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Bharanidharan R, Thirugnanasambantham K, Kim J, Xaysana P, Viengsakoun N, Ibidhi R, Oh J, Kim NY, Beak SH, Smith SB, Kim KH. Supplementation with rumen-inert fat in the growing phase altered adipogenic gene expression and the size and number of adipocytes in Hanwoo steers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad315. [PMID: 37768168 PMCID: PMC10583981 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the provision of rumen-inert fat (RIF) to growing cattle (9 to 13 mo of age) would affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thereby affect the size and number of adipocytes of steers slaughtered at 30 mo of age. Thirty steers with an average initial body weight (BW) of 239 ± 25 kg were allocated to six pens, balanced for BW and genetic merit for marbling, and assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (only basal diet) or test diet (basal diet with 200 g of RIF per day, on an as-fed basis) for 5 mo. Biopsy samples of longissimus lumborum (LM) muscle were then collected for analysis of fatty acid composition and gene expression. Both groups were then fed the same basal diets during the early and late fattening phases, without RIF, until slaughter (average shrunk BW = 759 kg). Supplementation with RIF increased the longissimus thoracis (LT) intramuscular fatty acid concentration at slaughter (P = 0.087) and numerically increased the quality grade score (P = 0.106). The LM intramuscular relative mRNA expression of genes such as PPARα, ZFP423 and SREBP1, FASN, SCD, FABP4, GPAT1, and DGAT2 were downregulated (P < 0.1) following RIF supplementation. Supplementation of RIF decreased (P < 0.1) diameter and concomitantly increased intramuscular adipocytes per viewing section at slaughter. This likely was caused by promotion of triacylglycerol hydrolysis during the growing phase. Another possible explanation is that the relative mRNA expression of gene ATGL was upregulated by RIF supplementation during the growing (P < 0.1) and the fattening phases (P < 0.05), while the genes associated with fatty acid uptake (FABP4) and esterification (DGAT2) were downregulated during the growing phase and upregulated (P < 0.1) during the fattening phase. This implies that the lipid turnover rate was higher for steers during the growing than fattening phase. This study demonstrated that RIF supplementation during the growing phase induced a carryover effect on the lipogenic transcriptional regulation involved in adipocyte lipid content of intramuscular adipose tissue; increased triacylglycerol hydrolysis during the growing phase subsequently was followed by increased lipid accumulation during the fattening phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Bharanidharan
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Puducherry 605004, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Jayeon Kim
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Panyavong Xaysana
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Napasirth Viengsakoun
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane Capital, 856, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Ridha Ibidhi
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Joonpyo Oh
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Kim
- Asia Pacific Ruminant Institute, Icheon 17385, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
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Dias Junior PCG, dos Santos IJ, da Silva AL, de Assis RG, Vicente ACS, Carlis MS, Soares LC, Comelli JH, Biava JS, Araujo RC, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Essential oil from Arnica montana on feedlot performance, ingestive behavior, carcass characteristics, rumen morphometrics characteristics and meat fatty acids profile of lambs. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Performance and muscle lipogenesis of calves born to Nellore cows with different residual feed intake classification. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272236. [PMID: 35905086 PMCID: PMC9337683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate relationships among maternal residual feed intake (RFI) with growth performance and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in offspring of Nellore cattle. Fifty-three cows classified as negative or positive RFI by genomic prediction were exposed to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols at 2 and 3 years of age using semen from the same bull. In the first year, cows gestated under grazing conditions and nursed their calves in the feedlot. In the second year, the opposite occurred. Cows were weighed every 28 days during pregnancy and calves were weighed at birth and every 28 days until weaning. Ultrasound images were collected from the carcass of cows and calves. Muscle gene expression was evaluated in calves at birth and weaning. Data were analyzed by year considering the fixed effects of RFI class and FTAI protocol for variables measured in cows, and RFI class, FTAI protocol and sex for variables measured in calves. There was no effect of maternal RFI on calves performance in the first year. Lower expression of FABP4 gene and trend towards lower expression of SREBF1 and LPL genes were detected in samples collected after birth from calves born to negative RFI cows, indicating that adipogenesis was reduced during the fetal and neonatal period. In the second year, negative RFI cows had greater subcutaneous fat thickness than positive RFI cows, and their calves tended to be heavier at birth and to have less rump fat thickness at weaning. No significant differences in expression of genes studied were detected between cow RFI classes. Nellore cows classified as negative RFI consume less feed and produce calves whose growth potential is similar to that of calves produced by positive RFI cows.
