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Wang P, Tian X, Feng J. Effects of Different Processed Diets on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Hair Quality and Fecal Microbiota in Ragdoll Cats. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2729. [PMID: 39335318 PMCID: PMC11429482 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been ongoing debate about the dietary choices for pet cats, particularly regarding three options: extruded dry food, cooked meat, and raw meat. Determining which diet is most suitable for a cat's healthy growth still requires substantial empirical support. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding Ragdoll cats (n = 5/group) extruded dry food (ED), cooked meat (CM), and raw meat (RM) on their growth performance, apparent digestibility, fur condition, blood parameters, fecal scores, and gut microbiota composition. However, our results indicate that different types of diets did not significantly affect the daily weight gain of Ragdoll cats. The CM group showed a significant improvement in the digestibility of dry matter, fat and protein compared to the ED group (p < 0.05) but no improvement in that of fat compared to the RM group. Compared to the ED group, both the CM and RM groups showed significant improvements in fur condition while exhibiting a significant decrease in fecal scores (p < 0.05). The CM and RM groups exhibited enhanced serum antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) and increased immunity in the cats (p < 0.05). Immunity enhancement in the CM group was significantly higher than that in the RM group(p < 0.05). The ED group showed an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria in Ragdoll cat intestines, while the CM and RM groups showed enhancements in the innate microbiota of feline animals. These data, to some extent, suggest that CM is the most suitable diet for Ragdoll cats, but further research on intestine microbiota is still needed. These study findings provide a reference for purebred pet breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Yuan C, Ren L, Sun R, Yun X, Zang X, Zhang A, Wu M. Mannan oligosaccharides improve the fur quality of raccoon dogs by regulating the gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1324277. [PMID: 38169639 PMCID: PMC10758401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1324277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adding antibiotics to animal basal diets can improve growth and production performance. However, the use of antibiotics poses a potential threat to public health safety. Methods The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the fur quality, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum immunity, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of fur-growing raccoon dogs. Divide 24 male raccoon dogs (120 ± 5 d) of similar weight (5.01 ± 0.52 kg) into 4 groups randomly. Add 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% MOS to the basal diets of groups C, L, M, and H, respectively. Results Compared to the C group, the addition of 0.05% and 0.1% MOS in the diet increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), Underfur length (UL), Guard hair length (GL), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in the serum (p < 0.05); Under the dosage of 0.05 % MOS, the activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased (p < 0.05). Compared to the C group, adding 0.05% MOS significantly increased the VH/CD of the duodenum and ileum, while also increasing the VH and CD of the jejunum (p < 0.05). Through Spearman correlation analysis of the gut microbiota, it was found that MOS can improve fur quality by reducing the abundance of Dorea while improving the immune response of raccoon dogs by reducing the abundance of Blautia and Gemmiger. Discussion In conclusion, MOS can improve the fur quality, serum immunity, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of raccoon dogs. Therefore, MOS has the potential to replace antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianghong Yun
- Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Zang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Aiwu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Long L, Zhao X, Li H, Yan X, Zhang H. Effects of Zinc Lactate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Serum Parameters, and Hepatic Metallothionein of Chinese Yellow-Feathered Broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1835-1843. [PMID: 34142310 PMCID: PMC8854323 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In poultry, organic zinc compounds have higher bioavailability than inorganic zinc sources. However, as an organic zinc source, the application of zinc lactate (ZL) on Chinese yellow-feathered broilers has been rarely reported. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of ZL supplementation on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, serum biochemical parameters, immune organ index, as well as hepatic metallothionein of Chinese yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 2100 broilers (19 days old) were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, including the control (fed basal diet), ZL40 (basal diet plus 40 mg/kg ZL), ZL60 (basal diet plus 60 mg/kg ZL), ZL80 (basal diet plus 80 mg/kg ZL), and ZS80 (basal diet plus 80 mg/kg ZS. Each treatment group had 6 replicates with 70 chickens per replicate. Compared to the control group, the ZL40 and the ZS80 groups had a lower feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05), ZL40 group had higher duodenum and ileum villus heights (P < 0.05), and ZS80 and ZL80 groups had a lower ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.01). In addition, the ZL60 group had a higher concentration of total protein (P < 0.05) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.01) compared with the ZS80 and the control groups. Interestingly, the ZL40, ZL60, and ZL80 groups all had higher levels of hepatic metallothionein than the other groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, zinc lactate had a higher bioavailability and could be used as an alternative to zinc sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China
| | - Xichen Zhao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, 483Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Haojie Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China.
