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Salgado Pardo JI, González Ariza A, Navas González FJ, León Jurado JM, Díaz Ruiz E, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. Discriminant canonical analysis as a tool for genotype traceability testing based on turkey meat and carcass traits. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1326519. [PMID: 38425837 PMCID: PMC10902079 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1326519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to develop a statistical tool for turkey breed traceability testing based on meat and carcass quality characteristics. To this end, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed, collecting data from a total of 75 studies approaching meat and carcass attributes of 37 turkey strains and landraces since the late 1960s. A total of 22 meat and carcass traits were considered variables, grouped in the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, colorimetry, water-capacity traits, texture-related attributes, and nutritional composition of the meat. Once the multicollinearity analysis allowed the deletion of redundant variables, cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, muscle fiber diameter, sex-female, carcass/piece weight, meat redness, ashes, pH24, meat lightness, moisture, fat, and water-holding capacity showed explanatory properties in the discriminating analysis (p < 0.05). In addition, strong positive and negative correlations were found among those variables studied. Carcass traits were positively associated, particularly slaughter weight and cold carcass weight (+0.561). Among meat physical traits, pH showed positive correlations with drip loss (+0.490) and pH24 (+0.327), and water-holding capacity was positively associated with cholesterol (+0.434) and negatively associated with collagen (-0.398). According to nutritional traits, fat and ash showed a strong correlation (+0.595), and both were negatively associated with moisture (-0.375 and -0.498, respectively). Strong negative correlations were found as well between meat protein and fat (-0.460) and between collagen and cholesterol (-0.654). Finally, the Mahalanobis distance suggested a clustering pattern based on meat and carcass characteristics that report information about interbreeding and variety proximity. This study establishes a departure point in the development of a tool for breed traceability guaranteeing aimed at enhancing distinguished, local breed-based turkey meat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Agropecuary Provincial Centre, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Esther Díaz Ruiz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo
- Department of Agriculture and Ecological Husbandry, Area of Agriculture and Environment, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
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Salgado Pardo JI, Navas González FJ, González Ariza A, León Jurado JM, Galán Luque I, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. Study of Meat and Carcass Quality-Related Traits in Turkey Populations through Discriminant Canonical Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:3828. [PMID: 37893720 PMCID: PMC10606380 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed to determine the main differences in meat and carcass quality traits among turkey genotypes worldwide and describe the clustering patterns through the use of a discriminant canonical analysis (DCA). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 75 documents discussing carcass and meat characteristics in the turkey species was performed. Meat and carcass attributes of nine different turkey populations were collected and grouped in terms of the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, color-related traits, water-retaining characteristics, texture-related traits, and meat chemical composition. The Bayesian ANOVA analysis reported that the majority of variables statistically differed (p < 0.05), and the multicollinearity analysis revealed the absence of redundancy problems among variables (VIF < 5). The DCA reported that cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, sex-male, carcass/piece weight, and the protein and fat composition of meat were the traits explaining variability among different turkey genotypes (Wilks' lambda: 0.488, 0.590, 0.905, 0.906, 0.937, and 0.944, respectively). The combination of traits in the first three dimensions explained 94.93% variability among groups. Mahalanobis distances cladogram-grouped populations following a cluster pattern and suggest its applicability as indicative of a turkey genotype's traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Salgado Pardo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
- Agropecuary Provincial Centre, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | | | - Inés Galán Luque
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
