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Omondi VO, Bosire GO, Onyari JM, Kibet C, Mwasya S, Onyonyi VN, Getahun MN. Multi-omics analyses reveal rumen microbes and secondary metabolites that are unique to livestock species. mSystems 2024; 9:e0122823. [PMID: 38294243 PMCID: PMC10878066 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01228-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminant livestock, including cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, possess a distinctive digestive system with complex microbiota communities critical for feed conversion and secondary metabolite production, including greenhouse gases. Yet, there is limited knowledge regarding the diversity of rumen microbes and metabolites benefiting livestock physiology, productivity, climate impact, and defense mechanisms across ruminant species. In this study, we utilized metataxonomics and metabolomics data from four evolutionarily distinct livestock species, which had fed on diverse plant materials like grass, shrubs, and acacia trees, to uncover the unique signature microbes and secondary metabolites. We established the presence of a distinctive anaerobic fungus called Oontomyces in camels, while cattle exhibited a higher prevalence of unique microbes like Psychrobacter, Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, and Orpinomyces. Goats hosted Cleistothelebolus, and Liebetanzomyces was unique to sheep. Furthermore, we identified a set of conserved core microbes, including Prevotella, Rickenellaceae, Cladosporium, and Pecoramyces, present in all the ruminants, irrespective of host genetics and dietary composition. This underscores their indispensable role in maintaining crucial physiological functions. Regarding secondary metabolites, camel's rumen is rich in organic acids, goat's rumen is rich in alcohols and hydrocarbons, sheep's rumen is rich in indoles, and cattle's rumen is rich in sesquiterpenes. Additionally, linalool propionate and terpinolene were uniquely found in sheep rumen, while valencene was exclusive to cattle. This may suggest the existence of species-specific microbes and metabolites that require host rumen-microbes' environment balance. These results have implications for manipulating the rumen environment to target specific microbes and secondary metabolite networks, thereby enhancing livestock productivity, resilience, reducing susceptibility to vectors, and environmentally preferred livestock husbandry.IMPORTANCERumen fermentation, which depends on feed components and rumen microbes, plays a crucial role in feed conversion and the production of various metabolites important for the physiological functions, health, and environmental smartness of ruminant livestock, in addition to providing food for humans. However, given the complexity and variation of the rumen ecosystem and feed of these various livestock species, combined with inter-individual differences between gut microbial communities, how they influence the rumen secondary metabolites remains elusive. Using metagenomics and metabolomics approaches, we show that each livestock species has a signature microbe(s) and secondary metabolites. These findings may contribute toward understanding the rumen ecosystem, microbiome and metabolite networks, which may provide a gateway to manipulating rumen ecosystem pathways toward making livestock production efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O. Omondi
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi (U.o.N), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - John M. Onyari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi (U.o.N), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caleb Kibet
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Mwasya
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vanessa N. Onyonyi
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Merid N. Getahun
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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Rossi R, Mainardi E, Vizzarri F, Corino C. Verbascoside-Rich Plant Extracts in Animal Nutrition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38247465 PMCID: PMC10812750 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the search for dietary intervention with natural products able to sustain animal health and decrease environmental impact, has raised the number of studies pertaining to the use of plants' secondary metabolites. In fact, in livestock, there is a clear relationship between the animals' antioxidant status and the onset of some diseases that negatively affect animal welfare, health, and productive performance. An interesting compound that belongs to the secondary metabolites family of plants, named phenylpropanoids, is verbascoside. The genus Verbascum, which includes more than 233 plant species, is the genus in which this compound was first identified, but it has also been found in other plant extracts. Verbascoside exhibits several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, and neuroprotective properties, that have been evaluated mainly in in vitro studies for human health. The present work reviews the literature on the dietary integration of plant extracts containing verbascoside in livestock. The effects of dietary plant extracts containing verbascoside on the productive performance, antioxidant status, blood parameters, and meat quality in several animal species were evaluated. The present data point out that dietary plant extracts containing verbascoside appear to be a favorable dietary intervention to enhance health, antioxidant status, and product quality in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Edda Mainardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesco Vizzarri
