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Gheller LS, Martins MM, Silva TH, Freu G, Salles MSV, Júnior LCR, Soares WVB, Netto AS. The Performance and Metabolism of Dairy Cows Receiving an Ultra-Diluted Complex in the Diet during the Transition Period and Early Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3261. [PMID: 37893985 PMCID: PMC10603693 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of feeding an ultra-diluted complex to dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation. Thirty multiparous pregnant dairy cows were blocked and randomly assigned to either a placebo control (CON) group or ultra-diluted complex (UD) group. The CON group received a placebo (basal diet + 40 g/cow/day of expanded silicate), while the UD group received the ultra-diluted complex (basal diet + 40 g/cow/day of PeriParto Transição-RealH, composed of ultra-diluted substances + vehicle: expanded silicate). Cows were evaluated from 30 days before the expected calving date until 60 days in milk (DIM) for sample and data collection. Post-partum dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by the treatment. Cows fed UD had higher DMI relative to BW. Feeding UD increased milk lactose content and decreased milk protein content. Cows fed UD had lower somatic cell counts in the third and fourth week of lactation. Cows fed UD showed a tendency for higher liver health index. Using UD during the transition period and early lactation may benefit liver and udder health of dairy cows with no detrimental effect on milk performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S. Gheller
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.S.G.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.S.)
| | - Mellory M. Martins
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.S.G.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.S.)
| | - Thiago H. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.S.G.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.S.)
| | - Gustavo Freu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Luiz C. R. Júnior
- Animal Science Institute (IZ), Nova Odessa 13460-000, SP, Brazil; (L.C.R.J.); (W.V.B.S.)
| | - Weber V. B. Soares
- Animal Science Institute (IZ), Nova Odessa 13460-000, SP, Brazil; (L.C.R.J.); (W.V.B.S.)
| | - Arlindo S. Netto
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.S.G.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.S.)
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Li Y, Gao J, Xue Y, Sun R, Sun X, Sun Z, Liu S, Tan Z, Zhu W, Cheng Y. Nutrient availability of roughages in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets alters the bacterial networks in the whole gastrointestinal tract of Hu sheep. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:70. [PMID: 36922757 PMCID: PMC10015938 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutrient availability of roughages could affect the dietary utilization efficiency of ruminants even in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Here, we analyzed the bacterial composition and their metabolic pathways in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of Hu sheep fed with wheat straw (WS) instead of alfalfa (AL) in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets, trying to explore the reasons from the perspective of GITs bacterial network structure changes. RESULTS We employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing in combination with the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and other statistical methods to describe the microbiota composition in the GITs of Hu sheep. The results showed after the roughage was replaced from AL to WS, the most positive response occurred in the rumen microbiota, resulting in a more obvious microbiological and functional redundancy phenomenon. Whereas extended biogeographic studies of the GITs bacterial community found opposite results for the hindgut microbiota and metabolism networks compared to the forestomach. The abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria such as Prevotella, Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group, and Treponema was significantly increased in GITs, but low-efficiency crude fiber degradation inhibited energy use efficiency, the pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, and volatile acid synthesis. In addition, dietary shifting from AL to WS decreased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group and Alistipes, thereby enhancing the underlying inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that feeding untreated WS affected the structure and function of the bacterial network in the GITs due to limited total digestible nutrients, and in particular increases the complexity of the rumen bacterial network, and limit the abundance of bacteria involved in the crude fiber degradation in the hindgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihan Xue
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruolin Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhanying Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Suozhu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Zhankun Tan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Milk yield variation partially attributed to blood oxygen-mediated neutrophil activation in lactating dairy goats. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:369-380. [PMID: 35604023 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Blood oxygen is an essential component for numerous biological processes of mammalian animals. Milk production of ruminants largely relies on the supply of nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. To define the regulatory role of blood oxygen availability in regard to milk production, seventy-five healthy Guanzhong dairy goats with similar body weight, days in milk and parities were selected. For each animal, milk yield was recorded and milk sample was collected to determine compositions. Milk vein blood was collected to determine parameters including blood gas, physio-biochemistry and haematology. Another blood sample was prepared for transcriptome and RT-qPCR. Results showed that both pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the milk vein (positively) and numbers of neutrophils in mammary vein (negatively) were associated with milk yield of the animals. To learn the role of pO2 in blood cell functionality, twelve animals (six with higher yield (H-group) and six with lower yield (L-group)) from seventy-five goats were selected. Compared with animals in L-group, goats in H-group were higher in pO2 but lower in pCO2, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase activity and neutrophil abundance in milk vein, compared with L-group. The blood transcriptome analysis suggested that compared with L-group, animals in H-group were depressed in functionality including neutrophil activation and metabolic pathways including glycolysis, NF-κB and HIF-1. Our result revealed that lower milk production could be associated with neutrophil activation responding to low pO2 in the mammary vein. In the meantime, we highlighted the potential importance of blood oxygen as a milk yield regulator.
