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Strong KM, Marasco KL, Invik J, Ganshorn H, Reid-Smith RJ, Waldner CL, Otto SJG, Kastelic JP, Checkley SL. Factors associated with antimicrobial resistant enterococci in Canadian beef cattle: A scoping review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1155772. [PMID: 37152689 PMCID: PMC10157153 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern, occurring when bacteria evolve to render antimicrobials no longer effective. Antimicrobials have important roles in beef production; however, the potential to introduce AMR to people through beef products is a concern. This scoping review identifies factors associated with changes in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus spp. applicable to the Canadian farm-to-fork beef continuum. Methods Five databases (MEDLINE, BIOSIS, Web of Science, Embase, and CAB Abstracts) were searched for articles published from January 1984 to March 2022, using a priori inclusion criteria. Peer-reviewed articles were included if they met all the following criteria: written in English, applicable to the Canadian beef production context, primary research, in vivo research, describing an intervention or exposure, and specific to Enterococcus spp. Results Out of 804 screened articles, 26 were selected for inclusion. The included articles discussed 37 factors potentially associated with AMR in enterococci, with multiple articles discussing at least two of the same factors. Factors discussed included antimicrobial administration (n = 16), raised without antimicrobials (n = 6), metal supplementation (n = 4), probiotics supplementation (n = 3), pen environment (n = 2), essential oil supplementation (n = 1), grass feeding (n = 1), therapeutic versus subtherapeutic antimicrobial use (n = 1), feeding wet distiller grains with solubles (n = 1), nutritional supplementation (n = 1) and processing plant type (n = 1). Results were included irrespective of their quality of evidence. Discussion Comparability issues arising throughout the review process were related to data aggregation, hierarchical structures, study design, and inconsistent data reporting. Findings from articles were often temporally specific in that resistance was associated with AMR outcomes at sampling times closer to exposure compared to studies that sampled at longer intervals after exposure. Resistance was often nuanced to unique gene and phenotypic resistance patterns that varied with species of enterococci. Intrinsic resistance and interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentration varied greatly among enterococcal species, highlighting the importance of caution when comparing articles and generalizing findings. Systematic Review Registration [http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113592].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M. Strong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- AMR—One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kayla M. Strong,
| | - Kaitlin L. Marasco
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jesse Invik
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heather Ganshorn
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard J. Reid-Smith
- AMR—One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Waldner
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Simon J. G. Otto
- AMR—One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada
- HEAT-AMR (Human-Environment-Animal Transdisciplinary Antimicrobial Resistance) Research Group, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John P. Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sylvia L. Checkley
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- AMR—One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Xu X, Wu X, Kuang H, Song S. Gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow strips for rapid and sensitive detection of Virginiamycin M1. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1763262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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Ceccato-Antonini SR. Conventional and nonconventional strategies for controlling bacterial contamination in fuel ethanol fermentations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:80. [PMID: 29802468 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol bio-production in Brazil has some unique characteristics that inevitably lead to bacterial contamination, which results in the production of organic acids and biofilms and flocculation that impair the fermentation yield by affecting yeast viability and diverting sugars to metabolites other than ethanol. The ethanol-producing units commonly give an acid treatment to the cells after each fermentative cycle to decrease the bacterial number, which is not always effective. An alternative strategy must be employed to avoid bacterial multiplication but must be compatible with economic, health and environmental aspects. This review analyzes the issue of bacterial contamination in sugarcane-based fuel ethanol fermentation, and the potential strategies that may be utilized to control bacterial growth besides acid treatment and antibiotics. We have emphasized the efficiency and suitability of chemical products other than acids and those derived from natural sources in industrial conditions. In addition, we have also presented bacteriocins, bacteriophages, and beneficial bacteria as non-conventional antimicrobial agents to mitigate bacterial contamination in the bioethanol industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Regina Ceccato-Antonini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Agricultural Microbiology, Department Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Sócio-Economia Rural, Centro de Ciencias Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Anhanguera km 174, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
