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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Reiter RJ, Manucha W. Daily and seasonal mitochondrial protection: Unraveling common possible mechanisms involving vitamin D and melatonin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105595. [PMID: 31954766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From an evolutionary point of view, vitamin D and melatonin appeared very early and share functions related to defense mechanisms. In the current clinical setting, vitamin D is exclusively associated with phosphocalcic metabolism. Meanwhile, melatonin has chronobiological effects and influences the sleep-wake cycle. Scientific evidence, however, has identified new actions of both molecules in different physiological and pathological settings. The biosynthetic pathways of vitamin D and melatonin are inversely related relative to sun exposure. A deficiency of these molecules has been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, sleep disorders, kidney diseases, cancer, psychiatric disorders, bone diseases, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, among others. During aging, the intake and cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, as well as the endogenous synthesis of melatonin are remarkably depleted, therefore, producing a state characterized by an increase of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Both molecules are involved in the homeostatic functioning of the mitochondria. Given the presence of specific receptors in the organelle, the antagonism of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the decrease of reactive species of oxygen (ROS), in conjunction with modifications in autophagy and apoptosis, anti-inflammatory properties inter alia, mitochondria emerge as the final common target for melatonin and vitamin D. The primary purpose of this review is to elucidate the common molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D and melatonin might share a synergistic effect in the protection of proper mitochondrial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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Chen Z, Zhou Q, Liu C, Zeng Y, Yuan S. Klotho deficiency aggravates diabetes-induced podocyte injury due to DNA damage caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2763-2772. [PMID: 33162804 PMCID: PMC7645346 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive disease, the main pathogeny of which is podocyte injury inducing glomerular filtration barrier and proteinuria. The occurrence and development of DN could be partly attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria. However, research on how mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD) ultimately causes DNA damage is poor. Here, we investigated the influence of Klotho deficiency on high glucose (HG)-induced DNA damage in vivo and in vitro. First, we found that the absence of Klotho aggravated diabetic phenotypes indicated by podocyte injury accompanied by elevated urea albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), creatinine and urea nitrogen. Then, we further confirmed that Klotho deficiency could significantly aggravate DNA damage by increasing 8-OHdG and reducing OGG1. Finally, we demonstrated Klotho deficiency may promote MtD to promote 8-OHdG-induced podocyte injury. Therefore, we came to a conclusion that Klotho deficiency may promote diabetes-induced podocytic MtD and aggravate 8-OHdG-induced DNA damage by affecting OOG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- University-Town Clinic, 958 hospital of PLA Army, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Chongqing, 400060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zeng
- Department of orthopedics, Chongqing general hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Yuan
- University-Town Clinic, 958 hospital of PLA Army, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
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Sahu A, Mamiya H, Shinde SN, Cheikhi A, Winter LL, Vo NV, Stolz D, Roginskaya V, Tang WY, St Croix C, Sanders LH, Franti M, Van Houten B, Rando TA, Barchowsky A, Ambrosio F. Age-related declines in α-Klotho drive progenitor cell mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired muscle regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4859. [PMID: 30451844 PMCID: PMC6242898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While young muscle is capable of restoring the original architecture of damaged myofibers, aged muscle displays a markedly reduced regeneration. We show that expression of the "anti-aging" protein, α-Klotho, is up-regulated within young injured muscle as a result of transient Klotho promoter demethylation. However, epigenetic control of the Klotho promoter is lost with aging. Genetic inhibition of α-Klotho in vivo disrupted muscle progenitor cell (MPC) lineage progression and impaired myofiber regeneration, revealing a critical role for α-Klotho in the regenerative cascade. Genetic silencing of Klotho in young MPCs drove mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and decreased cellular bioenergetics. Conversely, supplementation with α-Klotho restored mtDNA integrity and bioenergetics of aged MPCs to youthful levels in vitro and enhanced functional regeneration of aged muscle in vivo in a temporally-dependent manner. These studies identify a role for α-Klotho in the regulation of MPC mitochondrial function and implicate α-Klotho declines as a driver of impaired muscle regeneration with age.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Glucuronidase
- Klotho Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myoblasts/metabolism
- Myoblasts/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Regeneration/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - H Mamiya
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - S N Shinde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - A Cheikhi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - L L Winter
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - N V Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - D Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - V Roginskaya
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15232, PA, USA
| | - W Y Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21218-2608, MD, USA
| | - C St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - L H Sanders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, 27704, NC, USA
| | - M Franti
- Research Beyond Borders: Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, 06877, CT, USA
| | - B Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15232, PA, USA
| | - T A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Restoration and Repair, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, 94036, USA
| | - A Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15232, PA, USA
| | - F Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15219, PA, USA.
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Olauson H, Mencke R, Hillebrands JL, Larsson TE. Tissue expression and source of circulating αKlotho. Bone 2017; 100:19-35. [PMID: 28323144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
αKlotho (Klotho), a type I transmembrane protein and a coreceptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, was initially thought to be expressed only in a limited number of tissues, most importantly the kidney, parathyroid gland and choroid plexus. Emerging data may suggest a more ubiquitous Klotho expression pattern which has prompted reevaluation of the restricted Klotho paradigm. Herein we systematically review the evidence for Klotho expression in various tissues and cell types in humans and other mammals, and discuss potential reasons behind existing conflicting data. Based on current literature and tissue expression atlases, we propose a classification of tissues into high, intermediate and low/absent Klotho expression. The functional relevance of Klotho in organs with low expression levels remain uncertain and there is currently limited data on a role for membrane-bound Klotho outside the kidney. Finally, we review the evidence for the tissue source of soluble Klotho, and conclude that the kidney is likely to be the principal source of circulating Klotho in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rik Mencke
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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