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Castilho VAR, Komiyama CM, Burbarelli MFC, Fernandes AM, Garcia RG, Seno LO, Barbosa DK, Przybulinski BB, Serpa FC. Precision technologies for predictive diagnosis and study of the allometric growth of broiler chickens with breast myopathies. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:204-213. [PMID: 36169617 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2128989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. An experiment was carried out to validate techniques as predictive diagnostic tools for breast myopathies and to study the allometric growth of distinct parts of the body and meat quality of broilers.2. Infrared thermography was performed at 35 d of age. The surface temperatures of breasts of 300 birds were recorded, followed by ultrasound imaging.3. The birds were slaughtered and the cuts were made to weigh the body parts. Then, the breasts were evaluated as for the presence and severity of myopathies, from which nine treatments were established represented by the associated degrees of the myopathies white striping and wooden breast and breasts classified as normal.4. There was no difference in surface temperatures and echogenicity values between normal breasts and breasts affected by myopathies. At 35 d of age few fillets classified as normal were found.5. The breast showed late growth in relation to the body, regardless of characteristic lesions of myopathies. The most severe score of wooden breast affected meat quality variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A R Castilho
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - C M Komiyama
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - M F C Burbarelli
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - A M Fernandes
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - R G Garcia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - L O Seno
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - D K Barbosa
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - B B Przybulinski
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - F C Serpa
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
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4
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Chen JT, He PG, Jiang JS, Yang YF, Wang SY, Pan CH, Zeng L, He YF, Chen ZH, Lin HJ, Pan JM. In vivo prediction of abdominal fat and breast muscle in broiler chicken using live body measurements based on machine learning. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102239. [PMID: 36335741 PMCID: PMC9646972 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to predict the carcass characteristics of broilers using support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model methods. Data were obtained from 176 yellow feather broilers aged 100-day-old (90 males and 86 females). The input variables were live body measurements, including external measurements and B-ultrasound measurements. The predictors of the model were the weight of abdominal fat and breast muscle in male and female broilers, respectively. After descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, the datasets were randomly divided into train set and test set according to the ratio of 7:3 to establish the model. The results of this study demonstrated that it is feasible to use machine learning methods to predict carcass characteristics of broilers based on live body measurements. Compared with the ANN method, the SVR method achieved better prediction results, for predicting breast muscle (male: R2 = 0.950; female: R2 = 0.955) and abdominal fat (male: R2 = 0.802; female: R2 = 0.944) in the test set. Consequently, the SVR method can be considered to predict breast muscle and abdominal fat of broiler chickens, except for abdominal fat in male broilers. However, further revaluation of the SVR method is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tian Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng-Guang He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin-Song Jiang
- Hangzhou LightTalk Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Ye-Feng Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shou-Yi Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Zeng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye-Fan He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong-Jian Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin-Ming Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China,Corresponding author:
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Vanderhout RJ, Leishman EM, Abdalla EA, Barbut S, Wood BJ, Baes CF. Genetic Parameters of White Striping and Meat Quality Traits Indicative of Pale, Soft, Exudative Meat in Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Front Genet 2022; 13:842584. [PMID: 35309137 PMCID: PMC8927805 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.842584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of growth-related myopathies and abnormalities in turkey meat, the ability to include meat quality traits in poultry breeding strategies is an issue of key importance. In the present study, genetic parameters for meat quality traits and their correlations with body weight and meat yield were estimated using a population of purebred male turkeys. Information on live body, breast, thigh, and drum weights, breast meat yield, feed conversion ratio, breast lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*), ultimate pH, and white striping (WS) severity score were collected on 11,986 toms from three purebred genetic lines. Heritability and genetic and partial phenotypic correlations were estimated for each trait using an animal model with genetic line, hatch week-year, and age at slaughter included as fixed effects. Heritability of ultimate pH was estimated to be 0.34 ± 0.05 and a range of 0.20 ± 0.02 to 0.23 ± 0.02 for breast meat colour (L*, a*, and b*). White striping was also estimated to be moderately heritable at 0.15 ± 0.02. Unfavorable genetic correlations were observed between body weight and meat quality traits as well as white striping, indicating that selection for increased body weight and meat yield may decrease pH and increase the incidence of pale meat with more severe white striping. The results of this analysis provide insight into the effect of current selection strategies on meat quality and emphasize the need to include meat quality traits into future selection indexes for turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryley J. Vanderhout