- National Agricultural and Food Centre Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia;
| | - Carlo Corino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
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Shelf-life modeling for whole egg powder: Application of the general stability index and multivariate accelerated shelf-life test. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Corino C, Rossi R. Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1877. [PMID: 34942980 PMCID: PMC8698740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and their neutralization by the antioxidants' defenses [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Corino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
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Cui Y, Lu H, Tian Z, Deng D, Ma X. Current trends of Chinese herbal medicines on meat quality of pigs. A review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/138775/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rossi R, Ratti S, Moretti VM, Vasconi M, Corino C. Sensory characteristics and volatile compounds of dry cured ham Speck are affected by pig dietary supplementation with antioxidant mixture. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1134-1142. [PMID: 32785953 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry cured ham named Speck is a typical Italian product, with consolidated processing techniques and specific quality parameters. It has gained importance in the international market after obtaining the Protected Geographical Indication. Recent studies indicate that dietary plant extracts in pig may affect quality of processed meats but there are no data on their effect on Speck. Consequently, the effects of dietary supplementation with antioxidant mixture (AOX), containing vitamin E and polyphenols, in pigs on the nutritional characteristics, volatile compounds, sensory properties and consumers' preference of Speck were evaluated. RESULTS The Speck weight loss during seasoning was lower in the AOX group, while products quality parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. Alcohol and terpenes concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in the AOX samples than the control. Sensory profile revealed slight differences (P < 0.05) in Speck salty and sweet taste, whereas the consumer tests showed a higher (P < 0.05) preference, with mean score of seven, for Speck from pigs fed AOX. CONCLUSION Our results provide new insights on the quality parameters of Speck. Dietary integration with antioxidant mixture decreased Speck weight losses during seasoning. Volatile compounds concentrations and sensory profile were slightly affected by dietary treatment. The consumer test revealed that dietary antioxidants, increased the overall preference for Speck, and can potentially increase its consumption. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Sabrina Ratti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Vittorio M Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Mauro Vasconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Carlo Corino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Rossi R, Vizzarri F, Ratti S, Palazzo M, Casamassima D, Corino C. Effects of Long-Term Supplementation with Brown Seaweeds and Polyphenols in Rabbit on Meat Quality Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122443. [PMID: 33419317 PMCID: PMC7766534 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dam and offspring dietary supplementation with a natural feed additive on the growth performance and meat quality parameters of growing rabbits. The growing rabbits are selected from lactating does receiving a control diet (C) or diets supplemented with 0.3% (SP1) and 0.6% (SP2) of feed additive containing brown seaweeds (Laminaria spp.) and plant extracts. In the postweaning phase, the growing rabbits remained in the treatment group defined by their does and the trial lasted 42 days. The average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved in the rabbit fed 0.6% of the natural feed additive. The cholesterol content tended to be lower in Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle and decrease in Semimembranosus (SM) muscle (in SP2 -41.36% than controls). The α tocopherol and retinol content were enhanced in both muscles of rabbit fed the natural mixture (SP1 and SP2 groups). An improvement of sensory attributes of texture was observed in both muscles from rabbit fed natural mixture. In conclusion, long term supplementation of both lactating does and offspring with the high dosage of brown seaweed and plant polyphenols improves growth performance and enhances meat nutritional and sensory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Vizzarri
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Ratti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Marisa Palazzo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università Degli Studi del Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Donato Casamassima
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università Degli Studi del Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Carlo Corino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.C.)