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Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Intestinal Immunity Response and Gut Microbiota in American Mink ( Neovison vison). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061577. [PMID: 34071204 PMCID: PMC8229402 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vitamin A is critical throughout life, but utilization of vitamin A often results in local and systemic toxicity. This study investigated the effect of vitamin A supplementation on mink growth and health. The results show that vitamin A deficiency decreased the ADG, villus height, villus height/crypt depth ratio and mRNA expression levels of IL-22, Occludin and ZO-1. Vitamin A supplementation increased the diversity of jejunum bacteria, decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group. Abstract This experiment investigated the effect of vitamin A supplementation on growth, serum biochemical parameters, jejunum morphology and the microbial community in male growing-furring mink. Thirty healthy male mink were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with 10 mink per group. Each mink was housed in an individual cage. The mink in the three groups were fed diets supplemented with vitamin A acetate at dosages of 0 (CON), 20,000 (LVitA) and 1,280,000 IU/kg (HVitA) of basal diet. A 7-day pretest period preceded a formal test period of 45 days. The results show that 20,000 IU/kg vitamin A increased the ADG, serum T-AOC and GSH-Px activities, villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of IL-22, Occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunum of mink were significantly higher in the LVitA group than those in the CON and HVitA groups (p < 0.05). Vitamin A supplementation increased the diversity of jejunum bacteria, decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, uncultured bacterium f Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Rummeliibacillus and Parasutterella. The comparison of potential functions also showed enrichment of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, transport and catabolism pathways in the vitamin A supplementation groups compared with the CON group. In conclusion, these results indicate that dietary vitamin A supplementation could mediate host growth by improving intestinal development, immunity and the relative abundance of the intestinal microbiota.
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Wang ZC, Yu HM, Xie JJ, Cui H, Nie H, Zhang T, Gao XH. Effect of dietary zinc pectin oligosaccharides chelate on growth performance, enzyme activities, Zn accumulation, metallothionein concentration, and gene expression of Zn transporters in broiler chickens1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2114-2124. [PMID: 30753602 PMCID: PMC6488314 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effect of zinc pectin oligosaccharides chelate (Zn-POS) on growth performance, serum enzyme activities, tissue zinc accumulation, metallothionein (MT) concentrations, and gene expression of zinc transporters (ZnT) in broilers. Five hundred forty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 dietary groups with 6 replicates of 18 birds per replicate. The diets were formulated with the same supplemental Zn level (80 mg/kg diet) but different amount of the Zn-POS: 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg Zn-POS/kg diet. ZnSO4 was used to adjust to the desired amount of the Zn (80 mg/kg) in the Zn-POS diets. Broilers were fed with the experimental diets for 42 d including the starter (days 1 to 21) and grower (days 22 to 42) phases. Our results showed that dietary supplementation of Zn-POS linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio during 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d as well as body weight on day 42, whereas reduced (P < 0.05) the sum of mortality and lag abnormalities in broilers on day 42. Besides, serum alkaline phosphatase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activities increased (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically in response to dietary Zn-POS supplemental level on day 42. Dietary Zn-POS supplementation increased Zn accumulation in serum (linear, P < 0.05), liver (linear, P < 0.05), and pancreas (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). In addition, Zn-POS supplementation linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) MT concentrations in liver and pancreas of broilers. Pancreatic mRNA levels of MT, ZnT-1, and ZnT-2 increased (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically, and the mRNA expression of metal response element-binding transcription factor-1 increased linearly (P < 0.05), in response to dietary Zn-POS supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of Zn-POS in the diet increases Zn enrichment in the metabolic organs such as liver and pancreas and promotes productive performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Cheng Wang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Min Yu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jing Xie
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hu Cui
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Nie
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiu Hua Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Yu H, Xie J, Cui H, Gao X. Effect of pectin oligosaccharides and zinc chelate on growth performance, zinc status, antioxidant ability, intestinal morphology and short‐chain fatty acids in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:935-946. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Wang
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hu Cui
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
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