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Li M, Wei Y, Yin Y, Zhu W, Bai X, Zhou Y. Characteristics of Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community of Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) and Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Intercropping System in Northwest Liaoning. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010114. [PMID: 36677406 PMCID: PMC9861424 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant intercropping is a new intercropping method. However, as a new intercropping model, the influence of intercropping of alfalfa on microorganisms has not been clarified clearly. In this study, the composition and diversity of microbial communities in alfalfa intercropping were studied, and the differences of bacterial and fungal communities and their relationships with environmental factors are discussed. Intercropping significantly decreased soil pH and significantly increased soil total phosphorus (TP) content, but did not increase soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN). Intercropping can increase the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and reduce the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in soil. The relative abundance and diversity of bacteria were significantly correlated with soil pH and TP, while the diversity of fungi was mainly correlated with TC, TN and soil ecological stoichiometry. The bacterial phylum was mainly related to pH and TP, while the fungal phylum was related to TC, TN, C: P and N: P. The present study revealed the stoichiometry of soil CNP and microbial community characteristics of mulberry-alfalfa intercropping soil, clarified the relationship between soil stoichiometry and microbial community composition and diversity, and provided a theoretical basis for the systematic management of mulberry-alfalfa intercropping in northwest Liaoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Institute of Modern Agricultural Research, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yawei Wei
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Tieling 112000, China
| | - You Yin
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Tieling 112000, China
| | - Wenxu Zhu
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Tieling 112000, China
| | - Xuejiao Bai
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Tieling 112000, China
- Correspondence: (X.B.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-13909819088 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongbin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Agricultural Research, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Life Science and Technology College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Correspondence: (X.B.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-13909819088 (Y.Z.)
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Wang B, Sun H, Wang D, Liu H, Liu J. Constraints on the utilization of cereal straw in lactating dairy cows: A review from the perspective of systems biology. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:240-248. [PMID: 35600542 PMCID: PMC9097690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ghizzi LG, Del Valle TA, Zilio EM, Sakamoto LY, Marques JA, Dias MS, Nunes AT, Gheller LS, de P. Silva TB, Grigoletto NT, Takiya CS, da Silva GG, Rennó FP. Partial replacement of corn silage with soybean silage on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Effects of organic acid-based products added to total mixed ration on performance and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang B, Yu Z, Liu J. Assessing metabolic properties of dairy cows fed low quality straws by integrative arterial and venous metabolomics. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1770-1778. [PMID: 32054160 PMCID: PMC7649076 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to reveal potential metabolic differences of dairy cows fed corn stover (CS) and rice straw (RS) instead of alfalfa hay (AH) as main forage source. METHODS Thirty multiparous mid-late lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected and randomly assigned to three diets, AH, CS, or RS (n = 10). After 13 weeks of the feeding trial, coccygeal arterial and superficial epigastric venous plasma samples were collected before morning feeding for gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry analyses. RESULTS In the artery, 8 and 13 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. The relative abundance of phenylpropanoate (log2fold change [FC]) = 1.30, 1.09), panthenol (log2FC = 2.36, 2.20), threitol (log2FC = 1.00, 1.07), and 3,7,12-trihydroxycoprostane (log2FC = 0.79, 0.78) were greater in both CS and RS than in AH, and tyrosine (log2FC = -0.32), phenylalanine (log2FC = -0.30), and pyruvic acid (log2FC = -0.30) were lower in RS than in AH. In the vein, 1 and 7 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. By comparing AH and RS, we found that metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were enriched by integrative artery and vein analysis. Furthermore, AH and RS, arterial phenylpropanoate and 4-hydroxyproline were positively, and phenylalanine was negatively correlated with milk urea nitrogen. Finally, in AH and CS, arterial panthenol was negatively correlated with feed efficiency. CONCLUSION Arterial metabolic profiles changed more than those in the veins from animals on three forage diets, differing in amino acids. We found that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were restricted when cows were fed low-quality cereal straw diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wang D, Cai J, Zhao F, Liu J. Low-quality rice straw forage increases the permeability of mammary epithelial tight junctions in lactating dairy cows. