glucose metabolism and food intake. Potential therapeutic strategies based on per os administration of gut peptides to treat type 2 diabetes will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abot
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Paris, France
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Toulouse, France
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Claude Knauf,
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Connor EE, Evock-Clover CM, Walker MP, Elsasser TH, Kahl S. COMPARATIVE GUT PHYSIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Comparative physiology of glucagon-like peptide-2: Implications and applications for production and health of ruminants. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:492-501. [PMID: 26020740 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of proglucagon by prohormone convertase 1/3 in enteroendocrine L cells. Studies conducted in humans, in rodent models, and in vitro indicate that GLP-2 is secreted in response to the presence of molecules in the intestinal lumen, including fatty acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and bile acids, which are detected by luminal chemosensors. The physiological actions of GLP-2 are mediated by its G protein-coupled receptor expressed primarily in the intestinal tract on enteric neurons, enteroendocrine cells, and myofibroblasts. The biological activity of GLP-2 is further regulated by dipeptidyl peptidase IV, which rapidly cleaves the N-terminus of GLP-2 that is responsible for GLP-2 receptor activation. Within the gut, GLP-2 increases nutrient absorption, crypt cell proliferation, and mesenteric blood flow and decreases gut permeability and motility, epithelial cell apoptosis, and inflammation. Outside the gut, GLP-2 reduces bone resorption, can suppress appetite, and is cytoprotective in the lung. Thus, GLP-2 has been studied intensively as a therapeutic to improve intestinal function of humans during parenteral nutrition and following small bowel resection and, more recently, as a treatment for osteoporosis and obesity-related disorders and to reduce cellular damage associated with inflammation of the gut and lungs. Recent studies demonstrate that many biological actions and properties of GLP-2 in ruminants are similar to those in nonruminants, including the potential to reduce intestinal nitro-oxidative stress in calves caused by parasitic diseases such as coccidiosis. Because of its beneficial impacts on nutrient absorption, gut healing, and normal gut development, GLP-2 therapy offers significant opportunities to improve calf health and production efficiency. However, GLP-2 therapies require an extended time course to achieve desired physiological responses, as well as daily administration because of the hormone's short half-life. Thus, practical means of administration and alternative strategies to enhance basal GLP-2 secretion (e.g., through specific feed additives), which are more likely to achieve consumer acceptance, are needed. Opportunities to address these challenges are discussed.
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Lim DW, Wales PW, Mi S, Yap JYK, Curtis JM, Mager DR, Mazurak VC, Wizzard PR, Sigalet DL, Turner JM. Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Alters Bile Acid Metabolism in Parenteral Nutrition--Associated Liver Disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015. [PMID: 26220199 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115595596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to study the mechanisms underlying our previous finding that exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) treatment in a preclinical model of neonatal parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) improves cholestasis. METHODS Neonatal piglets received 17 days of parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy and either saline control (PN/Saline n = 8) or GLP-2 treatment at 11 nmol/kg/d (PN/GLP-2, n = 7). At terminal laparotomy, bile and liver samples were collected. The relative gene expression of enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis, regulation, and transport was measured in liver by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bile acid composition in bile was determined using tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. RESULTS GLP-2 increased the expression of bile acid export genes: multidrug resistance-associated proteins 2 (MRP2) (P = .002) and 3 (MRP3) (P = .037) over saline control. GLP-2 increased expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) (P < .001) and CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) (P = .03). GLP-2 treatment was associated with decreased concentrations of taurohyocholic acid and conjugates of toxic lithocholic acid (P < .01). GLP-2 treatment increased the liver bile acid content. CONCLUSIONS GLP-2 treatment was associated with alterations in the hepatic expression of genes involved in bile acid metabolism. The transcriptomic results indicate the mechanisms at the transcriptional level acting to regulate bile acid synthesis and increase bile acid export. Differences in bile acid profiles further support a beneficial role for GLP-2 therapy in PNALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Lim
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W Wales
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children & University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Si Mi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason Y K Yap
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diana R Mager
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pamela R Wizzard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David L Sigalet
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justine M Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Lim DW, Wales PW, Josephson JK, Nation PN, Wizzard PR, Sergi CM, Field CJ, Sigalet DL, Turner JM. Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Improves Cholestasis in Parenteral Nutrition--Associated Liver Disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014; 40:14-21. [PMID: 25280755 DOI: 10.1177/0148607114551968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates with intestinal failure. Although glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is being advanced as therapy, the effect of GLP-2 treatment on PNALD is unknown. We aim to investigate the effect of exogenous GLP-2 administration on hepatic function in a neonatal piglet model of PNALD. METHODS Neonatal piglets (aged 2-6 days) underwent jugular venous catheterization to receive isonitrogenous, isocaloric parenteral nutrition (PN). Piglets were allocated to 2 groups: group 1 (n = 8) received saline while group 2 (n = 7) received GLP-2 (at 11 nmol/kg/d). After 17 days, piglets underwent terminal laparotomy, and bile flow was measured. Liver specimens were analyzed histologically and with immunoperoxidase staining. Age-matched sow-reared control piglets (group 3, n = 8) were used for comparison. RESULTS Both groups 1 and 2 receiving PN developed cholestasis relative to sow-reared controls, as evidenced by a decrease in bile flow and increase in serum total bilirubin. However, group 2 had improved bile flow (1.35 vs 0.73 µL/g; P = .02) and diminished bilirubin (38.0 vs 78.5 µmol/L; P = .008) compared with group 1. Group 2 also had lower serum alanine aminotransferase levels, a marker of liver injury. Histologically, the liver specimens in group 1 had marked hepatocyte pigmentation, which was decreased in group 2 specimens. CONCLUSIONS The exogenous administration of GLP-2 is associated with the improvement of cholestasis and liver injury. This study introduces a novel role for GLP-2 in improving PNALD in the setting of prolonged PN duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Lim