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Palazzo M, Vizzarri F, Arvay J, D'Alessandro A, Martemucci G, Casamassima D, Ratti S, Corino C, Rossi R. Dietary effect of dried bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) meal on selected productive performances and on quality meat traits in growing rabbits. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pinchen H, Church S, Strong M, Dimmack L, Powell N, Swan G, Finglas P. Nutrient content of key cuts of pork in the UK. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Strong
- Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board Kenilworth UK
| | - L. Dimmack
- Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board Kenilworth UK
| | | | - G. Swan
- Public Health England London UK
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Dietary Supplementation with Natural Extracts Mixture: Effects on Reproductive Performances, Blood Biochemical and Antioxidant Parameters in Rabbit Does. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effects of natural extracts on reproductive performance, haematochemical parameters, and antioxidant status of rabbit does. A total of sixty New Zealand White second parity does were divided into three groups: the first group was fed a control diet (CON), the second (T1) and the third groups (T2) were fed the same diet supplemented with prebiotic polysaccharides from brown seaweeds (Laminaria spp.) plus phenolic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, and flavonoids from plant extracts (0.3% and 0.6%, respectively). The trial was conducted for two consecutive reproductive cycles (75 days). Reproductive performance was recorded. Blood samples were collected before the first insemination, 10 d after the first kindling, and 10 d after the second one. At the first reproductive cycle, productive parameters were negatively affected (P<0.05) by a high dosage of the dietary supplement (T2 group). At the second reproductive cycle, no differences (P>0.05) between dietary treatments on reproductive and productive performances were observed. Bilirubin was affected by dietary treatment (P<0.001) and decreased in relation to sampling time (P<0.001). The HDL cholesterol decreased by dietary treatment (P<0.01). All the plasma antioxidant markers were positively affected (P<0.001) by dietary supplementation and sampling time. No previous study has reported the effects of brown seaweeds and polyphenols on rabbit does and the present data shows that this natural extract supplement improved the antioxidant status of rabbit does.
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Du R, Qu Y, Qi PX, Sun X, Liu Y, Zhao M. Natural flagella-templated Au nanowires as a novel adjuvant against Listeria monocytogenes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5627-5635. [PMID: 32100780 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple method was developed for the extraction and purification of bacterial flagella with a yield of a concentration of 113.22 ± 5.64 mg mL-1. Gold (Au) nanowires were synthesized using the bacterial flagella as the template. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the nanowires were scarcely clustered as stiff (no tendency to bend or fold) and straight nanorods with homogeneous surface and a uniform aspect ratio over 60. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic studies revealed the deep involvement of the functional groups located within and on the surface of flagellin, including C-N, N-H, O-H, and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O. The profound transformation observed in the absorption profiles of these groups supported the notion that both chemical (reduction) reaction and physical (electrostatic) binding of Au occurred during the formation of Au nanowires. Verbascoside, oleuropein, and olive leaf extract (OLE) have been shown to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes completely at their respective Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of 20, 64, and 64 mg mL-1. In contrast, the synthesized Au nanowires demonstrated high electrocatalytic activity and reduced the MICs of the three antibacterial compounds by half. Moreover, results from the AMES assays indicated that the synthesized Au nanowires had no mutagenic activities at the catalytic concentration used, 128 μg mL-1. Therefore, the Au nanowires fabricated in this work have the potential to be used as new antimicrobial food packaging materials to enhance food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Du
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Effects of dietary levels of brown seaweeds and plant polyphenols on growth and meat quality parameters in growing rabbit. Meat Sci 2019; 161:107987. [PMID: 31683222 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Growth performances, carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters from growing rabbit fed with two levels of dietary brown seaweed (Laminaria spp) and plant polyphenols were investigated. One hundred and forty-four New Zealand White rabbits were allotted into three dietary treatments containing 0 (C), 0.3% (T1), and 0.6% (T2) of brown seaweed and plant polyphenols mixture for 42 days. Growth performances and carcass weight were improved in T1 group. Vitamin A and E content in Longissimus thoracis and lumborum (LTL) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscle were enhanced in the treated groups. In the SM muscle, the oxidative stability was improved in rabbit fed with both dosages of dietary supplement, and the cholesterol content tended to be lower in T1 than in T2 and C groups. The LTL and SM muscle sensory characteristics were improved. In conclusion, dietary integration with a low dosage of brown seaweed and plant polyphenols is a valid strategy for enhance growth performance and produce healthier rabbit meat.
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Echegaray N, Domínguez R, Franco D, Lorenzo JM, Carballo J. Effect of the use of chestnuts (Castanea sativa Miller) in the finishing diet of Celta pig breed on the shelf-life of meat refrigerated and frozen. Food Res Int 2018; 114:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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