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Emily M. Leishman
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Emhimad A. Abdalla
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shai Barbut
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. Wood
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Hybrid Turkeys, Kitchener, ON, Canada
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Christine F. Baes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christine F. Baes,
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Castilho VARD, Komiyama CM, Burbarelli MFC, Fernandes ARM, Garcia RG, Barbosa DK, Przybulinski BB, Serpa FC, Valentim JK, Leonardo RL. Techniques for in vivo assessment of myopathies in broiler chicken breasts using a biopsy as a support tool. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:477-489. [PMID: 34463592 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1970107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to validate non-invasive evaluation techniques as in vivo evaluation tools for the myopathies wooden breast and white striping that affect broilers, using biopsy as a support tool. It evaluated 30 Cobb 500® broiler chickens in a completely randomized design consisting of two sexes (males and females) and 15 replications per treatment. At 14, 21, 35, 42 and 49 days, the surface temperature of the birds' breasts was recorded using infrared thermography, analysis of fillet depth, and echogenicity by ultrasound imaging. All broiler chickens were sent for biopsy at 21, 35 and 42 days to collect a fragment of the pectoral muscle for descriptive morphological analyses of histological lesions and muscle fibre morphometry. Males had higher echogenicity values at 14, 21 and 42 days. There was no influence of bird sex on the occurrence of the wooden breast and white striping myopathies at 49 days of age in broilers selected and submitted to the biopsy protocol. There was a general trend of decreasing surface temperature for both sexes according to their age. Muscles with less area occupied with fibres had a lower surface temperature. It was concluded that ultrasonography with a 3.5 MHz transducer detects muscle changes after 28 days of age, which is consistent with the myopathic lesions studied. Infrared thermography is a potential method for detecting changes in breast temperature indicating myopathic lesions. A biopsy can be used as an auxiliary tool in the study of myopathies in broiler chicken breasts.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Detection of changes in the breast muscle after 28 days of age with ultrasonography.Changes in the surface temperature range of pectoral muscle with infrared thermography.Use of biopsy as a tool for early diagnostic evaluation in broiler myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Marie Komiyama
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - Deivid Kelly Barbosa
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Cardoso Serpa
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - Jean Kaique Valentim
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
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7
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Vieira SL, Simões CT, Kindlein L, Ferreira TZ, Soster P, Stefanello C. Progressive in vivo detection of wooden breast in broilers as affected by dietary energy and protein. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101120. [PMID: 33945893 PMCID: PMC8111248 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast (WB) myopathy was investigated in broilers fed varying energy and protein at early ages. Correlation analyses were conducted between echogenicity of ultrasound images (US) of breast muscle from live birds and WB after slaughter. A total of 1,000 Cobb 500 one-day-old male chicks were fed on five dietary programs with eight replicates of 25 birds each, in a completely randomized design. Control feeds (commercially used ME and ideally balanced amino acids) or low-density feeds (low EP, with reductions of 50 kcal/kg ME and 0.20% dig. Lys compared to the control) were formulated. Feeds were provided in different periods: 1 to 7 d, 8 to 14 d, 15 to 21 d or 22 to 28 d. All broilers were fed a common basal diet thereafter until 49 d. Images using US were obtained once a week from all individuals and WB scored from one slaughtered bird per replication (0, normal; 1, mild hardening in the upper breast muscle; 2; moderate hardening in the upper and/or lower breast muscle; 3, severe hardening; 4, severe hardening with hemorrhagic lesions and yellow fluid). Blood was collected for enzyme investigation from the weekly slaughtered bird. Broilers had lower BWG and higher FCR when fed low EP feeds, regardless of the period fed when compared to the control (P < 0.001). Growth compensation, however, occurred afterwards such that all birds presented similar performance at the end. At 14, 21, and 28 d, broilers previously fed low EP feeds had lower WB scores (P < 0.001) compared to birds fed the control; however, both groups presented increased WB scores after 28 d. Wooden breast was positively correlated with breast echogenicity at 21 d (r = 0.31), 28 d (r = 0.43), 35 d (r = 0.21) and 42 d (r = 0.39). In conclusion, dietary energy and protein affected the development of WB scores in broilers and breast US images can be used as an early predictor of WB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Vieira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - C T Simões
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L Kindlein
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T Z Ferreira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - P Soster