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Ramírez-Zamudio GD, da Cruz WF, Schoonmaker JP, de Resende FD, Siqueira GR, Neto ORM, Gionbelli TR, Teixeira PD, Rodrigues LM, Gionbelli MP, Ladeira MM. Effect of rumen-protected fat on performance, carcass characteristics and beef quality of the progeny from Nellore cows fed by different planes of nutrition during gestation. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Maciel FC, Machado Neto OR, Duarte MS, Du M, Lage JF, Teixeira PD, Martins CL, Domingues EHR, Fogaça LA, Ladeira MM. Effect of vitamin A injection at birth on intramuscular fat development and meat quality in beef cattle. Meat Sci 2021; 184:108676. [PMID: 34656004 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate intramuscular fat and expression of genes in the muscle of Montana × Nellore treated with vitamin A at birth. We hypothesized that an injection of vitamin A after birth would increase marbling by increasing the expression of angiogenic, adipogenic, and lipogenic genes. Animals treated with vitamin A had greater marbling in the longissimus muscle (P = 0.05). The vitamin A treatment increased the expression of VEGFA gene at 40 days of age and at weaning and increased the expression of ZNF423 at weaning and at harvesting (P ≤ 0.03). The expression of WNT was higher (P = 0.01) at 40 days of age and at weaning in the animals treated with vitamin A. Vitamin A also increased the expression of SREBF1 at 40 days of age and at weaning (P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the administration of vitamin A to cattle at birth could be a way to increase carcass marbling without affecting the performance of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Maciel
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Otávio R Machado Neto
- Department of Animal Production, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo 18610-307, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Priscilla D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Cyntia L Martins
- Department of Animal Production, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo 18610-307, Brazil
| | - Edmilson H R Domingues
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Fogaça
- Department of Animal Production, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo 18610-307, Brazil
| | - Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil.
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Xiong L, Pei J, Wu X, Kalwar Q, Yan P, Guo X. Effect of Gender to Fat Deposition in Yaks Based on Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653188. [PMID: 34504837 PMCID: PMC8421605 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition in yaks plays an important part in survival, multiplication, and meat quality. In this work, the characteristic of fat deposition in male yaks (MYs) and female yaks (FYs) and the regulations of gender to yak fat deposition were explored by mRNA-Seq and non-targeted metabolomics analyses. FYs possessed a higher body fat rate (BFR) of visceral fat, fat content in longissimus dorsi (LD) and liver, and subcutaneous fat thickness (p < 0.05). The fat and cholesterol synthesis in liver and the fat transport in FY blood increased. The fat metabolism in yaks is the combined effect of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and an increase of triglyceride (TG) synthesis was accompanied by an increase of steroid synthesis. The high levels of myo-inositol and cortisol (COR) (p < 0.01) activated the calcium signaling in FY subcutaneous fat, followed by the increase of adipocyte secretion, and resulted in more leptin (LEP) secretion (p < 0.01). Then peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling was activated by the focal adhesions and ECM-receptor interaction. Finally, the TG and steroid synthesis increased by the expression regulation of ME1, SCD, ELOVL6, DGAT2, DBI, LPL, CPT1, PLIN1, LIPA, DHCR24, and SQLE gene. The above genes can be considered as the candidate genes for yak with higher fat amount in molecular breeding in the future. This study can provide a theoretical basis for improving the meat quality and breeding of yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qudratullah Kalwar
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Ping Yan
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Xiong L, Pei J, Chu M, Wu X, Kalwar Q, Yan P, Guo X. Fat Deposition in the Muscle of Female and Male Yak and the Correlation of Yak Meat Quality with Fat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072142. [PMID: 34359275 PMCID: PMC8300776 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the differences in fat deposition between female (FYs) and male yaks (MYs). Compared with MYs, the tenderness, L*, marbling, absolute content of fat, and most fatty acids (FAs) of longissimus dorsi (LD) in FYs were higher or better (p < 0.05), whereas the relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-3 PUFAs were lower (p < 0.01). The absolute content of fat, C18:0, cis-C18:2, cis-C18:1, and C24:0 were positively correlated with L*45 min, b*24 h, tenderness, and marbling score of LD in FYs and MYs (p < 0.05), respectively. LPL, FATP2, ELOVL6, HADH, HACD, and PLINS genes play a crucial role in improving the marbling score and tenderness of yak meat. The results of gene expression and protein synthesis showed the effect of gender to FA biosynthesis, FA transport, lipolysis, and FA oxidation in the adipose tissue of yak was realized by the expressions of ME1, SCD, ACSL5, LPL, FABP1, PLIN4, and PLIN2 in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling. This study established a theoretical basis for the improvement of the meat quality of yak and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (L.X.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (L.X.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Min Chu
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (L.X.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (L.X.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qudratullah Kalwar
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan;
| | - Ping Yan
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (L.X.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (X.G.); Tel.: +86-0931-2115288 (P.Y.); +86-0931-2115271 (X.G.)