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W Wales
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children & University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Patrick N Nation
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pamela R Wizzard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David L Sigalet
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justine M Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Castañeda-Gutiérrez E, Moser M, García-Ródenas C, Raymond F, Mansourian R, Rubio-Aliaga I, Viguet-Carrin S, Metairon S, Ammon-Zufferey C, Avanti-Nigro O, Macé K, Silva-Zolezzi I. Effect of a mixture of bovine milk oligosaccharides, Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCC4007 and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on catch-up growth of intra-uterine growth-restricted rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:161-73. [PMID: 23834457 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of a nutritional mixture (bovine milk oligosaccharides, Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCC4007, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid) on growth of intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) rats. METHODS IUGR was induced by maternal food restriction. The offspring (males and females) were assigned to: REF (non-IUGR, no mixture), IUGRc (IUGR, no mixture), or IUGRmx (IUGR, mixture). The mixture was given from day 7 to day 58, when tissues and plasma from half of the animals were collected for hormones, metabolites and microarray analysis. The rest received a high-fat diet (HFD) until day 100. Glucose tolerance was measured at 56 and 98 days, and body fat content at 21, 52 and 97 days. RESULTS IUGRmx had the greatest growth during lactation, but from day 22 to day 54, both IUGR groups gained less body weight than the REF (P < 0.05). In the short-term (58 days), IUGRmx tended to be longer (P = 0.06) and had less body fat (P = 0.03) than IUGRc. These differences were not seen after HFD. Microarray analysis of hepatic mRNA expression at 58 and 100 days revealed a gender-dependent treatment effect, and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism was the most affected. Twelve of these genes were selected for studying differences in DNA methylation in the promoter region, for some, we observed age- and gender-related differences but none because of treatment. CONCLUSION The nutritional intervention promoted catch-up growth and normalized excessive adiposity in IUGR animals at short-term. The benefits did not extend after a period of HFD. IUGR and early diet had gender-dependent effects on hepatic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Moser
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - C. García-Ródenas
- Department of Nutrition and Health; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - F. Raymond
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - R. Mansourian
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - I. Rubio-Aliaga
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - S. Viguet-Carrin
- Department of Nutrition and Health; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - S. Metairon
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - C. Ammon-Zufferey
- Department of Nutrition and Health; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - O. Avanti-Nigro
- Department of Nutrition and Health; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - K. Macé
- Department of Nutrition and Health; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - I. Silva-Zolezzi
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences; Nestlé Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
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Marathe CS, Rayner CK, Jones KL, Horowitz M. Glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 in health and disease: a review. Peptides 2013; 44:75-86. [PMID: 23523778 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut derived peptides, glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2), are secreted following nutrient ingestion. GLP-1 and another gut peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are collectively referred to as 'incretin' hormones, and play an important role in glucose homeostasis. Incretin secretion shares a complex interdependent relationship with both postprandial glycemia and the rate of gastric emptying. GLP-1 based therapies are now well established in the management of type 2 diabetes, while recent literature has suggested potential applications to treat obesity and protect against cardiovascular and neurological disease. The mechanism of action of GLP-2 is not well understood, but it shows promise as an intestinotropic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay S Marathe
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
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Muto M, Kaji T, Mukai M, Nakame K, Yoshioka T, Tanimoto A, Matsufuji H. Ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-2 increase immediately following massive small bowel resection. Peptides 2013; 43:160-6. [PMID: 23517879 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Children with short bowel syndrome face life-threatening complications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new therapy to induce effective adaptation of the remnant intestine. Adaptation occurs only during feeding. We focused on preprandial acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin, and postprandial glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), which are known to have active orexigenic and trophic actions. This study aims to clarify the secretion trends of these hormones after massive small bowel resection and to obtain basic data for developing a new treatment. Sixty-three growing male rats were used: 3 were designated as controls receiving no operation and 60 were randomized into the 80% small bowel resection (80% SBR) group and the transection and re-anastomosis group. Changes in body weight, food intake, and remnant intestine morphology were also assessed for 15 days after the operation. Acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin levels increased immediately, equivalently in both operation groups (P=0.09 and 0.70). Interestingly, in 80% SBR animals, des-acyl ghrelin peaked on day 1 and acyl ghrelin peaked on day 4 (P=0.0007 and P=0.049 vs controls). GLP-2 secretion was obvious in 80% SBR animals (P=2.25×10(-6)), which increased immediately and peaked on day 4 (P=0.009 vs. controls). Body weight and food intake in 80% SBR animals recovered to preoperative levels on day 4. Morphological adaptations were evident after day 4. Our results may suggest a management strategy to reinforce these physiological hormone secretion patterns in developing a new therapy for short bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Muto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 8908520, Japan
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Bravo DM. NONRUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Nutrient and neuroendocrine regulation of gastrointestinal function1. J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-5048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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