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Sanabria-de la Torre R, González-Salvatierra S, García-Fontana C, Andújar-Vera F, García-Fontana B, Muñoz-Torres M, Riquelme-Gallego B. Exploring the Role of Sclerostin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15981. [PMID: 36498053 PMCID: PMC9739125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin is most recognized for its role in controlling bone formation; however, it is also expressed in the heart, aorta, coronary, and peripheral arteries. Human studies have associated high circulating sclerostin levels with the presence of different cardiovascular diseases (CVD), surrogate CVD markers, and a high risk of cardiovascular events in some populations. However, this is still a matter of scientific debate, as the results have been very heterogeneous among studies. In the present review, the association between serum sclerostin levels and CVD and/or cardiovascular mortality was analyzed. For this purpose, a scoping review was performed in which articles measuring serum sclerostin levels and cardiovascular risk in patients were selected. Eleven articles answered the research question; of these articles, 8/11 evaluated the association between sclerostin and CVD, of which 4/8 found a positive association, 2/8 found a negative association, and 2/8 found no association between variables. Five (5/11) of the articles included in the study evaluated cardiovascular mortality, of which 3/5 found a positive association, 1/5 found a negative association, and 1/5 found no association between variables. In conclusion, we did not find sufficient results to be able to demonstrate an association between elevated sclerostin levels and the development of CVD and/or cardiovascular mortality in the general population due to heterogeneity in the results. However, there seems to be a tendency to consider increased sclerostin levels as a risk factor for both the development of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in specific populations. Further studies in this field will help to solve some of the inconsistencies found during this scoping review and allow for the future use of sclerostin measurement as a strategy in the prevention and diagnosis of CVD and/or cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Blanca Riquelme-Gallego
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Long-Term Prognosis for People with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Propensity Matching Analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:1196682. [PMID: 35186219 PMCID: PMC8849798 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1196682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to researches, many people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had the higher incidence rate and mortality rate of coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention than those who did not receive percutaneous coronary intervention, while coronary rehabilitation was beneficial for patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention I. This study aims to analyze whether coronary rehabilitation was beneficial to patients with CKD after percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients and Methods. A retrospective survey was used to collect clinical data of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention due to CAD, and CKD patients were screened for further analysis. According to whether patients had received coronary rehabilitation treatment, research subjects were divided into two groups, the coronary rehabilitation group and the noncoronary rehabilitation group. The baseline characteristics of the propensity score matching between the two groups were compared. Survival analysis used the Cox hazard ratio (HR) model as regression method to compare the relative risk of the endpoints in the coronary rehabilitation group and the noncoronary rehabilitation group. RESULTS From January 2007 to January 2012, a total of 246 CKD patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention were included in this study, and 106 of them obtained coronary rehabilitation after surgery. After propensity score matching, there were 89 pairs of patients in the two groups who had no significant difference in demographic and clinical characteristics (all P > 0.05). CKD patients receiving coronary rehabilitation had a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.465, 95% CI 0.233-0.926, P=0.029) and cardiac complications (HR 0.532, 95% CI 0.287-0.984, P=0.044). Survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the coronary rehabilitation group was significantly higher than that of the noncoronary rehabilitation group (P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS For CKD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, receiving cardiac rehabilitation can significantly improve long-term survival and reduce cardiac events.
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Bahie A, Abdalbary MM, El-Sayed DY, Elzehery R, El-Said G, El-Kannishy G, Abd El Wahab AM. Relation of Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitors (Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1) to Left Ventricular Mass Index in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Nephrol 2021; 2021:2439868. [PMID: 34603797 PMCID: PMC8483936 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2439868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. It predicts poor prognosis. Several inhibitors regulate Wnt canonical pathways like Dickkopf-related protein-1 (Dkk-1) and sclerostin. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between serum sclerostin, Dkk-1, left ventricular mass (LVM), and LVM index (LVMI) in HD patients. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including 65 HD patients in our HD unit. Patients were divided into two groups according to LVMI (group 1 with LVMI < 125 gm/m2 (N = 29) and group 2 with LVMI > 125 gm/m2 (N = 36)). Echocardiographic evaluation of the LVM, aortic, and mitral valves calcification (AVC and MVC) was done. Serum levels of sclerostin and Dkk-1 and patients' clinical and biochemical data were recorded. RESULTS Group 2 showed significantly higher age, blood pressure, AVC, and MVC and significantly lower hemoglobin, sclerostin, and Dkk-1 levels. LVM and LVMI had a significant linear negative correlation to both serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 (r = -0.329 and -0.257, P=0.01 and 0.046 for LVM; r = -0.427 and -0.324, P=0.001 and 0.012 for LVMI, resp.). Serum Dkk-1 was an independent negative indicator for LVM and LVMI in multiple regression analyses (P=0.003 and 0.041 with 95% CI = -0.963 to -0.204 and -0.478 to -0.010, resp.). CONCLUSION Serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 were significantly lower in HD patients with increased LVMI > 125 gm/m2, and both had a significant linear negative correlation with LVM and LVMI. Dkk-1 was a significant negative independent indicator for LVM and LVMI in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bahie
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdalbary
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia Younis El-Sayed
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elzehery
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Said
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kannishy
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd El Wahab