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2037-2041. [PMID: 30142692 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that milking frequency and plasma hormones play important roles in regulating mammary permeability. However, it is still not known whether nutritional factors can influence udder permeability. DESIGN This study was conducted to investigate mammary epithelial tight-junction permeability in lactating dairy cows fed different forage-based diets. Twenty mid-lactating dairy cows were allocated to ten blocks based on their parity and milk yield and then randomly assigned into rice straw-based diet and alfalfa-based diet groups. Both diets contained 15% corn silage and 55% concentrate (dry matter basis). In terms of forage sources, rice straw-based diets (RS) contained 30% rice straw, whereas alfalfa-based diets (AH) contained 23% alfalfa hay plus 7% Chinese wild rye hay. RESULTS The concentrations of Na+ , Na+ /K+ ratio, bovine serum albumin, and plasmin in the milk, the plasma lactose concentration, and the mRNA abundance of BCL2 associated agonist of cell death, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 in the mammary gland were greater in RS-fed cows than in AH-fed animals. Mammary expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and occludin was lower in RS-fed cows compared with the AH-fed group. The expressions of growth hormone receptor, claudin-1, -3, -4, and ZO-1 were similar in the two diet groups. CONCLUSION The cows fed RS showed higher mammary alveolar permeability, likely due to its effect on proliferation/apoptosis rates of mammary epithelial cells. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diming Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Harreiter J, Vila G, Leitner K, Wattar L, Leutner M, Worda C, Bancher-Todesca D, Kautzky-Willer A. Decreased beta-cell function in breastfeeding obese and non-obese women: A prospective observational study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2790-2798. [PMID: 30583966 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is associated with lower breastfeeding rates. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not well-understood, but there is increasing evidence on an association between parameters of maternal glucose metabolism and prolactin concentrations. In this cross-sectional observational study we investigate the relationship between breastfeeding, maternal obesity, and maternal glucose metabolism postpartum with beta cell function as a primary outcome measure. METHODS We investigated 106 women (44% obese) prospectively recruited during the pregnancy, who underwent a 75 g - 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between the 3rd and 5th months postpartum. At this time point, we tested the relationship between breastfeeding status, maternal prolactin concentrations, maternal obesity, and fasting and dynamic indices of glucose metabolism using multivariate logistic regression in a post hoc analysis of prospective observational data. RESULTS During the study visit at a mean of 122 (SE 9.3) days after delivery, 47% of obese women and 68% of non-obese women were breastfeeding (p < 0.05). Lactation and higher prolactin concentrations were associated with lower prepregnancy weight and lower postpartum insulin concentrations. Prehepatic beta-cell function was decreased in both obese (mean (SD); 0.16 (0.04) vs. 0.19 (0.05), p < 0.05) and non-obese (0.12 (0.05) vs. 0.16 (0.06), p < 0.01), lactating women. Obese lactating women have significantly lower first (1135.1 (306.7) pmol/L vs. 1517.3 (475.8) pmol/L, p < 0.01) and second phase insulin secretion (mean (SD), 300.2 (70.7) pmol/L vs. 393.1 (115.5) pmol/L, p < 0.01) as shown by Stumvoll indices when comparing to obese non-lactating women. Prehepatic beta-cell function and Stumvoll 1st phase insulin secretion index, but not BMI, were independently and negatively associated with breastfeeding and circulating prolactin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Beta-cell function during lactation relates to breastfeeding and circulating prolactin concentrations independently of obesity. The well-known positive effects of lactation on maternal and offspring outcomes might reflect a causative relationship of higher breastfeeding rates in metabolically healthier women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department for Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Greisa Vila
- Division for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department for Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karoline Leitner
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department for Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luna Wattar
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department for Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leutner