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C Stefanello
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Divergent selection for relative breast yield at 4 D posthatch and the effect on embryonic and early posthatch development. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2888-2894. [PMID: 32475421 PMCID: PMC7597652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selections for growth promotion in poultry have been highly successful in improving growth, yield, and feed conversion in the modern broiler. These selections have focused on the use of hypertrophy, the increase of muscle fiber size to improve growth. Muscle growth however is not limited solely to hypertrophy but is largely attributable to both hypertrophy and hyperplasia, the increase in muscle fiber number. As muscle fiber size has been theorized to reach an eventual physiological limit, it was determined to develop a novel method of selection focusing on hyperplasia. Divergent selection for 4-day relative breast yield (BY4) was chosen as it is believed to occur at point at which muscle cell number per gram is maximized and satellite cell activity is higher than later in life. Using a random bred control population, divergent selection was undergone for BY4. The 2 broiler lines divergently selected for BY4 are noted as the high and low BY4 lines, respectively (high 4-day breast yield and low 4-day breast yield). Heritability estimates for selection of 4-day breast percentage in the upward and downward directions were 0.63 and 0.44, respectively. Divergent selection resulted in clear divergence in BY4 and shows promise in utilizing BY4 to promote broiler growth and body composition.
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Dewez MF, Etourneau P, Lecompte F, Briere S, Froment P. Use of computed tomography to determine body composition of heavy strain turkey hens (Meleagris gallopavo) from rearing to early laying. Poult Sci 2018; 97:4093-4106. [PMID: 30085271 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection has improved the growth performance of poultry, but also influenced other metabolic parameters and physiological functions such as reproduction. To counter the negative effects of this enhanced development, modifications of the environment or diet are frequently used. As all animals are not equally sensitive and do not respond in the same way, the evolution of the body composition has got to be better characterized with non-invasive tools to reach a higher flock homogeneity and improve production yield. Thus, we have analyzed turkey breeder hens' body composition using computed tomography scan and measurements of biochemical markers from 16 to 34 wk old. During rearing, body weight was strongly correlated to muscle, fat, and bone volumes (r > 0.75), and increased with hen age until sexual maturity (31 wk). These correlations did not maintain after photostimulation was initiated (29 wk). Muscle volume linear regression with hen age resulted in a R² value of 0.626 over the whole trial study. Bone volume was better fitted by a quadratic regression (R² = 0.7) and was proportional to calcium plasma level evolution, both increasing after 28 wk of age. Conversely, fat volume quadratic regression (R² = 0.5) was symmetrical to triglyceride levels, the first decreasing notably at sexual maturity, the other increasing massively after 28 wk. Egg, yolk, and albumen weights increased with hen age, as did yolk triglyceride levels. In conclusion, computed tomography allows to investigate turkey breeders' body composition and bring new data in the genetic selection strategy. In addition, the evolution of the fat deposition and bone changes have been monitored over time and could help to optimize breeders' diet strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine F Dewez
- Hendrix Genetics Turkeys France SAS, 49290 Saint-Laurent-de-la-Plaine, France.,UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université de Tours/Haras Nationaux, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Patrice Etourneau
- Hendrix Genetics Turkeys France SAS, 49290 Saint-Laurent-de-la-Plaine, France
| | - François Lecompte
- Plateforme CIRE service Imagerie - UMR PRC Centre INRA Val de Loire France, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Sylvain Briere
- Hendrix Genetics Turkeys France SAS, 49290 Saint-Laurent-de-la-Plaine, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- UMR 7247 INRA/CNRS/Université de Tours/Haras Nationaux, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Lin FB, Zhu F, Hao JP, Yang FX, Hou ZC. In vivo prediction of the carcass fatness using live body measurements in Pekin ducks. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2365-2371. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Krautwald-Junghanns ME, Moerke-Schindler T, Vorbrüggen S, Cramer K. Radiography and Ultrasonography in the Backyard Poultry and Waterfowl Patient. J Avian Med Surg 2017; 31:189-197. [PMID: 28891693 DOI: 10.1647/2016-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The keeping of backyard poultry and waterfowl as pets has become increasingly popular in recent years, resulting in a rising case load of these patients in veterinary practices. Diagnostic imaging techniques are taking a leading role in rapid diagnosis in the live bird. We provide an overview of the most important points regarding radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging procedures in these birds. We also review the most commonly documented radiographic and ultrasonographic signs in these species, as well as discuss unique anatomic characteristics with which the veterinarian should be familiar.