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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Li SS, Zhang ZQ, He DW, He AL, Liu QF. Meta-analysis of the association between sclerostin level and adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622320967148. [PMID: 34471512 PMCID: PMC8404645 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320967148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies regarding the relationship of sclerostin (Scl) with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis have yielded controversial findings. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate the predictive role of Scl in this patient population. METHODS Several electronic medical databases (e.g. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) were searched for eligible studies through December 20, 2019. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on Scr level (high or low) using a random or fixed effects model. RESULTS From among 641 initially screened publications, 16 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. A high Scl level was not associated with cardiovascular events [HR = 0.8 (95% CI, 0.42-1.35)] or all-cause mortality [HR = 0.93 (95% CI, 0.56-1.54)]. There was high heterogeneity, but no evidence of publication bias. Interestingly, a high Scl level was associated with reduced cardiovascular events [HR = 0.44 (95% CI, 0.29-0.69)] in the subgroup by shorter follow-up period or all-cause mortality [pooled HR = 0.58 (95% CI, 0.36-0.91)] by shorter dialysis vintage. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that a high Scl level did not predict total clinical outcomes in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis despite survival benefits in the subgroups. The predictive role of Scl in these patients should be further evaluated in large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China Immunology Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Zhang
- Biobank, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Wei He
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ao-Lin He
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Qi-Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
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He P, Zhou C, Shen H. Diagnostic value of phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 4 levels in patients receiving nursing interventions for advanced chronic kidney disease. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521996179. [PMID: 33752499 PMCID: PMC7995466 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521996179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the diagnostic role of phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 4 (PEBP4) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving nursing interventions. METHODS ELISA was used to evaluate serum PEBP4 levels. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess diagnostic accuracy. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships between PEBP4 levels and biochemical indexes. RESULTS Serum PEBP4 was high in CKD patients compared with healthy individuals. PEBP4 levels were positively correlated with pathological stage in CKD patients. PEBP4 had higher sensitivity for diagnosis of CKD than common indexes including blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and C-reactive protein. Among CKD patients treated with calcium channel blockers, serum PEBP4 levels declined notably and were associated with concentrations of K+, Na+, Cl- and Ca2+. Nursing interventions significantly decreased serum PEBP4 levels. A significant association between serum PEBP4 level and ionic concentration was observed in CKD patients receiving nursing interventions. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study demonstrated that PEBP4 level might represent an effective diagnostic biomarker in CKD patients. PEBP4 also acted as a valuable care compliance factor for determining the necessity for nursing interventions. Nursing interventions restored ion channel function and subsequently resulted in decreased PEBP4 levels and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei He
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Congli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Huajuan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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De Maré A, D’Haese PC, Verhulst A. The Role of Sclerostin in Bone and Ectopic Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093199. [PMID: 32366042 PMCID: PMC7246472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a 22-kDa glycoprotein that is mainly secreted by the osteocytes, is a soluble inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling. Therefore, when present at increased concentrations, it leads to an increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Serum sclerostin levels are known to be increased in the elderly and in patients with chronic kidney disease. In these patient populations, there is a high incidence of ectopic cardiovascular calcification. These calcifications are strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although data are still controversial, it is likely that there is a link between ectopic calcification and serum sclerostin levels. The main question, however, remains whether sclerostin exerts either a protective or deleterious role in the ectopic calcification process.
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Rroji M, Figurek A, Spasovski G. Should We Consider the Cardiovascular System While Evaluating CKD-MBD? Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030140. [PMID: 32106499 PMCID: PMC7150959 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is highly prevalent in the population with chronic kidney disease (CKD), where the risk of CV death in early stages far exceeds the risk of progression to dialysis. The presence of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) has shown a strong correlation with CV events and mortality. As a non-atheromatous process, it could be partially explained why standard CV disease-modifying drugs do not provide such an impact on CV mortality in CKD as observed in the general population. We summarize the potential association of CV comorbidities with the older (parathyroid hormone, phosphate) and newer (FGF23, Klotho, sclerostin) CKD-MBD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merita Rroji
- University Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana 1001, Albania
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland;
| | - Goce Spasovski
- University Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia;
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Abstract
The causes of the increased cardiovascular risk associated with kidney diseases partly reside in the chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) syndrome. Three cardiovascular risk factors [hyperphosphatemia, vascular calcification, and elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)] levels have been discovered within the CKD-MBD over the last decades. In addition, sclerostin is recently presented as a new bone and vascular disease biomarker. This 22-kDa glycoprotein, secreted mainly by osteocytes, is a soluble inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway that has a pivotal role in bone biology and turnover. CKD patients are reported with higher levels of sclerostin, and levels decrease during dialysis. Sclerostin is associated with vascular calcification and CV risk in CKD, although data are still controversial. The question whether serum sclerostin has protective or deleterious role in CKD-MBD pathophysiology, and therefore in cardiovascular risk and overall mortality, is still open and needs to be answered. The standardization of assays and the establishment of a clear cut-off values when sclerostin starts to switch from physiological to pathophysiological role have to be another important step. Further research is needed also to define its relationship with other CKD-MBD biomarkers for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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