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department for Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Worda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department for Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Cai J, Zhao FQ, Liu JX, Wang DM. Local Mammary Glucose Supply Regulates Availability and Intracellular Metabolic Pathways of Glucose in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Dairy Goats Under Malnutrition of Energy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1467. [PMID: 30405429 PMCID: PMC6206160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As glucose is the regulator of both the milk yield and mammary oxidative status, glucose supply is considered to play important nutritional and physiological role on mammary gland (MG) metabolism. However, inconsistent results were observed from different infusion methods to evaluate the effect of glucose on MG glucose metabolism. Thus, precise method should be developed to learn how availability and intracellular metabolic pathways of glucose in the MG are altered by the direct mammary glucose supply. In addition, limited information is available on the role of mammary glucose supply in milk synthesis in lactating ruminants under an energy-deficient diet. Direct glucose supply to the MG was implemented in the current study through the external pudendal artery infusion under an energy-deficient diet. Six doses of glucose (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/d) were infused through the external pudendal arteries, which is the main artery to the MG, to six lactating goats fed with basal diet meeting 81% energy requirement in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Milk and lactose yields were both quadratically increased with increased glucose infusion, whereas the milk yield changed inconsistently with the increased energy balance (EB), indicating local glucose supply, rather than EB, improved milk production. Glucose fluxes in the MG were significantly increased and correlated with mammary plasma flow. However, the ratio of lactose yield to glucose absorbed by the MG was significantly decreased. The increased glucose fluxes in the MG and changed glucose-related metabolites in milk indicated that the glucose availability and intracellular metabolic pathways was regulated by local mammary glucose. Acute glycolysis consumed the superfluous glucose and induced accumulation of oxygen radicals in the MG during over-supplied glucose conditions. The present study provided insight to optimal glucose supply to the MG during the lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di-Ming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Obeidat BS, Subih HS, Taylor JB, Obeidat MD. Alfalfa hay improves nursing performance of Awassi ewes and performance of growing lambs when used as a source of forage compared with wheat straw. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:581-588. [PMID: 30338426 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing wheat straw (WS) with alfalfa hay (ALF) in diets fed to Awassi lactating ewes (exp. 1) and weaned lambs (exp. 2). In each experiment, sheep were fed 1 of 3 treatment diets containing WS only, WS and ALF mix (50:50; WS-ALF), or ALF only as the forage sources. In exp. 1, 33 lactating Awassi ewes were assigned randomly to treatment diets (11 ewes/diet) and fed ad libitum for 56 days. Intakes of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were greater (P = 0.001) in WS-ALF and ALF diets than WS diet. Ewe weight-of-lamb weaned, and nursing-lamb average daily gain (ADG) was greatest for ALF, intermediate for WS-ALF, and least for WS treatment groups (P < 0.0001). Milk production (kg/day) tended to be greater (P = 0.07) in ALF diets compared with WS diets. Milk protein, total solids, and lactose production (g/day) were greater (P < 0.04) in ewes fed ALF and WS-ALF diets compared with WS diet. In exp. 2, 27 newly weaned lambs were randomly assigned to treatment diets (9 lambs/treatment) and fed ad libitum for 70 days. Intake and digestibility of DM were greater (P < 0.05) in lambs fed the ALF diet compared with the WS diet. Lamb total gain and ADG were greater (P < 0.01) for lambs fed WS-ALF and ALF diets compared with WS diet. Replacement of wheat straw with alfalfa hay improved most of performance and productivity measured variables of Awassi lactating ewes and growing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - H S Subih
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - J B Taylor
- Agricultural Research Service, Range Sheep Production Efficiency Research Unit, USDA, Dubois, ID, 83423, USA