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12
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Scholz AM, Bünger L, Kongsro J, Baulain U, Mitchell AD. Non-invasive methods for the determination of body and carcass composition in livestock: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound: invited review. Animal 2015; 9:1250-64. [PMID: 25743562 PMCID: PMC4492221 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately measure body or carcass composition is important for performance testing, grading and finally selection or payment of meat-producing animals. Advances especially in non-invasive techniques are mainly based on the development of electronic and computer-driven methods in order to provide objective phenotypic data. The preference for a specific technique depends on the target animal species or carcass, combined with technical and practical aspects such as accuracy, reliability, cost, portability, speed, ease of use, safety and for in vivo measurements the need for fixation or sedation. The techniques rely on specific device-driven signals, which interact with tissues in the body or carcass at the atomic or molecular level, resulting in secondary or attenuated signals detected by the instruments and analyzed quantitatively. The electromagnetic signal produced by the instrument may originate from mechanical energy such as sound waves (ultrasound - US), 'photon' radiation (X-ray-computed tomography - CT, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - DXA) or radio frequency waves (magnetic resonance imaging - MRI). The signals detected by the corresponding instruments are processed to measure, for example, tissue depths, areas, volumes or distributions of fat, muscle (water, protein) and partly bone or bone mineral. Among the above techniques, CT is the most accurate one followed by MRI and DXA, whereas US can be used for all sizes of farm animal species even under field conditions. CT, MRI and US can provide volume data, whereas only DXA delivers immediate whole-body composition results without (2D) image manipulation. A combination of simple US and more expensive CT, MRI or DXA might be applied for farm animal selection programs in a stepwise approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Scholz
- Livestock Center Oberschleißheim,
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich,
Sankt-Hubertusstrasse 12, 85764
Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - L. Bünger
- SRUC, Animal and Veterinary Sciences,
Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush,
Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG,
UK
| | - J. Kongsro
- Norsvin, Department of Animal and Aquacultural
Sciences, c/o Norwegian University of Life Sciences,
PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås,
Norway
| | - U. Baulain
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics,
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Hoeltystr.10,
31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | - A. D. Mitchell
- Agricultural Research Service (Retired), US Department of
Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-West,
Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Willems OW, Buddiger NJH, Wood BJ. Genetic analysis of production and feed efficiency traits in an Orlopp turkey line (Meleagris gallopavo). Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:715-9. [PMID: 25248125 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.966058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Genetic parameters for production and feed efficiency traits in the Orlopp line of turkeys were estimated to determine breeding goals and future potential of the line in a long-term genetic improvement programme. 2. Body weight, egg production and fertility traits were recorded and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was assessed from 16-20 weeks of age. 3. Moderate heritabilities were found for feed intake and body weight gain (0.25 to 0.31). Average FCR was 3.14, with heritability of 0.10. Body weight, breast conformation score and egg production traits showed moderate heritabilities (0.22 to 0.52), while both fertility and hatch of fertile eggs were low (0.04 and 0.09, respectively). 4. Genetic correlations between breast confirmation score, 10- and 18-week body weights were moderate, 0.50 and 0.45, respectively. Average egg weight also showed moderate genetic correlations with 10- and 18-week body weights (0.59 and 0.42).
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Affiliation(s)
- O W Willems
- a Centre for the Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
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