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Chaney WE, Maloney R, Johnson BJ, Brooks JC, Brashears MM, Loneragan GH. Corn-Based Distillers' Grains in Diets for Feedlot Cattle Are Associated with the Burden of Escherichia coli O157 in Feces. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:398-405. [PMID: 29620957 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of distillers' grains (DGs) has been associated with increased prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle housed in research settings. Our objective was to quantify the relationship between inclusion of DGs in commercial feedlot rations and the burden of E. coli O157. A convenience sample of 10 feedlots was enrolled based on DG use in finishing diets; 1 cohort included 5 feedlots in which DGs were greater than 15% of the dietary dry matter and the other cohort consisted of 5 feedlots at a concentration less than 8%. Sampling occurred at each feedlot on four occasions at ∼6-week intervals. At each feedlot visit, 4 pens of cattle within 3 weeks of slaughter were selected and 24 freshly voided fecal pats were sampled. Ten-gram samples were enriched in 90 mL of modified tryptic soy broth with novobiocin (20 mg/L) for 14 h at 42°C. Enrichments were subjected to immunomagnetic separation, plating onto chromogenic agar with novobiocin (5 mg/L) and potassium tellurite (2.5 mg/L), incubation for 18 h at 37°C, and latex agglutination of morphologically typical colonies. E. coli O157 was recovered from 16.7% of 3840 samples. Adjusted prevalence was 14.3% after controlling for within-feedlot and within-pen clustering. Prevalence during each sampling period was 19.9% (round 1), 21.0% (round 2), 14.1% (round 3), and 11.7% (round 4). Prevalence varied between cohorts, but this difference varied over time (p = 0.06). Among those with greater than 15% of the diet as DGs, prevalence was greater than those with less than 8% inclusion for all rounds of sampling (p < 0.01). Averaged across time, prevalence was 23.9% and 9.4% for those with greater than 15% and those with less than 8% of DGs, respectively. While observational, these data provide real-world support of reports of increased E. coli O157:H7 burden associated with DG use in cattle diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Evan Chaney
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | - Rebecca Maloney
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | - J Chance Brooks
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mindy M Brashears
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | - Guy H Loneragan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
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Ge B, Domesle KJ, Yang Q, Young SR, Rice-Trujillo CL, Bodeis Jones SM, Gaines SA, Keller MW, Li X, Piñeiro SA, Whitney BM, Harbottle HC, Gilbert JM. Effects of low concentrations of erythromycin, penicillin, and virginiamycin on bacterial resistance development in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11017. [PMID: 28887450 PMCID: PMC5591201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distillers grains are co-products of the corn ethanol industry widely used in animal feed. We examined the effects of erythromycin, penicillin, and virginiamycin at low concentrations reflective of those detected in distillers grains on bacterial resistance selection. At 0.1 µg/ml erythromycin, macrolide-resistant mutants were induced in one Campylobacter coli and one Enterococcus faecium strain, while these strains plus three additional C. coli, one additional E. faecium, and one C. jejuni also developed resistance when exposed to 0.25 µg/ml erythromycin. At 0.5 µg/ml erythromycin, a total of eight strains (four Campylobacter and four Enterococcus) obtained macrolide-resistant mutants, including two strains from each genus that were not selected at lower erythromycin concentrations. For penicillin, three of five E. faecium strains but none of five Enterococcus faecalis strains consistently developed resistance at all three selection concentrations. Virginiamycin at two M1:S1 ratios did not induce resistance development in four out of five E. faecium strains; however, increased resistance was observed in the fifth one under 0.25 and 0.5 µg/ml virginiamycin selections. Although not yet tested in vivo, these findings suggest a potential risk of stimulating bacterial resistance development in the animal gut when distillers grains containing certain antibiotic residues are used in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Ge
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, USA.