| | - M D Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Substitution of fresh forage ramie for alfalfa hay in diets affects production performance, milk composition, and serum parameters of dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:469-472. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fagnani R, de Araújo JPA, Botaro BG. Field findings about milk ethanol stability: a first report of interrelationship between α-lactalbumin and lactose. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2787-2792. [PMID: 29124776 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk ethanol stability is not only associated with microbiological acidification, but is a phenomenon with many variables that influence the balance of soluble salts, mainly calcium ion activity. On this basis, we wanted to find out more about milk ethanol stability by studying its relationship with milk protein fractions and others major components. The influence of milk composition on ethanol stability was assessed through a predictive model comprising 180 individual raw milk samples. An additional model was used to assess the ethanol stability status as a response to the proteins fractions quantified by electrophoresis. RESULTS Of the total samples, 68% were classified as stable and 32% as unstable to alcohol. Milk ethanol instability increased at low values of lactose content and high values of ash percentage. α-Lactalbumin (α-La) was also associated with ethanol stability, and the higher the α-La percentage the lower were the chances of ethanol instability. CONCLUSION The lower values of α-La in unstable milk samples might be related to lower content of lactose, as α-La promotes lactose synthesis, a key component for the osmotic balance of milk and thus its ethanol stability. This is the first field report linking ethanol stability indirectly with α-La. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fagnani
- Master of Dairy Science and Technology Degree Program, Unopar University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Garcia Botaro
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Cai J, Wang D, Liu J. Regulation of fluid flow through the mammary gland of dairy cows and its effect on milk production: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1261-1270. [PMID: 28758674 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dairy milk consists of more than 85% water. Therefore, understanding the regulation of fluid absorption in the mammary gland is relevant to improving milk production. In recent decades, studies using different approaches, including blood flow, transmembrane fluid flow, tight junction, fluid flow of the paracellular pathway and functional mammary epithelial cell state, have been conducted aiming to investigate how mammary gland fluid absorption is regulated. However, the relationship between regulation mechanisms of fluid flow and milk production has not been studied systematically. The present review summarizes a series of key milk yield regulatory factors mediated by whole-mammary fluid flow, including milk, mammary blood flow, blood/tissue fluid-cell fluid flow and cell-alveolus fluid flow. Whole-mammary fluid flow regulates milk production by altering transporter activity, ion channels, local microcirculation-related factors, driving force of fluid transport (osmotic pressure or electrochemical gradient), cellular connection state and a cell volume sensitive mechanism. In addition, whole-mammary fluid flow plays important roles in milk synthesis and secretion. Knowledge gained from fluid flow-mediated regulatory mechanisms of the dairy mammary gland will lead to a fundamental understanding of lactation biology and will be beneficial for the improvement of dairy productivity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Wang B, Tu Y, Jiang LS, Liu JX. Effect of cereal straw and alfalfa hay diet on amino acid profile of gastrointestinal digesta in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:421-428. [PMID: 28608533 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing alfalfa hay with rice straw (RS) or corn stover (CS) on amino acid (AA) profiles of gastrointestinal digesta in lactating cows. Eighteen lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 6) and fed identical concentrate and corn silage with different forages on dry matter basis: (i) 23% alfalfa hay and 7% Chinese wild rye hay (AH); (ii) 30% CS; and (iii) 30% RS. After the 14-week feeding, a total of 18 cows were slaughtered to collect digesta from four representative organs, including rumen, omasum, duodenum and jejunum. The AA profiles of ruminal microbial fraction were similar among the treatments, except for greater Arg in cows fed RS than in cows fed AH or CS. Most of the analysed AA changed under different diets. Significant differences were found among the microbial fraction, rumen fluid and rumen digesta, with greater essential AA in digesta than in microbial fraction or rumen fluid and greater essential AA in microbial fraction than rumen fluid. Significant differences in individual AA profiles of digesta and relevant fluid were found across the four representative digestive tract parts, including rumen, omasum, duodenum and jejunum, showing much lower Leu proportion in CS and RS than in AH in duodenal fluid. In summary, ruminal microbes may prefer using essential AA, rather than non-essential AA. The AA profile of ruminal microbes was constant except for Arg. The AA composition of digesta across the four digestive tracts changed dramatically, which indicated differences in the ability and efficiency of AA absorption. The lower duodenum absorbable Leu proportion in cows fed CS or RS indicated the shortage of Leu in CS or RS diets, which might also restrict the balanced AA absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Tu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L S Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - J X Liu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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