| | - Xian Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (L.X.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (X.G.); Tel.: +86-0931-2115288 (P.Y.); +86-0931-2115271 (X.G.)
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Díaz Galván C, Méndez Olvera ET, Martínez Gómez D, Gloria Trujillo A, Hernández García PA, Espinosa Ayala E, Palacios Martínez M, Lara Bueno A, Mendoza Martínez GD, Velázquez Cruz LA. Influence of a Polyherbal Mixture in Dairy Calves: Growth Performance and Gene Expression. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:623710. [PMID: 33575280 PMCID: PMC7870704 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.623710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyherbal feed mixture containing (Achyrantes aspera, Trachyspermum ammi, Citrullus colocynthis, Andrographis paniculata, and Azadirachta indica) was evaluated in growing calves through blood chemistry, blood biometry, and gene expression during the pre-ruminant to weaning period. Forty Holstein calves (initial BW 45.6 ± 3.2 kg; 22.8 ± 0.9 days post birth) from a dairy farm were randomly assigned to the following treatments: 0, 3, 4, and 5 g/d of a polyherbal mixture, dosed in colloid gels with gelatin. Calves were housed in individual outdoor boxes with ad libitum access to a 21.5% CP calf starter and water and fed individually with a mixture of milk and a non-medicated milk replacer (22% CP). Blood samples were collected on day 59 for blood chemistry, blood biometry, and gene expression analysis in leukocyte through microarray assays. Immunoglobulins were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animals treated with the polyherbal mixture showed a quadratic effect on final body weight, daily weight gain, final hip height, and final thoracic girth. The best performance results were obtained with a treatment dose of 4 g/d. The serum IgG increased linearly with the treatment doses. Gene set enrichment analysis of upregulated genes revealed that the three biological processes with higher fold change were tight junction, mucin type O-Glycan biosynthesis, and intestinal immune network for IgA production. Also, these upregulated genes influenced arachidonic acid metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the pathways enriched were PELP1 estrogen receptor interacting protein pathways, nuclear receptors in lipid metabolism and toxicity, tight junction, ECM-receptor interaction, thyroid hormone signaling pathways, vascular smooth muscle contraction, ribosome function, glutamatergic synapse pathway, focal adhesion, Hippo, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Díaz Galván
- Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Estela Teresita Méndez Olvera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martínez Gómez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrián Gloria Trujillo
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Espinosa Ayala
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Amecameca, Mexico
| | - Monika Palacios Martínez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Germán David Mendoza Martínez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Antonelo D, Gómez J, Goulart R, Beline M, Cônsolo N, Corte R, Silva H, Ferrinho A, Pereira A, Gerrard D, Silva S. Performance, carcass traits, meat quality and composition of non-castrated Nellore and crossbred male cattle fed soybean oil. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Pewan SB, Otto JR, Huerlimann R, Budd AM, Mwangi FW, Edmunds RC, Holman BWB, Henry MLE, Kinobe RT, Adegboye OA, Malau-Aduli AEO. Genetics of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism and Meat Eating Quality in Tattykeel Australian White Lambs. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E587. [PMID: 32466330 PMCID: PMC7288343 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat eating quality with a healthy composition hinges on intramuscular fat (IMF), fat melting point (FMP), tenderness, juiciness, flavour and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) content. These health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA play significant roles in optimal cardiovascular, retinal, maternal and childhood brain functions, and include alpha linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and docosapentaenoic (DPA) acids. The primary objective of this review was to access, retrieve, synthesise and critically appraise the published literature on the synthesis, metabolism and genetics of n-3 LC-PUFA and meat eating quality. Studies on IMF content, FMP and fatty acid composition were reviewed to identify knowledge gaps that can inform future research with Tattykeel Australian White (TAW) lambs. The TAW is a new sheep breed exclusive to MARGRA brand of lamb with an outstanding low fat melting point (28-39°C), high n-3 LC-PUFA EPA+DHA content (33-69mg/100g), marbling (3.4-8.2%), tenderness (20.0-38.5N) and overall consumer liking (7.9-8.5). However, correlations between n-3 LC-PUFA profile, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN), other lipogenic genes and meat quality traits present major knowledge gaps. The review also identified research opportunities in nutrition-genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of the genetics of n-3 LC-PUFA, feedlot finishing performance, carcass traits and eating quality in the TAW sheep. It was concluded that studies on IMF, FMP and n-3 LC-PUFA profiles in parental and progeny generations of TAW sheep will be foundational for the genetic selection of healthy lamb eating qualities and provide useful insights into their correlations with SCD, FASN and FABP4 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedrach Benjamin Pewan
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Private Mail Bag 01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John Roger Otto
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (R.H.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Alyssa Maree Budd
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (R.H.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Felista Waithira Mwangi
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Richard Crawford Edmunds
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
| | | | - Michelle Lauren Elizabeth Henry
- Gundagai Meat Processors, 2916 Gocup Road, South Gundagai, New South Wales 2722, Australia;
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robert Tumwesigye Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Oyelola Abdulwasiu Adegboye
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;
| | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
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Nowacka-Woszuk J. Nutrigenomics in livestock-recent advances. J Appl Genet 2019; 61:93-103. [PMID: 31673964 PMCID: PMC6968980 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-019-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the effects of nutrients on genome functioning, in terms of gene transcription, protein levels, and epigenetic mechanisms, is referred to as nutrigenomics. Nutrigenomic studies in farm animals, as distinct from rodents, are limited by the high cost of keeping livestock, their long generational distance, and ethical aspects. Yet farm animals, and particularly pigs, can serve as valuable animal models for human gastrological diseases, since they possess similar size, physiology, and nutritional habits and can develop similar pathological states. In livestock, the effects of dietary modifications have mostly been studied with reference to effective breeding and their influence on production traits and animal health. The majority of such studies have looked at the impact of various sources and quantities of fat and protein, supplementation with microelements, and plant-derived additives. The period of life of the animal—whether prenatal, neonatal, or mature—is typically considered when a modified diet is used. This review presents a summary of recent nutrigenomic studies in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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12
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Reis VA, Reis RA, Araújo TLDRD, Lage JF, Teixeira PD, Gionbelli TRS, Lanna DP, Ladeira MM. Performance, beef quality and expression of lipogenic genes in young bulls fed low-fat dried distillers grains. Meat Sci 2019; 160:107962. [PMID: 31683256 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two studies were carried out, the first with the objective to evaluate performance, beef quality and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of bulls fed with or without low-fat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS, 21% DM) in the diet. In the second, eight rumen-fistulated bulls were assigned in a switch back design to evaluate the fatty acid profile of omasal fluid. We hypothesized that bulls fed DDGS may have an improved fatty acid profile and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism may be altered, without affecting performance. Bulls fed DDGS had greater (P < .05) concentrations of PUFA n-6 in the omasum and muscle. CLA t10, c12 content was higher and there was lower expression of the LPL gene (P = .05) in the muscle of animals fed DDGS (P = .03). In conclusion, DDGS can be used as a protein feedstuff because it maintains beef quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Amin Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14.884-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscilla Dutra Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Dante Pazzanese Lanna
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Machado Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil.