| | - Kelly J Domesle
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, USA
| | - Qianru Yang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, USA
| | - Shenia R Young
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, USA
| | - Crystal L Rice-Trujillo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, USA
| | - Sonya M Bodeis Jones
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, USA
| | - Stuart A Gaines
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, USA
| | - Marla W Keller
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Surveillance and Compliance, Division of Animal Feeds, Rockville, Maryland, 20855, USA
| | - Xin Li
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Surveillance and Compliance, Division of Animal Feeds, Rockville, Maryland, 20855, USA
| | - Silvia A Piñeiro
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Division of Human Food Safety, Rockville, Maryland, 20855, USA
| | - Brooke M Whitney
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Division of Human Food Safety, Rockville, Maryland, 20855, USA
| | - Heather C Harbottle
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Division of Human Food Safety, Rockville, Maryland, 20855, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gilbert
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Division of Human Food Safety, Rockville, Maryland, 20855, USA
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Bessegatto JA, Paulino LR, Lisbôa JAN, Alfieri AA, Montemor CH, Medeiros LP, Kobayashi RKT, Weese JS, Costa MC. Changes in the fecal microbiota of beef cattle caused by change in management and the use of virginiamycin as a growth promoter. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:355-362. [PMID: 28675873 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several factors are known to affect the intestinal microbiota of cattle. However, how these changes occur over time is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of entrance into a feedlot and the effects of virginiamycin used as a growth promoter on the bovine fecal microbiota. Two batches of beef cattle (B1, n=50 and B2, n=36) entering a feedlot operation were randomly divided into two pens: one receiving virginiamycin and one group not receiving antibiotic (control group). Fecal samples were collected at arrival, mid feedlot and at exit to slaughter. The V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Escherichia coli strains isolated in samples from arrival and exit of B2 were also isolated and used as indicators of antimicrobial susceptibility. Marked changes in membership and structure of fecal microbiota occurred following entrance into the feedlot. At mid feedlot, virginiamycin affected bacterial community membership, but not structure, suggesting that the antibiotic had a stronger effect on the rare, but not on the most abundant species. The use of virginiamycin had no demonstrable effect on antibiotic resistance in E. coli. The differences found between batches are suggestive that variations in study conditions are important and can strongly affect the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís Resende Paulino
- Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcio Carvalho Costa
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Bischoff KM, Zhang Y, Rich JO. Fate of virginiamycin through the fuel ethanol production process. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:76. [PMID: 27038946 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are frequently used to prevent and treat bacterial contamination of commercial fuel ethanol fermentations, but there is concern that antibiotic residues may persist in the distillers grains coproducts. A study to evaluate the fate of virginiamycin during the ethanol production process was conducted in the pilot plant facilities at the National Corn to Ethanol Research Center, Edwardsville, IL. Three 15,000-liter fermentor runs were performed: one with no antibiotic (F1), one dosed with 2 parts per million (ppm) of a commercial virginiamycin product (F2), and one dosed at 20 ppm of virginiamycin product (F3). Fermentor samples, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and process intermediates (whole stillage, thin stillage, syrup, and wet cake) were collected from each run and analyzed for virginiamycin M and virginiamycin S using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Virginiamycin M was detected in all process intermediates of the F3 run. On a dry-weight basis, virginiamycin M concentrations decreased approximately 97 %, from 41 μg/g in the fermentor to 1.4 μg/g in the DDGS. Using a disc plate bioassay, antibiotic activity was detected in DDGS from both the F2 and F3 runs, with values of 0.69 μg virginiamycin equivalent/g sample and 8.9 μg/g, respectively. No antibiotic activity (<0.6 μg/g) was detected in any of the F1 samples or in the fermentor and process intermediate samples from the F2 run. These results demonstrate that low concentrations of biologically active antibiotic may persist in distillers grains coproducts produced from fermentations treated with virginiamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Bischoff
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- National Corn to Ethanol Research Center, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62025, USA
| | - Joseph O Rich
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
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Kim DH, Kim KH, Nam IS, Lee SS, Choi CW, Kim WY, Kwon EG, Lee KY, Lee MJ, Oh YK. Effect of indigenous herbs on growth, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics in the late fattening period of hanwoo steers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1562-8. [PMID: 25049742 PMCID: PMC4093822 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of indigenous herbal supplements on growth, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics in the late fattening period of Hanwoo steers. In a 6 month feeding trial, thirty Hanwoo steers (647±32 kg) were allotted to one of 5 treatment groups, control (basal diet contained lasalocid), licorice, clove, turmeric and silymarin, with six steers per pen. All groups received ad libitum concentrate and 1 kg rice straw/animal/d throughout the feeding trial. Blood samples were collected at the beginning, middle, and the end of the experiment and the steers were slaughtered at the end. Blood glucose, triglyceride, total protein, and albumin concentrations were higher in the turmeric treatment compared with other treatments. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were highest (p<0.003 and p = 0.071, respectively) in steers treated with silymarin. Alanine aminotransferase activity was lower (p<0.06) for licorice and silymarin compared with the control group. There were no alterations in serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase activities as a consequence of herb treatments (p = 0.203 and 0.135, respectively). Final body weight, body weight gain, average dairy gain and dry matter intake were not significantly different among treatments. Yield grade, marbling score and quality grade were higher for silymarin group than those of the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, the results suggest that silymarin can be used an effective dietary supplement as an alternative to antibiotic feed additive and a productivity enhancer, providing safe and more consumer acceptable alternative to synthetic compounds during the late fattening period of steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - I S Nam
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - C W Choi
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - W Y Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - E G Kwon
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - K Y Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M J Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - Y K Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
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