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Abstract
The present review will present the recent published results and discuss the main effects of nutrients, mainly fatty acids, on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. In this sense, the review focuses in two phases: prenatal life and finishing phase, showing how nutrients can modulate gene expression affecting marbling and fatty acid profile in meat from ruminants. Adiposity in ruminants starts to be affected by nutrients during prenatal life when maternal nutrition affects the differentiation and proliferation of adipose cells enhancing the marbling potential. Therefore, several fetal programming studies were carried out in the last two decades in order to better understand how nutrients affect long-term expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In addition, during the finishing phase, marbling becomes largely dependent on starch digestion and glucose metabolism, being important to create alternatives to increase these metabolic processes, and modulates gene expression. Different lipid sources and their fatty acids may also influence the expression of genes responsible to encode enzymes involved in fat tissue deposition, influencing meat quality. In conclusion, the knowledge shows that gene expression is a metabolic factor affecting marbling and fatty acid profile in ruminant meat and diets and their nutrients have direct effect on how these genes are expressed.
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14
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Yang C, Liu J, Wu X, Bao P, Long R, Guo X, Ding X, Yan P. The response of gene expression associated with lipid metabolism, fat deposition and fatty acid profile in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Gannan yaks to different energy levels of diets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187604. [PMID: 29121115 PMCID: PMC5679530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy available from the diet, which affects fat deposition in vivo, is a major factor in the expression of genes regulating fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Providing high-energy diets to yaks might increase intramuscular fat deposition and fatty acid concentrations under a traditional grazing system in cold seasons. A total of fifteen adult castrated male yaks with an initial body weight 274.3 ± 3.14 kg were analyzed for intramuscular adipose deposition and fatty acid composition. The animals were divided into three groups and fed low-energy (LE: 5.5 MJ/kg), medium-energy (ME: 6.2 MJ/kg) and high-energy (HE: 6.9 MJ/kg) diets, respectively. All animals were fed ad libitum twice daily at 08:00–09:00 am and 17:00–18:00 pm and with free access to water for 74 days, including a 14-d period to adapt to the diets and the environment. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content, fatty acid profile and mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were determined. The energy levels of the diets significantly (P<0.05) affected the content of IMF, total SFA, total MUFA and total PUFA. C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1n9c account for a large proportion of total fatty acids. Relative expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was greater in HE than in LE yaks (P<0.05). Moreover, ME yaks had higher (P<0.05) mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, ACACA, FASN, SCD and FABP4 than did the LE yaks. The results demonstrate that the higher energy level of the diets increased IMF deposition and fatty acid content as well as increased intramuscular lipogenic gene expression during the experimental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pastoral Agricultural Ecosystem, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Long
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RL); (XG); (XD); (PY)
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RL); (XG); (XD); (PY)
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RL); (XG); (XD); (PY)
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RL); (XG); (XD); (PY)
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15
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Dalrymple BP, Guo B. TRIENNIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Intramuscular fat deposition in ruminants and pigs: A transcriptomics perspective. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2272-2283. [PMID: 28727003 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomics era has led to an explosion in the study of gene expression in production animals. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content (both high and low) and composition are major quality attributes of meat, and more than 90 transcriptomic studies of IMF deposition have been undertaken in the ruminants and pigs since 2001, with the majority since 2008. The studies have implicated many genes involved in the control of adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and deposition of IMF, but there is relatively little consistency between the different studies. However, the genes encoding the synthesis enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase; the fatty acid binding protein 4; the potential signaling protein thyroid hormone responsive; and the regulators C/EBPα, PPARγ, and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 are supported by 5 or more of the 90 studies. By combining the results of all the studies, complete pathways for long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) and triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis are identified, as are a number of genes encoding proteins probably associated with the storage of TAG and genes encoding a number of known and potential adipokines. In contrast, support for the association of lipolytic pathways with IMF percentage is less strong. Differences in experimental design-in particular, the age of the animals, the rate of IMF deposition at sampling, the past nutritional history of the animals used, and the complexities of using a tissue with mixed cell types-have contributed to the differences in results and interpretation. Biomarkers predictive of future IMF percentage, facilitating reaching optimal IMF content at slaughter, may have industry utility, but to be useful in animal biopsy and postslaughter samples, where multiple cell types are present, genes must be carefully chosen to ensure that they are informative about the expected processes. Despite these problems, candidate biomarkers for estimation of de novo intramuscular adipocyte LCFA synthesis, LCFA uptake rate by intramuscular adipocytes, and IMF deposition rate have been identified and examples of their utility have been published. However, further work is required to demonstrate how best to apply the assays for the benefit of the relevant livestock production industries.
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Teixeira PD, Oliveira DM, Chizzotti ML, Chalfun-Junior A, Coelho TC, Gionbelli M, Paiva LV, Carvalho JRR, Ladeira MM. Subspecies and diet affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and chemical composition of muscle in beef cattle. Meat Sci 2017; 133:110-118. [PMID: 28666109 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen Nellore and 14 Angus young bulls with BW of 381±11.8kg were randomly assigned into 2 feeding groups (whole shelled corn without forage (WSC) or corn silage and ground corn (GC)) to evaluate chemical composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the longissimus thoracis (LT). We hypothesized that bulls fed the WSC diet have greater amounts of intramuscular fat and Angus have higher expression levels of PPAR and SREBF. Meat from Angus bulls had greater ether extract compared to Nellore (P<0.05). Muscle from bulls fed the WSC diet had greater expression of PPARA (P<0.05) and lower levels of SREBF1 expression (P<0.01). The LT of Nellore fed GC had greater expression of FABP4, ACACA and SCD genes (P<0.01). In conclusion, the greater concentration of starch in the WSC diet did not increase marbling in the beef of bulls fed this diet due to the reduced expression of SREBF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Dalton M Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Mato Grasso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul 79.200-000, Brazil
| | - Mario L Chizzotti
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Tamara C Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - MateusP Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano V Paiva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - José Roberto R Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil.
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17
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Ladeira MM, Schoonmaker JP, Gionbelli MP, Dias JCO, Gionbelli TRS, Carvalho JRR, Teixeira PD. Nutrigenomics and Beef Quality: A Review about Lipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060918. [PMID: 27294923 PMCID: PMC4926451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present review is to discuss the results of published studies that show how nutrition affects the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and how diet manipulation might change marbling and composition of fat in beef. Several key points in the synthesis of fat in cattle take place at the molecular level, and the association of nutritional factors with the modulation of this metabolism is one of the recent targets of nutrigenomic research. Within this context, special attention has been paid to the study of nuclear receptors associated with fatty acid metabolism. Among the transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) stand out. The mRNA synthesis of these transcription factors is regulated by nutrients, and their metabolic action might be potentiated by diet components and change lipogenesis in muscle. Among the options for dietary manipulation with the objective to modulate lipogenesis, the use of different sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, starch concentrations, forage ratios and vitamins stand out. Therefore, special care must be exercised in feedlot feed management, mainly when the goal is to produce high marbling beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Jon P Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Mateus P Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Júlio C O Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Priscilla D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
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Montazer-Torbati F, Boutinaud M, Brun N, Richard C, Neveu A, Jaffrézic F, Laloë D, LeBourhis D, Nguyen M, Chadi S, Jammes H, Renard JP, Chat S, Boukadiri A, Devinoy E. Differences during the first lactation between cows cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer and noncloned cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4778-4794. [PMID: 27016834 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactation performance is dependent on both the genetic characteristics and the environmental conditions surrounding lactating cows. However, individual variations can still be observed within a given breed under similar environmental conditions. The role of the environment between birth and lactation could be better appreciated in cloned cows, which are presumed to be genetically identical, but differences in lactation performance between cloned and noncloned cows first need to be clearly evaluated. Conflicting results have been described in the literature, so our aim was to clarify this situation. Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. The cloned cows and 9 noncloned counterparts were raised under similar conditions. Milk production and composition were recorded monthly from calving until 200d in milk. At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. Furthermore, milk fat yield and contents were lower in cloned cows during early lactation. At around 67 DIM, milk fat and protein yields, as well as milk fat, protein, and lactose contents, were also lower in cloned cows. These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. During our experiments, CSN1S2 transcript levels were lower in the mammary gland of cloned cows. The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. We conclude, therefore, that milk production in cloned cows differs slightly from that of noncloned cows. These differences may be due, in part, to a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis. They were associated with differences in cell apoptosis and linked to variations in DNMT1 mRNA. However, milk protein and fat contents were more similar among cloned cows than among noncloned cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Boutinaud
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - N Brun
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Richard
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Neveu
- INRA, UE1298 Unité commune d'expérimentation animale, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F Jaffrézic
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - D Laloë
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - D LeBourhis
- ALLICE, lieu-dit Le Perroi, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - M Nguyen
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - S Chadi
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - H Jammes
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J-P Renard
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - S Chat
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Boukadiri
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - E Devinoy
- INRA, UMR1313 GABI, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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